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Stahlmann K, Lissner L, Bogl LH, Mehlig K, Kaprio J, Klosowska JC, Moreno LA, Veidebaum T, Solea A, Molnár D, Lauria F, Börnhorst C, Wolters M, Hebestreit A, Hunsberger M. Family structure in relation to body mass index and metabolic score in European children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12963. [PMID: 35950257 PMCID: PMC9786348 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in single parent and blended families or as an only child-compared to living in two-parent biological families or with siblings, respectively-is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) in cross-sectional studies. However, longitudinal research addressing the children's BMI in this context is scarce. Further, little is known about the association between family structure and metabolic health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating the association between both aspects of family structure with BMI and a metabolic score (MetS). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 7804 children participating in the European multi-center I.Family study (2013/2014) and longitudinal data from 5621 children who also participated previously in the IDEFICS study (2007-2010) were used. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview. BMI z-score and the MetS were based on measured anthropometry, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and triglycerides. Linear regressions were performed to model associations between family structure with BMI and MetS. RESULTS Children from single-parent families had higher BMI z-scores in the cross-sectional (β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001 to 0.18) and longitudinal analyses compared to those from two-parent families. Cross-sectionally, the number of siblings was associated with lower BMI z-scores (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.03) and lower MetS (β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.01). Longitudinally, only children between baseline and follow-up had higher BMI z-scores at follow-up (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.14) compared to stable siblings. CONCLUSION Obesity prevention measures should focus on single-parent households and families with an only child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stahlmann
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden,Institute of Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Leonie H. Bogl
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMMUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMMUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza Instituto Agroalimenatario de Aragón (IA2)Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de AragónZaragozaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic DiseasesNational Institute for Health DevelopmentTallinEstonia
| | - Antonia Solea
- Research and Education Institute of Child HealthStrovolosCyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical SchoolUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food SciencesNational Research CouncilAvellinoItaly
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Maike Wolters
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany,Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological ResearchLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Biometry and Data ManagementLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany,Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological ResearchLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPSBremenGermany
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
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Verbiest I, Blechert J, Debeuf T, Verbeken S, Klosowska JC, Michels N, De Henauw S, Braet C. Is there stress eating in children and adolescents? A first validation of the Dutch version of the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale. Appetite 2021; 167:105657. [PMID: 34419515 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES) is the first to specifically address the relationship of stress experiences and coping failure on the one hand and increases or decreases in food intake on the other hand. The SSES demonstrated good psychometric properties in English and German speaking adult samples. However, it has not been applied to younger age groups, which may differ in their expression and reporting of stress related eating behavior. Therefore, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties and correlates of the SSES in a Dutch speaking community sample of adolescents (study 1; N = 244, 9-18 years, adjusted BMI range = 71-189%, M = 103%) and in an inpatient sample of adolescents with obesity (study 2; N = 100, 9-16 years, adjusted BMI range = 151-310%, M = 194.5%). Factor analysis confirmed the original one factor structure in both studies. Internal consistency was 0.85 in study 1 and 0.90 in study 2 (Cronbach's alpha). In both the obesity and community sample, SSES scores were positively correlated with other eating-related measures (e.g., emotional eating, external eating), and uncorrelated with non-eating-related wellbeing measures (e.g., perceived stress, depressive symptoms). Unexpectedly, however, no association with adjusted BMI was found in the community sample, obesity sample, or combined sample. The scores of the obesity sample were also compared to the community sample in an age and sex-matched subsample of study 1. Against our hypothesis, the obesity sample did not report higher SSES scores than the community sample. The good internal consistency and the evidence for convergent and discriminant validity indicate that the Dutch version of the SSES seems useful in examining this clinically important eating behavior in adolescents. However, validity with regard to stress eating and BMI remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Verbiest
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - J Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Debeuf
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J C Klosowska
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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