Salivary HPV DNA informs locoregional disease status in advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
Oral Oncol 2019;
95:120-126. [PMID:
31345379 DOI:
10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.06.019]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Quantifying tumor DNA in tissue and circulating in blood permits high-quality molecular monitoring to detect and track cancer progression. Evaluating tumor DNA in both blood and saliva in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) could provide a non-invasive and clinically actionable method for real-time disease detection.
METHODS
We previously validated an ultrasensitive droplet-digital (dd)PCR assay targeting the dominant high-risk HPV subtypes causally linked to OPC. Here we enrolled an observational cohort to evaluate the predictive and prognostic potential of paired plasma-salivary tumor DNA among 21 patients with advanced HPV+OPC.
RESULTS
In patients with recurrent, persistent locoregional (LR) disease, median baseline normalized salivary HPV DNA was 10.9 copies/ng total DNA, nearly 20x higher compared with those with distant disease only (p = 0.01). A cutoff of 5 copies/ng yielded 87% sensitivity and 67% specificity for accurately predicting LR disease. Total tumor burden among those with LR disease strongly correlated with salivary HPV DNA levels (R = 0.83, p = 0.02). The rise and fall of salivary HPV DNA predicted treatment failure and response, respectively, in all patients with LR disease, and predated imaging findings. Among paired salivary-plasma (cell-free) cfDNA samples, only higher plasma HPV cfDNA levels were associated with poor outcomes (p < 0.01), suggesting that each bodily fluid provides unique information about HPV disease status.
CONCLUSIONS
Salivary HPV DNA provides valuable information about tumor burden and predicts treatment response in advanced HPV+OPC. Paired blood-saliva samples could be used to monitor HPV DNA with broad applications to inform diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance in HPV-associated diseases.
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