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Mariotti S, Köhnen E, Scheler F, Sveinbjörnsson K, Zimmermann L, Piot M, Yang F, Li B, Warby J, Musiienko A, Menzel D, Lang F, Keßler S, Levine I, Mantione D, Al-Ashouri A, Härtel MS, Xu K, Cruz A, Kurpiers J, Wagner P, Köbler H, Li J, Magomedov A, Mecerreyes D, Unger E, Abate A, Stolterfoht M, Stannowski B, Schlatmann R, Korte L, Albrecht S. Interface engineering for high-performance, triple-halide perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Science 2023; 381:63-69. [PMID: 37410849 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved stability and efficiency of two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells will require reductions in recombination losses. By combining a triple-halide perovskite (1.68 electron volt bandgap) with a piperazinium iodide interfacial modification, we improved the band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction at the electron-selective contact. Solar cells showed open-circuit voltages of up to 1.28 volts in p-i-n single junctions and 2.00 volts in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. The tandem cells achieve certified power conversion efficiencies of up to 32.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mariotti
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Scheler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kári Sveinbjörnsson
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Zimmermann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Piot
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fengjiu Yang
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Warby
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Menzel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keßler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igal Levine
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene S Härtel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Xu
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Cruz
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eva Unger
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Korte
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Diekmann J, Peña-Camargo F, Tokmoldin N, Thiesbrummel J, Warby J, Gutierrez-Partida E, Shah S, Neher D, Stolterfoht M. Determination of Mobile Ion Densities in Halide Perovskites via Low-Frequency Capacitance and Charge Extraction Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4200-4210. [PMID: 37115820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobile ions in perovskite photovoltaic devices can hinder performance and cause degradation by impeding charge extraction and screening the internal field. Accurately quantifying mobile ion densities remains a challenge and is a highly debated topic. We assess the suitability of several experimental methodologies for determining mobile ion densities by using drift-diffusion simulations. We found that charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) underestimates ion density, but bias-assisted charge extraction (BACE) can accurately reproduce ionic lower than the electrode charge. A modified Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis at low frequencies can provide ion density values for high excess ionic densities, typical for perovskites. The most significant contribution to capacitance originates from the ionic depletion layer rather than the accumulation layer. Using low-frequency MS analysis, we also demonstrate light-induced generation of mobile ions. These methods enable accurate tracking of ionic densities during device aging and a deeper understanding of ionic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Diekmann
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nurlan Tokmoldin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Warby
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Sahil Shah
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Ye F, Zhang S, Warby J, Wu J, Gutierrez-Partida E, Lang F, Shah S, Saglamkaya E, Sun B, Zu F, Shoaee S, Wang H, Stiller B, Neher D, Zhu WH, Stolterfoht M, Wu Y. Overcoming C 60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7454. [PMID: 36460635 PMCID: PMC9718752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Ye
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China ,grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shuo Zhang
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Jonathan Warby
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiawei Wu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sahil Shah
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Elifnaz Saglamkaya
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bowen Sun
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut fur Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Haifeng Wang
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Burkhard Stiller
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
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