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Salgado BB, Jordão MF, de Morais TBDN, da Silva DSS, Pereira Filho IV, Salgado Sobrinho WB, Carvalho NO, Dos Santos RO, Forato J, Barbosa PP, Toledo-Teixeira DA, Pinto KR, Correia IS, Cordeiro IB, Souza Neto JND, Assunção END, Val FFA, Melo GC, Sampaio VDS, Monteiro WM, Granja F, Souza WMD, Astolfi Filho S, Proenca-Modena JL, Lalwani JDB, Lacerda MVGD, Nogueira PA, Lalwani P. Antigen-Specific Antibody Signature Is Associated with COVID-19 Outcome. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041018. [PMID: 37112998 PMCID: PMC10143282 DOI: 10.3390/v15041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity gradually increased after the first week of symptoms. Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. Generally, the IgA and total IgG response between the discharged and deceased COVID-19 patients was similar. However, significant differences in the ratio of IgG subclass antibodies were observed between discharged and deceased patients, especially towards the disordered linker region of the N protein. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Monitoring of antigen-specific serological response could be an important tool to accompany disease progression and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Forato
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Insititute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13000-000, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Paschoal Barbosa
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Insititute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13000-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Toledo-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Insititute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13000-000, Brazil
| | - Kerollen Runa Pinto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Silva Correia
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Nino de Souza Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gisely Cardoso Melo
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Granja
- Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista 69300-000, Brazil
| | - William M de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14000-000, Brazil
| | - Spartaco Astolfi Filho
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Insititute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13000-000, Brazil
| | - Jaila Dias Borges Lalwani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
| | | | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus 69000-000, Brazil
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