Application of Moringa Oleifera leaves extract cream inhibits paw edema in white male Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) induced by carrageenan 1%

Introduction: Inflammation is the body's response to body tissue injury characterized by swelling or edema. Moringa oleifera is known to have many benefits as herbal medicine. Moringa oleifera leaves have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity. The polyphenol content in Moringa leaves, such as flavonoids and tannins, has been observed as a potential anti-inflammatory.Methods: Thirty white male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group 0 (negative control group) was given base cream, group 1 (positive control) was given 2.5% hydrocortisone cream, group 2 was given 10% moringa leaves extract cream, group 3 was given 12% moringa leaves extract cream, and group 4 was given 14% moringa leaves extract cream. One hour after treatment was applied in the plantar area, all mice were induced with 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan. The thickness of the rat paw edema was measured every 1 hour for 6 hours using a caliper.Results: This study showed a significant difference in rat paw edema between the base cream and the entire treatment groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2.5% hydrocortisone cream group and the 10%, 12%, and 14% moringa leaves extract cream group (p>0.05). The 14% cream extract had the largest paw edema inhibition among other moringa leaves extract creams which were 27.4%.Conclusion: This study concludes that 10%, 12%, and 14% of moringa leaves extract cream have anti-inflammatory effects with higher concentrations resulting in better efficacy.

Association of testosterone level with melasma in men: a case-control study in Indonesia

Introduction

melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis which occurs mostly in face that caused by many factors. One of the pathogenesis of melasma in men is affected by testosterone. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and melasma in men and its association with the severity of melasma as measured by the melasma area and severity index (MASI) score.

Methods

a case-control study involving 30 subjects with melasma and 30 subjects without melasma who were treated at the outpatient clinic of Dermatovenereology of Ngoerah General Hospital from June to August 2022. Descriptive statistical analysis is to determine frequencies and percentages. Bivariate analysis was used to find any risk factor between testosterone level and melasma. Data obtained from the two groups then analyzed for correlation between the MASI score and testosterone levels.

Results

mean age of the subjects in the melasma group was 43.83±6.30 and in control group was 43.80±6.09. Mean testosterone level in the melasma group (7.55±1.77) was significantly lower than the control group (21.07±6.65; p = 0.001). Subject with testosterone level ≥8.92 nmol/L has 6.9 times risk of melasma compare to control (aOR: 6.986, 95% CI 1.905-25.622; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

low testosterone levels possibly have a role in pathogenesis of melasma in men.

Treating Aging Changes of Facial Anatomical Layers with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers

The aging process affects every anatomical layer of the face. Improved knowledge of how aging occurs in each anatomical layer of the face has helped evolve the facial rejuvenation strategies with HA fillers. Understanding the age-related changes in the anatomical facial layers, including their time of onset and how the changes occur in the different tissue layers, an injector can provide much more targeted and refined HA filler treatments. As fillers’ use has increased, there has been a distinct shift away from procedures lifting the skin and SMAS. We can selectively target the anatomical facial layers with HA fillers for more refined and predictable outcomes. An extensive range of HA filler variants is now available. Each filler type is optimized and designed to be injected into specific tissue planes for the best results. Knowing the predictable aging changes in the different tissue layers of the face is crucial as this guides the optimum filler choice. Working knowledge of the individual characteristics of the numerous HA-based products allows for their effective placement in the correct layer. Familiarity with the correct HA product may also help to minimize the downtime and risk of adverse events.