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Duarte-Sanmiguel S, Salazar-Puerta AI, Panic A, Dodd D, Francis C, Alzate-Correa D, Ortega-Pineda L, Lemmerman L, Rincon-Benavides MA, Dathathreya K, Lawrence W, Ott N, Zhang J, Deng B, Wang S, Santander SP, McComb DW, Reategui E, Palmer AF, Carson WE, Higuita-Castro N, Gallego-Perez D. ICAM-1-decorated extracellular vesicles loaded with miR-146a and Glut1 drive immunomodulation and hinder tumor progression in a murine model of breast cancer. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6834-6847. [PMID: 37646133 PMCID: PMC10591940 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated immune cells play a crucial role in cancer progression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), for example, are immature innate immune cells that infiltrate the tumor to exert immunosuppressive activity and protect cancer cells from the host's immune system and/or cancer-specific immunotherapies. While tumor-associated immune cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic target, efforts to counter immunosuppression within the tumor niche have been hampered by the lack of approaches that selectively target the immune cell compartment of the tumor, to effectively eliminate "tumor-protecting" immune cells and/or drive an "anti-tumor" phenotype. Here we report on a novel nanotechnology-based approach to target tumor-associated immune cells and promote "anti-tumor" responses in a murine model of breast cancer. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) decorated with ICAM-1 ligands and loaded with miR-146a and Glut1, were biosynthesized (in vitro or in vivo) and administered to tumor-bearing mice once a week for up to 5 weeks. The impact of this treatment modality on the immune cell compartment and tumor progression was evaluated via RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and histology. Our results indicate that weekly administration of the engineered EVs (i.e., ICAM-1-decorated and loaded with miR-146a and Glut1) hampered tumor progression compared to ICAM-1-decorated EVs with no cargo. Flow cytometry analyses of the tumors indicated a shift in the phenotype of the immune cell population toward a more pro-inflammatory state, which appeared to have facilitated the infiltration of tumor-targeting T cells, and was associated with a reduction in tumor size and decreased metastatic burden. Altogether, our results indicate that ICAM-1-decorated EVs could be a powerful platform nanotechnology for the deployment of immune cell-targeting therapies to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I Salazar-Puerta
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Gene Therapy Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ana Panic
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Daniel Dodd
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlie Francis
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Diego Alzate-Correa
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Gene Therapy Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lilibeth Ortega-Pineda
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Luke Lemmerman
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Maria A Rincon-Benavides
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Gene Therapy Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Biophysics Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - William Lawrence
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Neil Ott
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The Ohio State University, William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Binbin Deng
- The Ohio State University, Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis (CEMAS), Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shipeng Wang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sandra P Santander
- Juan N. Corpas University Foundation, Center of Phytoimmunomodulation Department of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - David W McComb
- The Ohio State University, Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis (CEMAS), Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eduardo Reategui
- The Ohio State University, William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- The Ohio State University, William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William E Carson
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Gene Therapy Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Biophysics Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- The Ohio State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State University, Gene Therapy Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Biophysics Program, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Vaidyanathan S, Gamage S, Dathathreya K, Kryk R, Manoharan A, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Choi J, Park D, Park S, Soper SA. Fluidic operation of a polymer-based nanosensor chip for analysing single molecules. Flow (Camb) 2022; 2:E14. [PMID: 35936867 PMCID: PMC9356744 DOI: 10.1017/flo.2022.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most medical diagnostic tests are expensive, involve slow turnaround times from centralized laboratories and require highly specialized equipment with seasoned technicians to carry out the assay. To facilitate realization of precision medicine at the point of care, we have developed a mixed-scale nanosensor chip featuring high surface area pillar arrays where solid-phase reactions can be performed to detect and identify nucleic acid targets found in diseased patients. Products formed can be identified and detected using a polymer nanofluidic channel. To guide delivery of this platform, we discuss the operation of various components of the device and simulations (COMSOL) used to guide the design by investigating parameters such as pillar array loading, and hydrodynamic and electrokinetic flows. The fabrication of the nanosensor is discussed, which was performed using a silicon (Si) master patterned with a combination of focused ion beam milling and photolithography with deep reactive ion etching. The mixed-scale patterns were transferred into a thermoplastic via thermal nanoimprint lithography, which facilitated fabrication of the nanosensor chip making it appropriate for in vitro diagnostics. The results from COMSOL were experimentally verified for hydrodynamic flow using Rhodamine B as a fluorescent tracer and electrokinetic flow using single fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides (single-stranded DNAs, ssDNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnagowri Vaidyanathan
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sachindra Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Renee Kryk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Anishkumar Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and KU Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66106, USA
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3
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Moore JT, Wier CG, Lemmerman LR, Ortega-Pineda L, Dodd DJ, Lawrence WR, Duarte-Sanmiguel S, Dathathreya K, Diaz-Starokozheva L, Harris HN, Sen CK, Valerio IL, Higuita-Castro N, Arnold WD, Kolb SJ, Gallego-Perez D. Nanochannel-Based Poration Drives Benign and Effective Nonviral Gene Delivery to Peripheral Nerve Tissue. Adv Biosyst 2020; 4:e2000157. [PMID: 32939985 PMCID: PMC7704786 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While gene and cell therapies have emerged as promising treatment strategies for various neurological conditions, heavy reliance on viral vectors can hamper widespread clinical implementation. Here, the use of tissue nanotransfection as a platform nanotechnology to drive nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue via nanochannels, in an effective, controlled, and benign manner is explored. TNT facilitates plasmid DNA delivery to the sciatic nerve of mice in a voltage-dependent manner. Compared to standard bulk electroporation (BEP), impairment in toe-spread and pinprick response is not caused by TNT, and has limited to no impact on electrophysiological parameters. BEP, however, induces significant nerve damage and increases macrophage immunoreactivity. TNT is subsequently used to deliver vasculogenic cell therapies to crushed nerves via delivery of reprogramming factor genes Etv2, Foxc2, and Fli1 (EFF). The results indicate the TNT-based delivery of EFF in a sciatic nerve crush model leads to increased vascularity, reduced macrophage infiltration, and improved recovery in electrophysiological parameters compared to crushed nerves that are TNT-treated with sham/empty plasmids. Altogether, the results indicate that TNT can be a powerful platform nanotechnology for localized nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue, in vivo, and the deployment of reprogramming-based cell therapies for nerve repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Luke R. Lemmerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Dodd
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William R. Lawrence
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Silvia Duarte-Sanmiguel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Hallie N. Harris
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ian L. Valerio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J. Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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4
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Kong C, Hu M, Weerakoon-Ratnayake KM, Witek MA, Dathathreya K, Hupert ML, Soper SA. Label-free counting of affinity-enriched circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a thermoplastic micro-Coulter counter (μCC). Analyst 2020; 145:1677-1686. [PMID: 31867587 PMCID: PMC7350181 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01802f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coulter counters are used for counting particles and biological cells. Most Coulter counters are designed to analyze a sample without the ability to pre-process the sample prior to counting. For the analysis of rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), it is not uncommon to require enrichment before counting due to the modest throughput of μCCs and the high abundance of interfering cells, such as blood cells. We report a microfluidic-based Coulter Counter (μCC) fabricated using simple, low-cost techniques for counting rare cells that can be interfaced to sample pre- and/or post-processing units. In the current work, a microfluidic device for the affinity-based enrichment of CTCs from whole blood into a relatively small volume of ∼10 μL was interfaced to the μCC to allow for exhaustive counting of single CTCs following release of the CTCs from the enrichment chip. When integrated to the CTC affinity enrichment chip, the μCC could count the CTCs without loss and the cells could be collected for downstream molecular profiling or culturing if required. The μCC sensor counting efficiency was >93% and inter-chip variability was ∼1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- BioFluidica, Inc., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Kumuditha M Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Malgorzata A Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | | | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and BioFluidica, Inc., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. and BioEngineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047.
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5
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M. Weerakoon-Ratnayake K, Vaidyanathan S, Larkey N, Dathathreya K, Hu M, Jose J, Mog S, August K, K. Godwin A, L. Hupert M, A. Witek M, A. Soper S. Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Immunophenotyping and Cytogenetic Analysis of Rare Biological Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E519. [PMID: 32102446 PMCID: PMC7072755 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of circulating plasma cells (CPCs) and circulating leukemic cells (CLCs) as biomarkers for several blood cancers, such as multiple myeloma and leukemia, respectively, have recently been reported. These markers can be attractive due to the minimally invasive nature of their acquisition through a blood draw (i.e., liquid biopsy), negating the need for painful bone marrow biopsies. CPCs or CLCs can be used for cellular/molecular analyses as well, such as immunophenotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH, which is typically carried out on slides involving complex workflows, becomes problematic when operating on CLCs or CPCs due to their relatively modest numbers. Here, we present a microfluidic device for characterizing CPCs and CLCs using immunofluorescence or FISH that have been enriched from peripheral blood using a different microfluidic device. The microfluidic possessed an array of cross-channels (2-4 µm in depth and width) that interconnected a series of input and output fluidic channels. Placing a cover plate over the device formed microtraps, the size of which was defined by the width and depth of the cross-channels. This microfluidic chip allowed for automation of immunofluorescence and FISH, requiring the use of small volumes of reagents, such as antibodies and probes, as compared to slide-based immunophenotyping and FISH. In addition, the device could secure FISH results in <4 h compared to 2-3 days for conventional FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuditha M. Weerakoon-Ratnayake
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Swarnagowri Vaidyanathan
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Nicholas Larkey
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Mengjia Hu
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Jilsha Jose
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Shalee Mog
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Keith August
- Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Mateusz L. Hupert
- Biofluidica Inc., BioFluidica Research Laboratory, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Malgorzata A. Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (K.M.W.-R.); (K.D.); (S.M.)
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.V.); (N.L.); (M.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Biofluidica Inc., BioFluidica Research Laboratory, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Modaresi S, Pacelli S, Subham S, Dathathreya K, Paul A. Intracellular Delivery of Exogenous Macromolecules into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Double Deformation of the Plasma Membrane. Adv Therap 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Modaresi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringBioIntel Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringBioIntel Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Siddharth Subham
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringBioIntel Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Kavya Dathathreya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringBioIntel Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringBioIntel Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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