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Nkhwa S, Montshiwa T, de Beer D, Booysen G, van den Heever C, Els J, Heydenrych A, Kebaetse M. Local design and manufacturing of patient-specific implant using Anatomage Medical Design Studio software: proof of concept - Botswana's 1st case report. 3D Print Med 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36952034 PMCID: PMC10035237 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-023-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botswana, like most sub-Sahara African nations, uses conventional orthopaedic implants that are sourced from major manufactures in the West. The implants are mass-produced and designed with universal configurations to fit an average patient. During surgery, surgeons thus sometimes bend the implants to match the individual bone anatomy, especially for paediatric patients and those with unique deformities, thus risking implant failure. The purpose of this project was to show the feasibility of developing safe and effective patient-specific orthopaedic implants in a low-resourced market. METHODS CT Scan slice files of a paediatric patient with Ollier's disease were used to reconstruct the lower limb anatomy. The resultant files were 3D printed into prototypes that showed severe right knee valgus deformity. The surgeon used the prototype to plan for corrective femoral osteotomy and the required implant. The implant design and planned surgery were subsequently simulated on the Medical Design Studio software for proper fitting before final implant printing. Surgery was then performed, followed by 12 weeks of physiotherapy. RESULTS Post-surgical x-rays demonstrated good implant positioning and knee joint alignment. At 18 months of post-surgical follow-up, the child was pain-free, could perform full squats, and ambulation was near-normal, without the use of an assistive device. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to develop effective, patient-specific implants for selected orthopaedic cases in a low-resourced country. This work could improve surgical and rehabilitation outcomes for selected paediatric patients and those with severe bone deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shathani Nkhwa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Pvt Bag, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thapelo Montshiwa
- Sidilega Private Hospital, Orthopaedic Surgery, P.O. Box 70905, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Deon de Beer
- Free State, Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Gerrie Booysen
- Free State, Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Cules van den Heever
- Free State, Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Johan Els
- Free State, Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Andre Heydenrych
- Free State, Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Maikutlo Kebaetse
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Pvt Bag, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana.
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du Plessis A, Els J, le Roux S, Tshibalanganda M, Pretorius T. Data for 3D printing enlarged museum specimens for the visually impaired. GigaByte 2020; 2020:gigabyte3. [PMID: 36824598 PMCID: PMC9631959 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Museums are embracing new technologies and one of these is the use of 3D printing. 3D printing allows for creating physical replicas of items which may, due to great value or significance, not be handled by the public, or which are too small or fragile to be handled or even seen with the naked eye. One such application of new technologies has been welcomed by the National Museum in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa. Here, blown-up (enlarged) Museum specimens were 3D printed for various interactive exhibits that are aimed at increasing the accessibility of their permanent displays for visually impaired visitors who rely greatly on touch as a source of observation. A selection of scorpions, pseudoscorpions, mites and archetypal bird skulls were scanned, processed and 3D printed to produce enlarged, highly functional nylon models. This data paper provides the raw micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) scan data and print ready STL files processed from this data. The STL files may be used in their current format and details of the printing are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton du Plessis
- CT Scanner Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7602, Corresponding author. CT Scanner Facility, Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa. E-mail:
| | - Johan Els
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa 6001
| | - Stephan le Roux
- CT Scanner Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7602,Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium
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Pretorius ZA, Booysen GJ, Boshoff WHP, Joubert JH, Maree GJ, Els J. Additive Manufacturing of Devices Used for Collection and Application of Cereal Rust Urediniospores. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31156688 PMCID: PMC6530045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optimized inoculation procedures are an important consideration in achieving repeatable plant infection when working with biotrophic rust fungi. Several plant pathology laboratories specializing in rust research employ a system where the collection and application of fungal spores are accomplished using an exchangeable gelatin capsule. Urediniospores are collected from erumpent pustules on plant surfaces into a capsule fitted to a cyclone collector controlled by a vacuum pump. By adding light mineral oil to the same capsule, the spore suspension is then sprayed onto plants by means of a dedicated atomizer (inoculator) connected to an air pressure source. Although devices are not commercially available, modern day technologies provide an opportunity to efficiently design and manufacture collectors and inoculators. Using a process called Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as "3D printing," the bodies of a collector and inoculator were digitally designed and then laser-sintered in nylon. Depending on availability, copper or aluminum tubes were fitted to the bodies of both devices afterward to either facilitate directed collection of spores from rust pustules on plant surfaces or act as a siphon tube to deliver the spore suspension contained in the capsule. No statistical differences were found between AM and metal inoculators for spray delivery time or spore deposition per unit area. In replicated collection and inoculation tests of wheat seedlings with urediniospore bulks or single pustule collections of Puccinia triticina and P. graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal organisms of leaf rust and stem rust, consistent and satisfactory infection levels were achieved. Immersing used devices in acetone for 60 s followed by a 2 h heat treatment at 75°C produced no contaminant infection in follow-up tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerrie J. Booysen
- Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Willem H. P. Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jozua H. Joubert
- Product Development Technology Station, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gerrie J. Maree
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Johan Els
- Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Fernandes N, van den Heever J, Hoogendijk C, Botha S, Booysen G, Els J. Reconstruction of an Extensive Midfacial Defect Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:589-594. [PMID: 27123959 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are extremely rare tumors arising in peripheral nerves. Only 17 cases involving the trigeminal nerve have ever been reported. These tumors have a very poor prognosis and very high rates of recurrence and metastases. Their recommended treatment involves complete tumor resection followed by radiation. This can be problematic in the head and neck region. We present a clinical case involving a 33-year-old female patient presenting with a slow-growing, exophytic mass of the anterior maxilla. Incisional biopsy and subsequent histological examination revealed a diagnosis of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Surgical resection involved a complete maxillectomy, rhinectomy, and resection of the upper lip and aspects of the left and right cheeks. Reconstruction of the subsequent defect incorporated the placement of four zygomatic oncology implants to aid in retention of a facial prosthesis. These implants, however, were subsequently lost; and an anatomical model of the hard tissues was manufactured via 3D printing. This model was used to design and manufacture a titanium frame (customized implant) for the patient. The frame was then fixated and secured intraoperatively with 21 cortical screws. A maxillary denture and silicone facial prosthesis were also made to fit onto this frame. This is the first known case where additive manufacturing, via the use of rapid prototyping and 3D printing, was employed to manufacture a facial prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Fernandes
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus van den Heever
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Hoogendijk
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sarel Botha
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gerrie Booysen
- Centre of Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Johan Els
- Centre of Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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du Plessis A, le Roux SG, Els J, Booysen G, Blaine DC. Application of microCT to the non-destructive testing of an additive manufactured titanium component. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csndt.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wiesner JL, de Jager AD, Sutherland FCW, Hundt HKL, Swart KJ, Hundt AF, Els J. Sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of meloxicam in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 785:115-21. [PMID: 12535844 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam was quantified in human plasma after a single 15 mg oral dose of the drug was given to 26 healthy volunteers. An Applied Biosystems Sciex API 2000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using TurboIonSpray (TIS) in the positive ion mode, was used. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was followed by C(18) reverse phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The mean recovery for meloxicam was 92% with a lower limit of quantification of 8.96 ng/ml. Piroxicam was used as the internal standard. This assay method makes use of the increased sensitivity and selectivity of tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) detection to allow for a more rapid (extraction and chromatography) and selective method for the determination of meloxicam in human plasma than has previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wiesner
- FARMOVS-PAREXEL Clinical Research Organisation, Private Bag X09, Brandhof 9324, South Africa.
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de Jager AD, Hundt HKL, Swart KJ, Hundt AF, Els J. Extractionless and sensitive method for high-throughput quantitation of cetirizine in human plasma samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 773:113-8. [PMID: 12031836 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Following a single 10-mg oral dose of cetirizine dihydrochloride to 24 healthy volunteers, the analyte was quantified in human plasma. Protein precipitation using acetonitrile (ACN) was followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The MS/MS method was optimised using a PE Sciex API 2000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, using electrospray with positive ionisation. Oxybutynin was used as the internal standard. The assay method represents a robust, high-throughput, highly specific and sensitive quantitative assay procedure, with 0.5 ng/ml being the lowest plasma concentration that could be reliably quantified. The procedure involves minimal sample preparation, and is well suited to clinical studies of the drug involving large numbers of generated samples. Pre-dose as well as post-dose samples up to and including 48 h were quantified, and the data generated were used to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D de Jager
- FARMOVS-PAREXEL-Bioanalytical Serviced Division, Private Bag X09, Brandhof 9324, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Sutherland FCW, Smit MJ, Herbst L, Els J, Hundt HKL, Swart KJ, Hundt AF. Highly specific and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 3-desmethylthiocolchicine in human plasma as analyte for the assessment of bioequivalence after oral administration of thiocolchicoside. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:71-7. [PMID: 11999759 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the determination of 3-desmethylthiocolchicine in plasma was developed, using high-performance liquid chromatographic separation with tandem mass spectrometric detection. The plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) 5 microm, 150x2 mm column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.005% formic acid (350:650, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.35 ml/min. Detection was achieved by an Applied Biosystems API 2000 mass spectrometer (LC-MS-MS) set at unit resolution in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. TurbolonSpray ionisation was used for ion production. The mean recovery for 3-desmethylthiocolchicine was 70%, with a lower limit of quantification set at 0.39 ng/ml. The increased selectivity of mass spectrometric (MS-MS) detection allowed us to distinguish between thiocolchicoside and its primary metabolite 3-desmethylthiocolchicine in human plasma, thereby giving more insight about the pharmacokinetics of the drug in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C W Sutherland
- Farmovs-Parexel Clinical Research Organisation, Brandhof, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Smit MJ, Sutherland FCW, Hundt HKL, Swart KJ, Hundt AF, Els J. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of domperidone in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:65-70. [PMID: 11999758 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of domperidone in plasma was developed, using high-performance liquid chromatographic separation with tandem mass spectrometry detection. The samples were rendered basic with 1 M Na2CO3 and the domperidone extracted using tert.-butyl methyl ether, followed by back-extraction into formic acid (2% in water). Chromatography was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C8 (2), 5 microm, 150x2 mm column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.02% formic acid (300:700, v/v), delivered at 0.2 ml/min. Detection was performed using an Applied Biosystems Sciex API 2000 mass spectrometer set at unit resolution in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. TurbolonSpray ionisation was used for ion production. The mean recovery of domperidone was +/- 100%, with a lower limit of quantification set at 0.189 ng/ml. This assay method makes use of the increased sensitivity and selectivity of tandem mass spectrometric detection resulting in a rapid (extraction and chromatography) and sensitive method for the determination of domperidone in human plasma, which is more sensitive than previously described methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Smit
- Farmovs-Parexel Clinical Research Organisation, Bioanalytical Sciences Division, Brandhof, South Africa.
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Abstract
Over a year swabs were taken from 87 untreated bite wounds in dogs seen by veterinary practitioners in Harare, Zimbabwe. Swabs were also taken from normal skin adjacent to the wound site, and gingival swabs were collected from normal dogs coming to the same clinics. The swabs were cultured aerobically for pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus intermedius, and the antibiotic sensitivities of the pathogens were determined by disc diffusion assay. The most common pathogens isolated from the wounds were S intermedius (23 per cent), Escherichia coli (18 per cent) and non-lactose-fermenting coliforms (14 per cent). S intermedius was common on the normal skin of the dogs with infected wounds, and was associated with wounds on the abdomen, hindlimbs and tail and wounds that were more than three days old. This organism was, however, isolated only infrequently from the gums and there was little correlation in general between the prevalence of pathogens in the mouth and their prevalence in wounds. Of the S intermedius isolates from wounds, 30 per cent were resistant to penicillin and multiple antibiotic resistance was common among the enterobacterial isolates. The majority of the pathogens were sensitive to cotrimoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Kelly
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare
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