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Abstract
A circadian leaf movement has been found in Phaseolus vulgaris var. Pinto that will persist under constant temperature and continuous fluorescent light. The period of leaf movement was approximately 26 hours in length, and the amplitude did not diminish for at least 4 weeks. Leaf movements were similar for plants grown in either 1100, 4950, 7700, or 10,450 lumens per square meter. This is the first clearly defined persistent circadian rhythm reported for leaves of higher plants.
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Rhythmic leaf movements in biloxi soybean and their relation to flowering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1971; 47:676-81. [PMID: 16657683 PMCID: PMC396749 DOI: 10.1104/pp.47.5.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rhythmic leaf movement of Biloxi soybean (Glycine max) and its relationship to the rhythmic flowering response were studied. The movements of fully expanded trifoliate leaves were recorded with kymographs and time lapse photography in growth chambers. A comparison between the leaf movement rhythm and the rhythmic flowering response indicates that a high degree of similarity exists between the two rhythms. A definite relationship was shown to exist between the direction of the leaf movement and the photophil-photophobe phases of the rhythmic flowering response.Short light perturbations may affect flowering by interacting directly with the flowering process while not affecting the basic endogenous rhythm. Long light perturbations may affect flowering by phase shifting the basic endogenous rhythm. Thus, light perturbations appear to have a dual effect on the flowering response of Biloxi soybean. The hypothesis that both the flowering rhythm and the leaf movement rhythm are coupled to the same basic oscillator is supported by the similarity of the phase shifts induced in the two rhythms by identical light perturbations.
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A Comparison of the Effects of Autoclaved and Nonautoclaved Gibberellic Acid on Lemna perpusilla 6746. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1971; 47:726-8. [PMID: 16657693 PMCID: PMC396759 DOI: 10.1104/pp.47.5.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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5
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6
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Rotation axes for clinostat studies in light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1970; 45:231-2. [PMID: 16657309 PMCID: PMC396387 DOI: 10.1104/pp.45.2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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7
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Abstract
Flower formation was initiated in Lemna by acetone extracts of flowering cocklebur (Xanthium). These extracts also initiated flower formation in Xanthium when they were supplemented with gibberellic acid. No flower formation was initiated in dluckweed (Lemna) or Xanthium by extracts from vegetative Xanthium. Extracts from vegetative plants supplemented ivith gibberellic acid did not initiate flowers in Xanthium or Lemna.
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9
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Abstract
Computer analysis was used for the detection of rhythmic components and the estimation of period length in leaf movement records. The results of this study indicated that spectral analysis can be profitably used to determine rhythmic components in leaf movements.In Pinto bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown for 28 days under continuous light of 750 ft-c and at a constant temperature of 28 degrees , there was only 1 highly significant rhythmic component in the leaf movements. The period of this rhythm was 27.3 hr. In plants grown at 20 degrees , there were 2 highly significant rhythmic components: 1 of 13.8 hr and a much stronger 1 of 27.3 hr. At 15 degrees , the highly significant rhythmic components were also 27.3 and 13.8 hr in length but were of equal intensity. Random movements less than 9 hr in length became very pronounced at this temperature. At 10 degrees , no significant rhythm was found in the leaf movements. At 5 degrees , the leaf movements ceased within 1 day.
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11
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Abstract
The inhibitory effect of light interruptions given during the photophobe phases of a 72-hour cycle was studied with Biloxi soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The basic 72-hour cycle consisted of 8 hours of light followed by 64 hours of darkness and was repeated 7 times. Supplementary white light treatments given at the twenty-fourth and/or forty-eighth hour of the cycle (photophil phases) promoted the flowering levels of the controls and kept light treatments given at the most inhibitory points from inhibiting flowering completely. Such supplementary light treatments did not affect the time of maximum sensitivity to light interruptions. When 30-minute light breaks were used, maximum inhibition occurred at the 16-, 43-, and 63-hour points. The duration of the light breaks affected the time of maximum inhibition when given during the second photophobe phase. The time of maximum inhibition occurred earlier with 4-hour light breaks than with either 3-minute or 2-hour light interruptions.Three-minute red light interruptions produced essentially the same effect as 3-minute white light interruptions. Such treatments inhibited flowering completely in the first photophobe phase, inhibited flowering to only a small degree in the second photophobe phase, and inhibited flowering to an intermediate degree in the third photophobe phase. Far-red light interruptions strongly inhibited flowering in the first photophobe phase, especially when given early in the dark period. Three minutes of supplementary white light given at the twenty-fourth or forty-eighth hour of the cycle partially overcame the inhibitory effect of far-red light. Four hours of supplementary white light at these times completely overcame the far-red inhibition.
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Studies of the Involvement of an Endogenous Rhythm in the Photoperiodic Response of Hyoscyamus niger. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 42:725-30. [PMID: 16656562 PMCID: PMC1086609 DOI: 10.1104/pp.42.5.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An attempt was made to determine the involvement of an endogenous circadian rhythm in the flowering response of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in a modified White's medium. Both variable-cycle-length and light interruption experiments were employed in this attempt. In the variable-cycle experiments, plants were subjected to light periods of 6, 12, or 18 hours followed by varying lengths of darkness. The total lengths of the cycles varied from 12 to 72 hours. In experiments utilizing a 6-hour photoperiod, a high level of flowering occurred in cycle lengths of 12, 36, and 60 hours. Flowering was suppressed in the 24-, 48-, and 72-hour cycles. When a 12-hour photoperiod was used the flowering response was low between 24 and 36 hours and flowering did not indicate a rhythmic response. When an 18-hour photoperiod was used, the flowering response was suppressed in the 36- and 60-hour cycles.Light-break experiments were conducted to study further the flowering response in Hyoscyamus. These experiments consisted of a 6-hour main photoperiod followed by varying lengths of darkness to make cycles of 24, 48, and 72 hours. At given intervals the dark period was interrupted by 2-hour light breaks. In a 24-hour cycle, flowering was promoted when a light break was given at either the twelfth or eighteenth hour of the cycle. In a 48-hour cycle, flowering was strongly promoted by light breaks given near the beginning or at the end of the dark period. In a 72-hour cycle, light breaks given at the eighteenth, forty-second, and sixty-sixth hour of the cycle stimulated flowering as compared with light breaks given at the thirtieth and fifty-fourth hour. These results are indicative of the involvement of an endogenous rhythm in the flowering response of Hyoscyamus niger.
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Control of Flowering of Xanthium pensylvanicum by Red and Far-red Light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 42:532-40. [PMID: 16656534 PMCID: PMC1086578 DOI: 10.1104/pp.42.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the effects of various durations, intensities and combinations of red and far-red light interruptions on the flowering responses of Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. A dual response to treatments of far-red light was observed. In short dark periods, far-red light alone did not greatly affect flowering but was able to overcome the inhibition of flowering caused by red light. In dark periods longer than 15 hours, far-red inhibited flowering and added to rather than overcame the inhibition by red light. The dark period length required for far-red inhibition remained the same whether far-red was given at the start or at the eighth hour of darkness.In 48-hour dark periods Xanthium showed 3 responses to additions of red and far-red light breaks: A) response to red light; B) response to far-red light; and C) response to red followed by far-red light. Red light given any time in the first 30 hours of darkness overcame the inhibitory effect of far-red light given at either the start or the eighth hour of darkness. Red light given later than the thirtieth hour did not overcome the far-red effect.Approximately the same energy of red light was required to overcome the inhibitory effect of far-red at the second hour of darkness as was required to produce maximum red light inhibition at the eighth hour. Although far-red light was most inhibitory when given early in a long dark period, approximately the same energy of far-red light was required to saturate the far-red response at the fourth, eighth and sixteenth hours.The results are discussed in relation to other reports of far-red inhibition of flowering in short-day plants.
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Flowering Responses of Xanthium pensylvanicum to Long Dark Periods. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 42:503-9. [PMID: 16656531 PMCID: PMC1086573 DOI: 10.1104/pp.42.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The flowering of Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. was investigated using long dark periods. Attempts were made to ascertain evidence for the involvement of a flowering rhythm in Xanthium by use of variable-dark-length and light-interruption experiments.It was found that factors such as plant height (age), partial defoliation, and various pretreatments had little effect on the general nature of the flowering response. Maximum sensitivity to red light occurred at the eighth hour of 24-, 48-, and 72-hour dark periods. Temperature had little influence on this timing. The time of maximum sensitivity was delayed to the tenth hour by a pretreatment with 8 hours of darkness followed by 6 hours of light. These properties are similar to those of Pharbitis, which showed a clear rhythmic sensitivity to red light interruptions. The possible involvement of a rapidly damping rhythm of sensitivity to red light is discussed on the basis of this similarity. A distinct flowering rhythm similar to that of soybean and Chenopodium was not found. Although the results are inconclusive with respect to a rhythm, they do indicate similarities and differences to the responses of other short-day plants in which rhythms have been demonstrated.
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Growth responses of barley seedling to simulated weightlessness induced by two-axis rotation. PLANTA 1966; 69:218-229. [PMID: 24557864 DOI: 10.1007/bf00384874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/1966] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A device used for simulated weightless studies is described and is called the Nogravatron. The Nogravatron apparatus produces simulated weight-lessness by rotating seedlings simultaneously at the rate of 0.25 rpm and 1.0 rpm in two axes perpendicular to each other. Atlas barley seedlings grown on the apparatus grew at rates different from that of stationary controls. Coleoptile elongation in rotated barley was not inhibited by light during the first 55 hours of rotation treatment whereas stationary controls were photoinhibited. After 55 hours the growth of rotated coleoptiles was inhibited by light. The coleoptiles did not show movements and were oriented along the longitudinal axis of the seed. Roots also did not show geotropic movements but the growth direction was affected by the proximity of other roots. Coleoptiles rotated in dark were significantly longer than stationary controls on the third and fourth day but not so on the fifth day and later. Coleoptiles rotated in light were about 35 percent longer than the stationary coleoptiles by the third day and maintained this significant difference to the end of the experiment.
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Effect of Far-Red Light and its Interaction with Red Light in the Photoperiodic Response of Pharbitis nil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:859-64. [PMID: 16656167 PMCID: PMC550395 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.5.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Kinetic Studies on Pigment Systems Concerned with the Photoperiodic Response in Pharbitis nil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:865-72. [PMID: 16656168 PMCID: PMC550396 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.5.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Studies on Red Light Interruption in Relation to Timing Mechanisms Involved in the Photoperiodic Response of Pharbitis nil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:852-4. [PMID: 16656165 PMCID: PMC550393 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.5.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Quantitative Assay of Photoperiodic Floral Inhibition and Stimulation in Biloxi Soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:873-81. [PMID: 16656169 PMCID: PMC550397 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.5.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Effect of Double Red Light Interruptions on the Photoperiodic Response of Pharbitis nil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 40:855-8. [PMID: 16656166 PMCID: PMC550394 DOI: 10.1104/pp.40.5.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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The Effect of Dual Perturbations on the Rhythmic Flowering Response of Biloxi Soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1964; 39:884-9. [PMID: 16656028 PMCID: PMC550186 DOI: 10.1104/pp.39.6.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Effect of Temperature and Preconditioning on Photoperiodic Response of Pharbitis nil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1964; 39:1024-30. [PMID: 16656019 PMCID: PMC550212 DOI: 10.1104/pp.39.6.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Photoperiodic Flowering Response of Biloxi Soybean in 72-Hour Cycles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1964; 39:848-56. [PMID: 16656013 PMCID: PMC550178 DOI: 10.1104/pp.39.5.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Effect of Light Quality on the Rhythmic Flowering Response of Biloxi Soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1963; 38:698-703. [PMID: 16655854 PMCID: PMC549997 DOI: 10.1104/pp.38.6.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Floral inhibition in relation to photoperiodism in Biloxi soybean. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1962; 37:785-90. [PMID: 16655729 PMCID: PMC406247 DOI: 10.1104/pp.37.6.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Abstract
The flowering response of Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr. is attenuated when the plant is rotated around a horizontal axis at the rate of 0.25 rev/min. Rotation prior to an inductive dark period has the strongest effect.
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An Unusual Stem Bending Response of Xanthium pensylvanicum to Horizontal Rotation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1962; 37:453-9. [PMID: 16655677 PMCID: PMC549815 DOI: 10.1104/pp.37.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Investigation of Hyoscyamus Niger L., A Long-Day Plant, for Endodiurnal Periodicity in Flowering Response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1960; 35:982-5. [PMID: 16655453 PMCID: PMC406070 DOI: 10.1104/pp.35.6.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Automatic Device for Controlling Lengths of Light and Dark Periods in Cycles of any Desired Duration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1960; 35:276-8. [PMID: 16655342 PMCID: PMC405956 DOI: 10.1104/pp.35.2.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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31
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Studies on the Nature of the Endogenous Rhythm Affecting Photoperiodic Response of Biloxi Soybean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1086/335992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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An Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the Flowering of Xanthium, a Short Day Plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1958; 33:101-4. [PMID: 16655085 PMCID: PMC541033 DOI: 10.1104/pp.33.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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33
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Certain Factors Influencing Expression of the Flowering Stimulus in Xanthium. Part II. Relative Contribution of Buds and Leaves to Effectiveness of Inductive Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1086/335975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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34
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Interrelations among Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Dark Period on Floral Initiation of Biloxi Soybean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1086/335955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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A Relationship between Applications of Indoleacetic Acid and the High-Intensity-Light Reaction of Photoperiodism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1086/335923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Certain Factors Influencing Expression of the Flowering Stimulus in Xanthium. Part I. Translocation and Inhibition of the Flowering Stimulus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1086/335906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Partial Reactions in the Formation of the Floral Stimulus in Xanthium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1954; 29:509-13. [PMID: 16654711 PMCID: PMC540576 DOI: 10.1104/pp.29.6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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38
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The Relative Sensitivity of Xanthium Leaves of Different Ages to Photoperiodic Induction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1954; 29:251-7. [PMID: 16654652 PMCID: PMC540507 DOI: 10.1104/pp.29.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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39
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The Intracellular Distribution of Ascorbic Acid in Turnip Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1953; 28:314-6. [PMID: 16654544 PMCID: PMC540384 DOI: 10.1104/pp.28.2.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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PHOTOTUBE-TYPE INTEGRATING LIGHT RECORDERS: A SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE OVER A FIVE-YEAR PERIOD. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1951; 26:318-30. [PMID: 16654370 PMCID: PMC437499 DOI: 10.1104/pp.26.2.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NUTRITION, SOIL FERTILITY, AND CLIMATE ON CAROTENE AND ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT OF TURNIP GREENS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1945; 20:540-72. [PMID: 16654008 PMCID: PMC437249 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.4.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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42
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46
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Histological and Microchemical Studies of the Reactions of Tomato Plants to Indoleacetic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1937. [DOI: 10.1086/334656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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