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Paquin KL, Howlett NG. Understanding the Histone DNA Repair Code: H4K20me2 Makes Its Mark. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1335-1345. [PMID: 29858375 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is a highly compact structure that must be rapidly rearranged in order for DNA repair proteins to access sites of damage and facilitate timely and efficient repair. Chromatin plasticity is achieved through multiple processes, including the posttranslational modification of histone tails. In recent years, the impact of histone posttranslational modification on the DNA damage response has become increasingly well recognized, and chromatin plasticity has been firmly linked to efficient DNA repair. One particularly important histone posttranslational modification process is methylation. Here, we focus on the regulation and function of H4K20 methylation (H4K20me) in the DNA damage response and describe the writers, erasers, and readers of this important chromatin mark as well as the combinatorial histone posttranslational modifications that modulate H4K20me recognition. Finally, we discuss the central role of H4K20me in determining if DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are repaired by the error-prone, nonhomologous DNA end joining pathway or the error-free, homologous recombination pathway. This review article discusses the regulation and function of H4K20me2 in DNA DSB repair and outlines the components and modifications that modulate this important chromatin mark and its fundamental impact on DSB repair pathway choice. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1335-45. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa L Paquin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
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Preiss MR, Cournoyer E, Paquin KL, Vuono EA, Belanger K, Walsh E, Howlett NG, Bothun GD. Tuning the Multifunctionality of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Self-Assembled Mixed Lipid Layers. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2729-2736. [PMID: 29035511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to tuning the multifunctionality of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) using mixed self-assembled monolayers of cationic lipid and anionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid. By forming stable, monodispersed lipid-coated IONs (L-IONs) through a solvent-exchange technique, we were able to demonstrate the relationship between surface charge, the magnetic transverse relaxivity (r2 from T2-weighted images), and the binding capacity of small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) as a function of the cationic-to-anionic (PEG) lipid ratio. These properties were controlled by the cationic charge and the PEG conformation; relaxivity and siRNA binding could be varied in the mushroom and brush regimes but not at high brush densities. In vitro results combining cell viability, uptake, and transfection efficiency using HeLa cells suggest that the functional physicochemical and biological properties of L-IONs may be best achieved using catanionic lipid coatings near equimolar ratios of cationic to anionic PEG-lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Preiss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Eily Cournoyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Karissa L Paquin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island , 379 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Vuono
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island , 379 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Kayla Belanger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Edward Walsh
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Institute for Brain Science, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Associate Director for MRI Physics, Brown University , Sidney E. Frank Hall, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island , 379 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Geoffrey D Bothun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , 51 Lower College Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa L Paquin
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - David A Vierra
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
| | - Niall G Howlett
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI , USA
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Shirazi AN, Paquin KL, Howlett NG, Mandal D, Parang K. Cyclic peptide-capped gold nanoparticles for enhanced siRNA delivery. Molecules 2014; 19:13319-31. [PMID: 25170952 PMCID: PMC6271229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported the synthesis of a homochiral l-cyclic peptide [WR]5 and its use for delivery of anti-HIV drugs and biomolecules. A physical mixture of HAuCl4 and the peptide generated peptide-capped gold nanoparticles. Here, [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs were tested for their efficiency to deliver a small interfering RNA molecule (siRNA) in human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. Flow cytometry investigation revealed that the intracellular uptake of a fluorescence-labeled non-targeting siRNA (200 nM) was enhanced in the presence of [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs by 2- and 3.8-fold when compared with that of siRNA alone after 24 h incubation. Comparative toxicity results showed that [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs were less toxic in cells compared to other available carrier systems, such as Lipofectamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karissa L Paquin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
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