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Yi X, Vahala K, Li J, Diddams S, Ycas G, Plavchan P, Leifer S, Sandhu J, Vasisht G, Chen P, Gao P, Gagne J, Furlan E, Bottom M, Martin EC, Fitzgerald MP, Doppmann G, Beichman C. Demonstration of a near-IR line-referenced electro-optical laser frequency comb for precision radial velocity measurements in astronomy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10436. [PMID: 26813804 PMCID: PMC4737846 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important technique for discovering and characterizing planets beyond our solar system relies upon measurement of weak Doppler shifts in the spectra of host stars induced by the influence of orbiting planets. A recent advance has been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references. Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequencies and they offer extreme accuracy and spectral grasp that can potentially revolutionize exoplanet detection. Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atomic reference. In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typical astronomical grating spectrographs. Built using commercial off-the-shelf components, the instrument is relatively simple and reliable. Proof of concept experiments operated at near-infrared wavelengths were carried out at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Keck-II telescope. Laser frequency combs emit a spectrum of equally spaced peaks that can provide precise frequency references useful for astronomy. Here, the authors demonstrate a frequency comb using electro-optical modulation, which has a line spacing that is resolvable using grating spectrographs unlike the mode-locking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yi
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Vahala
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Diddams
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Ycas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Plavchan
- Department of Physics, Missouri State University, 901 S National Avenue, Springfield, Missouri 65897, USA
| | - S Leifer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Sandhu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - G Vasisht
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - P Chen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - P Gao
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Gagne
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, Washington, District of Columbia 20015, USA
| | - E Furlan
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Bottom
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E C Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M P Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Doppmann
- W.M. Keck Observatory, Kamuela, Hawaii 96743, USA
| | - C Beichman
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Knünz S, Herrmann M, Batteiger V, Saathoff G, Hänsch TW, Vahala K, Udem T. Injection locking of a trapped-ion phonon laser. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:013004. [PMID: 20867440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.013004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on injection locking of optically excited mechanical oscillations of a single, trapped ion. The injection locking dynamics are studied by analyzing the oscillator spectrum with a spatially selective Fourier transform technique and the oscillator phase with stroboscopic imaging. In both cases we find excellent agreement with theory inside and outside the locking range. We attain injection locking with forces as low as 5(1)×10{-24} N so this system appears promising for the detection of ultraweak oscillating forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Knünz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
A novel hybrid fiber taper is proposed and demonstrated as the coupler in a microsphere laser system. The pump wave and the laser emission, respectively, are more efficiently coupled to and from the sphere modes with this taper structure. A 980-nm pumped erbium-ytterbium codoped phosphate microsphere laser is demonstrated in the 1550-nm band. As much as 112microW of single-frequency laser output power was measured, with a differential quantum efficiency of 12%.
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Abstract
We present experimental results on a new method for ultrafast all-optical logic, which utilizes four-wave mixing on polarization-modulated signals. The technique allows advanced operations such as exclusive-or and three-bit addition with carry bit. Furthermore, we show that on-the-fly error-correction encoding and decoding of a simple Hamming code is achieved when these gates are used on the bits of a spectrally structured word. These gates may be suitable for logic operations in an optoelectronic front end, which moves some of the necessary computation of data to the optical domain, before detection.
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Yariv A, Nabiev R, Vahala K. Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss. Opt Lett 1990; 15:1359-1361. [PMID: 19771090 DOI: 10.1364/ol.15.001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that the incorporation of a frequency-dependent loss mechanism in a semiconductor laser can lead, in concert with the amplitude-to-phase coupling, to major reductions of the fundamental intensity and phase noise. A loss dispersion of the wrong sign, on the other hand, leads to an increase of the noise and, at a certain strength, to instability.
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