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Pizent A, Lazarus M, Kovačić J, Tariba Lovaković B, Brčić Karačonji I, Živković Semren T, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Branović-Čakanić K, Brajenović N, Jurič A, Miškulin I, Škrgatić L, Stasenko S, Mioč T, Jurasović J, Piasek M. Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E892. [PMID: 32532134 PMCID: PMC7356311 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of maternal smoking as a source of exposure to toxic metals Cd and Pb on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, metallothionein (MT), Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn concentrations were assessed in maternal and umbilical cord blood and placenta in 74 healthy mother-newborn pairs after term delivery. Sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) was used to identify elements with the strongest impact on the SOD, GPx and MT in the measured compartments, which was then quantified by multiple regression analysis. SOD activity was lower in maternal and cord plasma, and higher in the placenta of smokers compared to non-smokers, whereas GPx activity and MT concentration did not differ between the groups. Although active smoking during pregnancy contributed to higher maternal Cd and Pb concentrations, its contribution to the variability of SOD, GPx or MT after control for other elements identified by SDA was not significant. However, an impaired balance in the antioxidant defence observed in the conditions of relatively low-to-moderate exposure levels to Cd and Pb could contribute to an increased susceptibility of offspring to oxidative stress and risk of disease development later in life. Further study on a larger number of subjects will help to better understand complex interactions between exposure to toxic elements and oxidative stress related to maternal cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Nataša Brajenović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Iva Miškulin
- University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.); (L.Š.)
| | - Lana Škrgatić
- University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.); (L.Š.)
| | - Sandra Stasenko
- Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatjana Mioč
- Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Martina Piasek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
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