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Alif SM, Benke GP, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Tran C, Ronaldson K, Walker-Bone K, Woods R, Beilin L, Tonkin A, Owen AJ, McNeil JJ. Long-term occupational exposures on disability-free survival and mortality in older adults. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:492-499. [PMID: 37948123 PMCID: PMC10756660 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of long-term occupational exposures on health in older adults is increasingly relevant as populations age. To date, no studies have reported their impact on survival free of disability in older adults. AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between long-term occupational exposure and disability-free survival (DFS), all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in initially healthy older adults. METHODS We analysed data from 12 215 healthy participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study whose mean age was 75 years. Their work history was collated with the 'ALOHA-plus JEM' (Job Exposure Matrix) to assign occupational exposures. The primary endpoint, DFS, was a composite measure of death, dementia or persistent physical disability. The secondary endpoint, mortality, was classified according to the underlying cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS A total of 1835 individuals reached the DFS endpoint during the median 4.7 years follow-up period. Both ever-high and cumulative exposure to all dusts and all pesticides during a person's working years were associated with reduced DFS. Compared to no exposure, men with high exposure to dusts and pesticides had a reduced DFS. Neither of these exposures were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Men with high occupational exposure to solvents and women exposed to dusts experienced higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Long-term occupational exposure to all dusts and pesticides was associated with a reduced DFS and increased mortality in community-dwelling healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria 3806, Australia
| | - G P Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - H Kromhout
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Vermeulen
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - K Ronaldson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - K Walker-Bone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - R Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - L Beilin
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A Tonkin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - A J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - J J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Barker AL, Morello R, Thao LTP, Seeman E, Ward SA, Sanders KM, Cumming RG, Pasco JA, Ebeling PR, Woods RL, Wolfe R, Khosla S, Hussain SM, Ronaldson K, Newman AB, Williamson JD, McNeil JJ. Daily Low-Dose Aspirin and Risk of Serious Falls and Fractures in Healthy Older People: A Substudy of the ASPREE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:1289-1297. [PMID: 36342703 PMCID: PMC9641595 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Importance Falls and fractures are frequent and deleterious to the health of older people. Aspirin has been reported to reduce bone fragility and slow bone loss. Objective To determine if daily low-dose aspirin (100 mg) reduces the risk of fractures or serious falls (fall-related hospital presentations) in healthy older men and women. Design, Setting, and Participants This substudy of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial studied older adult men and women in 16 major sites across southeastern Australia. The ASPREE-FRACTURE substudy was conducted as part of the Australian component of the ASPREE trial. Between 2010 and 2014 healthy (free of cardiovascular disease, dementia or physical disability), community-dwelling volunteers aged 70 years or older were recruited to participate in the ASPREE trial. Potentially eligible participants were identified by medical practitioners and trial personnel and were then sent a letter of invitation to participate. Interested participants were screened for suitability. Eligible participants with medical practitioner authorization and adherent to a 4-week run-in medication trial were randomized. Data were analyzed from October 17, 2019, to August 31, 2022. Interventions Participants in the intervention group received a daily dose of oral 100 mg enteric-coated (low-dose) aspirin. The control group received a daily identical enteric-coated placebo tablet. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of ASPREE-FRACTURE was the occurrence of any fracture. The secondary outcome was serious fall resulting in hospital presentation. Results In total, 16 703 people with a median (IQR) age of 74 (72-78) years were recruited, and 9179 (55.0%) were women. There were 8322 intervention participants and 8381 control participants included in the primary and secondary outcome analysis of 2865 fractures and 1688 serious falls over the median follow-up of 4.6 years. While there was no difference in the risk of first fracture between the intervention and control participants (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.06; P = .50), aspirin was associated with a higher risk of serious falls (total falls 884 vs 804; incidence rate ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33; P = .01). Results remained unchanged in analyses that adjusted for covariates known to influence fracture and fall risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this substudy of a randomized clinical trial, the failure of low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of fractures while increasing the risk of serious falls adds to evidence that this agent provides little favorable benefit in a healthy, White older adult population. Trial Registration This substudy is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000347561).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Barker
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Silverchain Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renata Morello
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie A. Ward
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerrie M. Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert G. Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Endocrine Research Unit, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sultana Monira Hussain
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Education, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathlyn Ronaldson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Center for Aging and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff D. Williamson
- Sticht Center on Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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McNeil JJ, Gibbs P, Orchard SG, Lockery JE, Bernstein WB, Cao Y, Ford L, Haydon A, Kirpach B, Macrae F, McLean C, Millar J, Murray AM, Nelson MR, Polekhina G, Reid CM, Richmond E, Rodríguez LM, Shah RC, Tie J, Umar A, Londen GJV, Ronaldson K, Wolfe R, Woods RL, Zalcberg J, Chan AT. Effect of Aspirin on Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Older Adults. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 113:258-265. [PMID: 32778876 PMCID: PMC7936068 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily low-dose aspirin (100 mg) in older adults, showed an increase in all-cause mortality, primarily due to cancer. In contrast, prior randomized controlled trials, mainly involving younger individuals, demonstrated a delayed cancer benefit with aspirin. We now report a detailed analysis of cancer incidence and mortality. Methods 19 114 Australian and US community-dwelling participants aged 70 years and older (US minorities 65 years and older) without cardiovascular disease, dementia, or physical disability were randomly assigned and followed for a median of 4.7 years. Fatal and nonfatal cancer events, a prespecified secondary endpoint, were adjudicated based on clinical records. Results 981 cancer events occurred in the aspirin and 952 in the placebo groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for all incident cancers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95 to 1.14), hematological cancer (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.30), or all solid cancers (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.15), including by specific tumor type. However, aspirin was associated with an increased risk of incident cancer that had metastasized (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.43) or was stage 4 at diagnosis (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.45), and with higher risk of death for cancers that presented at stages 3 (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.03 to 4.33) or 4 (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.64). Conclusions In older adults, aspirin treatment had an adverse effect on later stages of cancer evolution. These findings suggest that in older persons, aspirin may accelerate the progression of cancer and, thus, suggest caution with its use in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne G Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E Lockery
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leslie Ford
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Haydon
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brenda Kirpach
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Health Research Institute, Hennepin, HealthCare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Millar
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Health Research Institute, Hennepin, HealthCare, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ellen Richmond
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luz Maria Rodríguez
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raj C Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeanne Tie
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G J van Londen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathlyn Ronaldson
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Zalcberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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