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Oh Y, Lai JSY, Min S, Huang HW, Liberles SD, Ryoo HD, Suh GSB. Periphery signals generated by Piezo-mediated stomach stretch and Neuromedin-mediated glucose load regulate the Drosophila brain nutrient sensor. Neuron 2021; 109:1979-1995.e6. [PMID: 34015253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensors allow animals to identify foods rich in specific nutrients. The Drosophila nutrient sensor, diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) neurons, helps the fly to detect nutritive sugar. This sensor becomes operational during starvation; however, the mechanisms by which DH44 neurons or other nutrient sensors are regulated remain unclear. Here, we identified two satiety signals that inhibit DH44 neurons: (1) Piezo-mediated stomach/crop stretch after food ingestion and (2) Neuromedin/Hugin neurosecretory neurons in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) activated by an increase in the internal glucose level. A subset of Piezo+ neurons that express DH44 neuropeptide project to the crop. We found that DH44 neuronal activity and food intake were stimulated following a knockdown of piezo in DH44 neurons or silencing of Hugin neurons in the VNC, even in fed flies. Together, we propose that these two qualitatively distinct peripheral signals work in concert to regulate the DH44 nutrient sensor during the fed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkyun Oh
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jason Sih-Yu Lai
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Soohong Min
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huai-Wei Huang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyung Don Ryoo
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Oh Y, Lai JSY, Mills HJ, Erdjument-Bromage H, Giammarinaro B, Saadipour K, Wang JG, Abu F, Neubert TA, Suh GSB. A glucose-sensing neuron pair regulates insulin and glucagon in Drosophila. Nature 2019; 574:559-564. [PMID: 31645735 PMCID: PMC6857815 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although glucose-sensing neurons were identified more than 50 years ago, the physiological role of glucose sensing in metazoans remains unclear. Here we identify a pair of glucose-sensing neurons with bifurcated axons in the brain of Drosophila. One axon branch projects to insulin-producing cells to trigger the release of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (dilp2) and the other extends to adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-producing cells to inhibit secretion of AKH, the fly analogue of glucagon. These axonal branches undergo synaptic remodelling in response to changes in their internal energy status. Silencing of these glucose-sensing neurons largely disabled the response of insulin-producing cells to glucose and dilp2 secretion, disinhibited AKH secretion in corpora cardiaca and caused hyperglycaemia, a hallmark feature of diabetes mellitus. We propose that these glucose-sensing neurons maintain glucose homeostasis by promoting the secretion of dilp2 and suppressing the release of AKH when haemolymph glucose levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkyun Oh
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Sih-Yu Lai
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- QPS-Qualitix Taiwan, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Holly J Mills
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ascend Public Charter Schools, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benno Giammarinaro
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Vision Sciences Graduate Program, School of Optometry, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Khalil Saadipour
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin G Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhan Abu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Shih HW, Wu CL, Chang SW, Liu TH, Lai JSY, Fu TF, Fu CC, Chiang AS. Parallel circuits control temperature preference in Drosophila during ageing. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7775. [PMID: 26178754 PMCID: PMC4518306 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of environmental temperature and regulation of body temperature are integral determinants of behaviour for all animals. These functions become less efficient in aged animals, particularly during exposure to cold environments, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identify an age-related change in the temperature preference of adult fruit flies that results from a shift in the relative contributions of two parallel mushroom body (MB) circuits—the β′- and β-systems. The β′-circuit primarily controls cold avoidance through dopamine signalling in young flies, whereas the β-circuit increasingly contributes to cold avoidance as adult flies age. Elevating dopamine levels in β′-afferent neurons of aged flies restores cold sensitivity, suggesting that the alteration of cold avoidance behaviour with ageing is functionally reversible. These results provide a framework for investigating how molecules and individual neural circuits modulate homeostatic alterations during the course of senescence. The capacity for thermoregulation deteriorates with age, particularly in cold environments. Here the authors demonstrate in Drosophila that age-related changes in cold avoidance result from a shift in the relative contribution of two parallel mushroom body circuits that are modulated by dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Wen Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan. [2] Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Wei Chang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Liu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jason Sih-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Feng Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Fu
- 1] Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [2] Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- 1] Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [2] Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [3] Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [4] Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80780, Taiwan. [5] Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0526, USA
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Dus M, Lai JSY, Gunapala KM, Min S, Tayler TD, Hergarden AC, Geraud E, Joseph CM, Suh GSB. Nutrient Sensor in the Brain Directs the Action of the Brain-Gut Axis in Drosophila. Neuron 2015; 87:139-51. [PMID: 26074004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Animals can detect and consume nutritive sugars without the influence of taste. However, the identity of the taste-independent nutrient sensor and the mechanism by which animals respond to the nutritional value of sugar are unclear. Here, we report that six neurosecretory cells in the Drosophila brain that produce Diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44), a homolog of the mammalian corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), were specifically activated by nutritive sugars. Flies in which the activity of these neurons or the expression of Dh44 was disrupted failed to select nutritive sugars. Manipulation of the function of Dh44 receptors had a similar effect. Notably, artificial activation of Dh44 receptor-1 neurons resulted in proboscis extensions and frequent episodes of excretion. Conversely, reduced Dh44 activity led to decreased excretion. Together, these actions facilitate ingestion and digestion of nutritive foods. We propose that the Dh44 system directs the detection and consumption of nutritive sugars through a positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dus
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jason Sih-Yu Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Keith M Gunapala
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Soohong Min
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Timothy D Tayler
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anne C Hergarden
- Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Eliot Geraud
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christina M Joseph
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Greg S B Suh
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Lin HH, Lai JSY, Chin AL, Chen YC, Chiang AS. A Map of Olfactory Representation in the Drosophila Mushroom Body. Cell 2007; 128:1205-17. [PMID: 17382887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural coding for olfactory sensory stimuli has been mapped near completion in the Drosophila first-order center, but little is known in the higher brain centers. Here, we report that the antenna lobe (AL) spatial map is transformed further in the calyx of the mushroom body (MB), an essential olfactory associated learning center, by stereotypic connections with projection neurons (PNs). We found that Kenyon cell (KC) dendrites are segregated into 17 complementary domains according to their neuroblast clonal origins and birth orders. Aligning the PN axonal map with the KC dendritic map and ultrastructural observation suggest a positional ordering such that inputs from the different AL glomeruli have distinct representations in the MB calyx, and these representations might synapse on functionally distinct KCs. Our data suggest that olfactory coding at the AL is decoded in the MB and then transferred via distinct lobes to separate higher brain centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hao Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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