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Carlson KB, Wcisel DJ, Ackerman HD, Romanet J, Christiansen EF, Niemuth JN, Williams C, Breen M, Stoskopf MK, Dornburg A, Yoder JA. Transcriptome annotation reveals minimal immunogenetic diversity among Wyoming toads, Anaxyrus baxteri. CONSERV GENET 2022; 23:669-681. [PMID: 37090205 PMCID: PMC10118071 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Briefly considered extinct in the wild, the future of the Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) continues to rely on captive breeding to supplement the wild population. Given its small natural geographic range and history of rapid population decline at least partly due to fungal disease, investigation of the diversity of key receptor families involved in the host immune response represents an important conservation need. Population decline may have reduced immunogenetic diversity sufficiently to increase the vulnerability of the species to infectious diseases. Here we use comparative transcriptomics to examine the diversity of toll-like receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences across three individual Wyoming toads. We find reduced diversity at MHC genes compared to bufonid species with a similar history of bottleneck events. Our data provide a foundation for future studies that seek to evaluate the genetic diversity of Wyoming toads, identify biomarkers for infectious disease outcomes, and guide breeding strategies to increase genomic variability and wild release successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara B. Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dustin J. Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hayley D. Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Romanet
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily F. Christiansen
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- North Carolina Aquariums, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Niemuth
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christina Williams
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Niemuth JN, Harms CA, Macdonald JM, Stoskopf MK. NMR-based metabolomic profile of cold stun syndrome in loggerhead Caretta caretta, green Chelonia mydas and Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii sea turtles in North Carolina, USA. Wildlife Biology 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A. Harms
- MKS and C. A. Harms: Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State Univ., Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- J. M. Macdonald and M. K. Stoskopf, Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- J. M. Macdonald and M. K. Stoskopf, Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
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Bembenek-Bailey SA, Niemuth JN, McClellan-Green PD, Godfrey MH, Harms CA, Gracz H, Stoskopf MK. NMR Metabolomic Analysis of Skeletal Muscle, Heart, and Liver of Hatchling Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta) Experimentally Exposed to Crude Oil and/or Corexit. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9020021. [PMID: 30691098 PMCID: PMC6410094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) to evaluate the metabolic impacts of crude oil, Corexit 5900A, a dispersant, and a crude oil Corexit 5900A mixture exposure on skeletal muscle, heart, and liver physiology of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Tissue samples were obtained from 22 seven-day-old hatchlings after a four day cutaneous exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of crude oil, Corexit 5900A, a combination of crude oil and Corexit 9500A, or a seawater control. We identified 38 metabolites in the aqueous extracts of the liver, and 30 metabolites in both the skeletal and heart muscle aqueous extracts, including organic acids/osmolytes, energy compounds, amino acids, ketone bodies, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Skeletal muscle lactate, creatines, and taurine concentrations were significantly lower in hatchlings exposed to crude oil than in control hatchlings. Lactate, taurine, and cholines appeared to be the basis of some variation in hatchling heart samples, and liver inosine, uracil, and uridine appeared to be influenced by Corexit and crude oil exposure. Observed decreases in concentrations of lactate and creatines may reflect energy depletion in skeletal muscle of oil-exposed animals, while decreased taurine concentrations in these animals may reflect higher oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia A Bembenek-Bailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Niemuth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Patricia D McClellan-Green
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Matthew H Godfrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Sea Turtle Project, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
| | - Craig A Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Hanna Gracz
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Michael K Stoskopf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
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Bembenek Bailey SA, Niemuth JN, McClellan-Green PD, Godfrey MH, Harms CA, Stoskopf MK. 1H-NMR metabolomic study of whole blood from hatchling loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) exposed to crude oil and/or Corexit. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:171433. [PMID: 29291126 PMCID: PMC5717701 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) to evaluate metabolic impacts of environmentally relevant crude oil and Corexit exposures on the physiology of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Sample extraction and data acquisition methods for very small volume whole blood samples and sources of variation between individual hatchlings were assessed. Sixteen unclotted, whole blood samples were obtained from 7-day-old hatchlings after a 4-day cutaneous exposure to either control seawater, crude oil, Corexit 9500A or a combination of crude oil and Corexit 9500A. After extraction, one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectra of the samples were obtained, and 17 metabolites were identified and confirmed in the whole blood spectra. Variation among samples due to the concentrations of metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, trimethylamine oxide and propylene glycol did not statistically correlate with treatment group. However, the characterization of the hatchling loggerhead whole blood metabolome provides a foundation for future metabolomic research with sea turtles and a basis for the study of tissues from exposed hatchling sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia A. Bembenek Bailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Niemuth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Patricia D. McClellan-Green
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Matthew H. Godfrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Sea Turtle Project, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1507 Ann Street, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Craig A. Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
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Westmoreland LS, Niemuth JN, Gracz HS, Stoskopf MK. Altered acrylic acid concentrations in hard and soft corals exposed to deteriorating water conditions. Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2016-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable marker of early coral response to environmental stressors can help guide decision-making to mitigate global coral reef decline by detecting problems before the development of clinically observable disease. We document the accumulation of acrylic acid in two divergent coral taxa, stony small polyp coral ( Acropora sp.) and soft coral ( Lobophytum sp.), in response to deteriorating water quality characterized by moderately increased ammonia (0.25 ppm) and phosphate (0.15 ppm) concentrations and decreased calcium (360 ppm) concentration, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomic techniques. Changes in acrylic acid concentration in polyp tissues free of zooxanthellae suggest that acrylic acid could be a product of animal metabolism and not exclusively a metabolic by-product of the osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in marine algae or bacteria. Our findings build on previously documented depletions of acrylic acid in wild coral potentially correlated to temperature stress and provide additional insight into approaches to further characterize the nature of the metabolic accumulation of acrylic acid under controlled experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori S.H. Westmoreland
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Niemuth
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Hanna S. Gracz
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Niemuth JN, De Voe RS, Jennings SH, Loomis MR, Troan BV. Malignant hypertension and retinopathy in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla
). J Med Primatol 2014; 43:276-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Niemuth
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Ryan S. De Voe
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- The North Carolina Zoological Park; Asheboro NC USA
| | - Samuel H. Jennings
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA USA
| | - Michael R. Loomis
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- The North Carolina Zoological Park; Asheboro NC USA
| | - Brigid V. Troan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- The North Carolina Zoological Park; Asheboro NC USA
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