Magnetic susceptibility in the assessment of toxic heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of Inner Ambon Bay, Maluku province, Indonesia

The Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) is an important area for the economic development of the city of Ambon, one of only a few urban areas in eastern Indonesia. This study is intended to monitor the anthropogenic impact on IAB by employing combined rock magnetic and geochemical analyses on 20 samples collected from IAB and the surrounding rivers. Magnetic susceptibility values of samples in the IAB averaged 26.37× 10-8 m3/kg, which is relatively high and comparable to that of contaminated coastal environments. Magnetic susceptibility correlated positively with certain metals such as Cr, Co, Ni, and Mn but negatively with Hg. Geochemical analyses showed that Hg and Ag contents were relatively high but pose only moderate risk to the environment based on the geo-accumulation index. Furthermore, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed that there were two points that showed moderate ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) outlined that the metallic accumulation in the sediments of IAB was related to lithological, geological, and anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, oil spills and household waste are likely major reasons for anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the IAB.

A rare case of type 2 Kounis syndrome secondary to iodinated contrast

Immune-mediated acute coronary syndrome, also known as Kounis syndrome (KS), is an underrecognized and challenging diagnosis. In this case report, we present a case of cardiac arrest secondary to iodinated contrast allergy requiring emergent cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic support secondary to type 2 KS. KS necessitates a high index of clinical suspicion by the treating physician in order to address both the hypersensitivity reaction and its cardiac implications.

Learning objectives

Kounis syndrome (KS) is a clinically distinct entity from anaphylaxis; managing KS in the same way as anaphylaxis can worsen cardiac demand and ischemia. In addition, KS may present as coronary vasospasm or plaque rupture; regardless, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should be performed as worse outcomes have been described in cases where PCI is not performed or delayed.

Volunteer-led online group exercise for community-dwelling older people: a feasibility and acceptability study

BACKGROUND

Despite the clear benefits of physical activity in healthy ageing, engagement in regular physical activity among community-dwelling older adults remains low, with common barriers including exertional discomfort, concerns with falling, and access difficulties. The recent rise of the use of technology and the internet among older adults presents an opportunity to engage with older people online to promote increased physical activity. This study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of training volunteers to deliver online group exercises for older adults attending community social clubs.

METHODS

This was a pre-post mixed-methods study. Older adults aged ≥ 65 years attending community social clubs who provided written consent and were not actively participating in exercise classes took part in the feasibility study. Older adults, volunteers, and staff were interviewed to determine the acceptability of the intervention. The intervention was a once weekly volunteer-led online group seated strength exercises using resistance bands. The duration of the intervention was 6 months. The primary outcome measures were the feasibility of the intervention (determined by the number of volunteers recruited, trained, and retained, participant recruitment and intervention adherence) and its acceptability to key stakeholders. Secondary outcome measures included physical activity levels (Community Health Model Activities Programme for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire), modified Barthel Index, Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), frailty (PRISMA-7) and sarcopenia (SARC-F), at baseline and 6 months.

RESULTS

Nineteen volunteers were recruited, 15 (78.9%) completed training and 9 (47.3%) were retained after 1 year (mean age 68 years). Thirty older adults (mean age 77 years, 27 female) participated, attending 54% (IQR 37-67) of exercise sessions. Participants had no significant changes in secondary outcome measures, with a trend towards improvement in physical activity levels (physical activity in minutes per week at baseline was 1770 min, and 1909 min at six months, p = 0.13). Twenty volunteers, older adults, and staff were interviewed and found the intervention acceptable. The seated exercises were perceived as safe, manageable, and enjoyable.

CONCLUSIONS

Trained volunteers can safely deliver online group exercise for community-dwelling older adults which was acceptable to older adults, volunteers, and club staff.

TRIALS REGISTRATION

NCT04672200.

Transtubular Transoral Approach for Irreducible Ventral Craniovertebral Junction Compressive Pathologies: Surgical Technique and Outcome

Introduction

To investigate the use of a tubular retractor to provide access to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) sparing the soft palate with the aim of reducing complications associated with traditional transoral approach but yet allowing adequate decompression of the CVJ.

Materials and methods

Twelve consecutive patients with severe myelopathy (JOA-score less than 11) from ventral CVJ compression were operated between 2014-2020 using a tubular retractor assisted transoral decompression.

Results

All patients improved neurologically statistically (p=0.02). There were no posterior pharynx wound infections or rhinolalia. There was one case with incomplete removal of the lateral wall of odontoid and one incidental durotomy.

Conclusions

A Tubular retractor provides adequate access for decompression of the ventral compression of CVJ. As the tubular retractor pushed away the uvula, soft palate and pillars of the tonsils as it docked on the posterior pharyngeal wall, the traditional complications associated with traditional transoral procedures is completely avoided.

Poverty related diseases amongst Malaysia's low-income community: a review

Poverty, as proven by several studies, is a driving force behind poor health and hygiene practices. This review attempts to outline common communicable and non-communicable diseases that disproportionately affect Malaysia's 2.91 million low-income households. The current study also looks into the government's housing and healthcare programmes for this demographic to improve their health and well-being. The initial examination yielded incredibly little research on this marginalised community, with event reporting typically generalised to the Malaysian community as a whole rather than analysing disease incidences based on household income, which would better reflect povertydriven diseases. As a result, there is an acute need for more accurate information on the epidemiology of diseases among the poor in order to address this public health issue and provide conclusions that can drive policy designs.

1323 VOLUNTEER-LED ONLINE GROUP EXERCISE FOR OLDER ADULTS: A FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY STUDY

Introduction

The health benefits of physical activity for older people are well recognised and include reduction in falls, improvement in frailty status and physical function. Nonetheless, physical inactivity remains a significant problem among older adults. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing online volunteer-led group exercise for community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This pre-post mixed methods study was conducted among older adults attending community social clubs. Eligible participants were aged ≥ 65 years, able to walk independently, and able to provide written consent. The intervention consisted of a once weekly volunteer-led online group chair-based exercise. The primary outcomes were the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes included physical activity levels measured using the Community Health Model Activities Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, functional status (Barthel Index), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Trials registration: NCT04672200.

Results

Nineteen volunteers were recruited, 15 completed training and 9 were retained (mean age 68 years, 7 female). Thirty participants (mean age 77 years, 27 female) received the intervention and attended 54% (IQR 37-67) of exercise sessions. One minor adverse event was reported. Participants had no significant changes in secondary outcome measures, with a trend towards improvement in physical activity levels. The intervention was acceptable to volunteers, participants, and staff. The seated exercises were perceived as safe, manageable and enjoyable. Volunteers were relatable role models providing positive vicarious experiences that improved participants confidence to exercise within a friendly, non-judgmental environment. Technological issues, or reluctance to learn how to use technology were barriers to the intervention. The social interactions and sense of belonging motivated participation.

Conclusions

Trained volunteers can safely deliver online group exercise for community-dwelling older adults and the intervention was feasible and acceptable to older adults, volunteers and club staff.

1221 A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY EXPLORING THE TREATMENT BURDEN IN PEOPLE WITH PARKINSON’S AND THEIR CAREGIVERS

Introduction

Treatment burden is the workload of healthcare and its impact on patient well-being and functioning. High treatment burden in other long-term conditions is associated with poor health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the extent and levels of treatment burden among people with Parkinson’s (PwP) and their caregivers, and explore modifiable factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey using the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) to measure treatment burden was conducted among adults (age >18 years) diagnosed with Parkinson’s or self-identified caregivers of someone with Parkinson’s. Factors associated with medium/high treatment burden levels on the MTBQ were analysed using logistic regression.

Results

190 valid responses were received: 160 PwP (mean age = 68years, 52% female), 30 caregivers (mean age = 69years, 73% female) with or caring for PwP with all stages of Parkinson’s severity (Hoehn and Yahr staging). Nearly half of PwP had frailty or multimorbidity. High treatment burden was reported by 21% of PwP and 50% of caregivers. Lifestyle changes was the most difficult aspect of treatment burden for both PwP and caregivers. Arranging appointments, seeing many healthcare professionals and taking multiple medications frequently contributed to the treatment burden reported by PwP and caregivers. Medium/high treatment burden was associated with PwP who were frail, had a higher number of non-motor symptoms, and took medications more than three times a day. Worsening Parkinson’s severity and limited health literacy had increased odds of medium/high treatment burden levels in PwP. Female caregivers, those caring for someone with Parkinson’s who experienced memory issues, and caregivers with poorer mental health well-being scores were associated with medium/high treatment burden.

Conclusions

PwP and caregivers experienced substantial treatment burden. Providing them support with enacting recommended lifestyle changes, streamlining healthcare appointments, addressing polypharmacy and frequency of medications, and improving health literacy may help reduce the treatment burden in Parkinson’s.

Moving a youth trauma support group online: participatory adaption, usability and pilot test

Background

Posttraumatic stress poses a significant threat to a young person’s development. Internet-based delivery could ameliorate barriers to care, but has mostly been tested with adults. This project aimed to (i) adapt the group intervention Teaching Recovery Techniques for online delivery through a participatory process, (ii) investigate the usability of the online format and (iii) pilot the new format.

Methods

Adaption recommendations were generated through participatory workshops with service users and providers, and consultation with an advisory panel with professionals and parents. Usability testing was conducted with intervention leaders (n = 5) and youth (n = 5). The public involvement in the project was assessed through a multi-method approach including behavioural observations, questionnaires and field notes. A pilot study (n = 14) is ongoing.

Results

The workshops focused on safety, participation and learning. Recommendations included an emergency response protocol, communication strategies, and guidance on intervention delivery. Whilst the advisory panel largely agreed, points of disagreement included workshop ideas around personalisation, where the panel conveyed the importance of consistency in manualised interventions. Usability testing highlighted the need for explicit guidance, particularly on safety processes.

Conclusions

Online delivery of trauma group support requires adaptions to ensure positive group dynamics, learning and safety. Yet, some adaptions resulting from the usability testing were also relevant to the original format, pointing to the need for more extensive use of usability testing across intervention manuals. The young people, parents and professionals involved in the project provided rich and varied perspectives, illustrating the value of broad stakeholder engagement. The ongoing pilot study explores the feasibility of online delivery, including youth perceptions of the format.

Key messages

• The varied perspectives in the participatory process highlighted the importance of broad stakeholder engagement for interventions to be equally evidence-based and adapted to the target population.

• The current pilot study explores the feasibility of online delivery, including youth perceptions of the format, in order to assess the potential for scale up.

Gender differences with the use of percutaneous left ventricular assist device in cardiogenic shock patients – results from the Dresden Impella Registry

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a state of end-organ hypoperfusion due to cardiac output failure and is characterized by high mortality. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD), like the Impella® system, support the left ventricular function and provide a sufficient oxygen supply to all tissues, which might improve outcome. In the current study, we investigated gender-specific differences in a large, propensity score matched cohort of patients receiving an Impella CP® in CS. Beside all-cause mortality, we focused on requirement of hemodialysis and surrogate parameters like development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), or sepsis, which is known to be associated with enhanced morbidity and mortality.

Methods

The Dresden Impella Registry is an ongoing registry including more than 650 patients since 2014. Among, a total of 95 female and 237 male patients received an Impella CP® in CS. Two groups of similar sample size (n=60) resulted after propensity score matching. A logistic regression model was used for adjustment of the baseline characteristics (nearest neighbor matching). Kaplan-Meier curves at 30, 180 and 365 days as well as clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters were compared between male and female patients.

Results

The propensity score matched cohorts showed a well balancing without significant differences between baseline characteristics. At time of admission, female patients were 68.9±1.8 years old, male patients 67.2±1.5 years. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before pLVAD was performed in 53.3% in both groups. The comparison of mean arterial pressure, norepinephrine and dobutamine dosage showed no differences initially and in course. The left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between both cohorts (♀ 28.6±2.3% vs. ♂ 26.7±1.7%, p=0.885). The duration of left ventricular unloading was 44.1±6.5 h among female patients and 56.0±7.3 h among male patients (p=0.119).

The all-cause mortality showed no difference at 30, 180, and 365 d (30 d: ♀ 61.7±6.3% vs. ♂ 56.7±6.4%, p=0.349; 180 d: ♀ 73.3±5.7% vs. ♂ 68.3±6.0%, p=0.312; 365 d: ♀ 76.7±5.5% vs. ♂ 70.0±5.9%, p=0.312).

However, hemodialysis was less frequently required in female patients (♀ 28.3% vs. ♂ 45.8%, p=0.049). The duration of hemodialysis did not differ between the groups (♀ 123.9±57.8 h vs. ♂ 108.1±56.3 h, p=0.744). Furthermore, occurrence of SIRS and sepsis were less frequently observed in female patients (SIRS ♀ 45.0% vs. ♂ 75.0%, p=0.042; sepsis ♀ 43.3% vs. ♂ 62.7%, p=0.034).

Conclusion

All-cause mortality showed no gender-specific differences in a well-balanced propensity score matched analysis of CS patients receiving LV-unloading with a pLVAD. However, females had a decreased requirement of hemodialysis and a less frequent occurrence of SIRS and sepsis. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these differences might improve outcome in larger cohorts.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Prognostic relevance of mitral regurgitation at different follow-up timepoints after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): implications for therapeutic decision making?

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has developed rapidly in the last decade and is now recommended as state-of-the-art treatment for elderly patients suffering from severe symptomatic degenerative aortic stenosis (AS). The extent of mitral regurgitation (MR) following TAVI is likely to be of prognostic relevance. This raises the question whether treating MR following TAVI improves outcome of patients with significant MR.

Purpose

The current study was aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of MR at different follow-up (FU) timepoints after TAVI in a prospective real-world single-center registry study.

Methods

A total of 445 patients with severe AS, which were treated by transfemoral TAVI, were included and a wide range of clinical, laboratory, functional and imaging parameters were prospectively assessed. Mortality was recorded at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years after TAVI. Complete FU data including echocardiography were available at 6 to 8 weeks (n=334) as well as 6 months (n=235) after TAVI.

Results

All patients (mean age: 78.7±7.3 years, 52% female, mean STS score: 5±3.9%) were successfully treated by transfemoral TAVI using balloon- or self-expanding prostheses and showed mortality rates of 3.6% after 30 days, 16.4% after 1 year and 22.6% after 2 years. Moderate or severe (relevant) MR was detectable in 39% of the patients at baseline, in 27% of patients after 6 weeks (p=0.001) and in 28% of patients after 6 months (p=0.036, compared to baseline). Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of 2-year mortality: clinical frailty scale and PAPsys at 6 to 8 weeks post-TAVI as well as BNP and relevant MR 6 months post TAVI. Among those parameters, MR after 6 months was the strongest predictor of long-term mortality (OR 3.192, CI 0.971–10.487, p=0.056). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis displayed significantly worse 2-year survival rates in patients suffering from relevant MR at 6 months (12.1% versus 4.8%, p=0.042).

Conclusions

Taken together, this real-life single-center experience underlines the prognostic value of relevant MR 6 months after TAVI with respect to long-term survival. Interestingly, MR was not predictive at the 6 to 8 weeks FU suggesting that early remodeling includes MR with prognostic relevance in those patients. Whether MR treatment, e.g., by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, will improve patient outcomes post-TAVI has to be tested in prospective trials.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Tricuspid regurgitation and atrial fibrillation at baseline independently predict two-year survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the accepted state-of-the-art treatment for elderly patients suffering from severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). Co-morbidities at baseline are of great impact not only for individual peri-procedural risk stratification but also for the determination of long-term prognosis. The latter is of certain clinical interest, since a variety of co-existing disorders can be effectively treated in addition to TAVI.

Purpose

The current study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of a wide range of baseline characteristics and co-morbidities with respect to long-term survival of TAVI patients in a prospective real-world single-center registry study.

Methods

A total of 445 patients with severe AS, which were treated by transfemoral TAVI, were included. A wide range of clinical, laboratory, functional and imaging parameters were prospectively assessed at baseline prior to TAVI. Mortality was recorded at 30 days, 1 year and 2 years after TAVI.

Results

The mean age of patients in this typical TAVI cohort was 78.7±7.3 years, 52% were female and the mean STS score was 5±3.9%. The mortality rates were as follows: 3.6% after 30 days, 16.4% after 1 and 22.6% after 2 years. Multivariate analysis could identify the following independent predictors of 2-year mortality assessed at baseline: sex, age, AS entity other than high-gradient, atrial fibrillation (Afib), renal function, relevant TR, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAPsys) and six-minute walk distance (SMWD). Among those, the strongest predictive value could be shown for Afib (OR 2.505, CI 1.509–4.157, p<0.001) and TR (OR 2.179, CI 1.105–4.299, p=0.025). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis displayed significantly worse 2-year survival rates in patients suffering from relevant TR (31.6% versus 17.4%, p<0.001) and Afib (29.4% versus 14.8%, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Taken together, the results of the current study demonstrate the prognostic value of cardiovascular co-morbidities assessed prior to TAVI. We identified relevant TR and Afib as the strongest independent predictors of long-term mortality in our cohort. Since both conditions are effectively treatable, special emphasis should be placed on the question, which patient might benefit from treatment, e.g., by transcatheter edge-to-edge repair of TR or rhythm control, in addition to TAVI.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung, Research Program “Else Kröner-Forschungskolleg AntiAge”

979 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OLDER ADULTS’ PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF QUALITATIVE STUDIES

Introduction

Despite the myriad advantages associated with physical activity (PA), older adults are often insufficiently active to maximise health benefits. Understanding factors that influence engagement in PA will support practitioners in providing well-designed interventions for older people. Our aim was to review the qualitative evidence exploring the factors affecting older adult’s engagement in PA.

Method

Four electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were community-dwelling older adults (≥70 years), and studies including qualitative method. Exclusion criteria were studies examining a single disease group, individuals with cognitive impairment, care home residents, and PA interventions. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to assess methodological rigour. Framework synthesis using the COM-B model was applied to analyse data, and the GRADE-CERQual approach was used to assess confidence in findings. (PROSPERO: CRD42021160503).

Results

Twenty-one studies were included in the review. Participants (N = 3,955; mean age 78.9 years) included 64% female and 36% male older adults. Most studies were methodologically rigorous (17/21 scored ≥8 CASP). We identified 32 themes mapped against the COM-B framework (16 high confidence). Older adult’s perceived capability was influenced by their functional capacity, illness symptoms and perceived risk of injury from PA. PA was motivated by identifying as an ‘exerciser’, health gains and positive emotions (e.g. enjoyment), while negative sensations reduced motivation (e.g. pain). Opportunity was impacted by the weather, the environment ‘fit’, and the availability of social interaction during PA. Moreover, social opportunity was impacted by socio-cultural ageing stereotypes and discourses, influencing older adults’ PA through media outlets, social norms, and self-stigma.

Conclusion

The review found a complex web of interacting factors that influenced older people’s PA between the sub-domains of capability, motivation, and opportunity. Future initiatives to increase PA in older adults should focus on social influences, environmental barriers, and physical limitations.

Abstract 87: Comparative Outcomes Of TAVR In African Americans Versus Non-African Americans

Introduction: African Americans (AA) experience more postoperative complications compared to non-African Americans (NAA) after certain procedures. Few studies compare clinical outcomes between AA and NAA post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Our aim is to further explore racial disparities among TAVR patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from March 2018-November 2020 of a major academic center and affiliated Veterans Affairs hospital in Chicago, IL identified all TAVR patients. Participants self-identified by race and were stratified into AA and NAA groups. The primary outcome was 3-point composite major adverse cardiac outcomes (MACE) (all cause death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident). Secondary outcomes included major differences in comorbidities, creatinine, baseline mean gradient, congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbations, and hospital admissions. Outcomes were analyzed at 6- and 12-months post TAVR.

Results: We included 151 patients in the analysis; 22% female, 65% were non-AA (44.7% white, 16.4% Hispanic, and 3.9% other) and 35% AA. They were 74 +/- 14 years old for the AA and 74 +/- 10 years old for non-AA. At 6 months (AA:15.1% v NAA:8.1%; p=.2) and at 12 months (AA:22.6% v NAA:16.2%; p=.3), there was no difference in MACE between the two populations. At 6 months post TAVR, AA were more likely to have a CHF exacerbation compared to NAA (AA:15.1% v NAA:3.1%; p=.007) despite a similar prevalence of heart failure at baseline, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and smoking. AA were found to have a higher baseline mean gradient when compared to NAA (AA: 36.2 v NAA:31.9 mmHg; p=.049). Creatinine at time of procedure was higher in AA when compared to NAA (Cr: 2.37 vs. 1.49 mg/dL; p=.015) and AA trended towards higher rates of end stage renal disease compared to NAA (AA:22.6% v NAA:11.1%; p=.059).

Conclusion: We observed significant disparities between AA and their NAA counterparts. While both groups had similar rates of composite MACE events post TAVR at 6 and 12 months, AA tend to be a higher risk post-operative population. AA were more likely to have CHF exacerbations and were evaluated for TAVR at a later stage in their disease course.

Abstract 89: Temporary Pacing And Clinical Outcomes In The Tavr Patient

Introduction: Transvenous pacemaker (TVP) use during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is routinely utilized to rapid pace the ventricle to assist in valve deployment and treat conduction abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients who had their TVP left in place post procedure as compared to those patients where the TVP was removed in the operating room.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records for TAVR patients from 2018-2020 at the University of Illinois Hospital was conducted. These patients were placed into two groups: Those with TVP left in place and those without TVP. Patients with a pacemaker prior to procedure were excluded (11). Primary outcomes included composite MACE (all-cause mortality, MI, or CVA) at 6 months and 12 months. Secondary aims included length of stay (LOS) and ICU length of stay (ILOS).

Results: A total of 138 patients were included for analysis. Of this population, 78% (109) were male, 54% (71) non-white, and mean age of 75+/- 12 years old. TVP was left in post procedure for 41 patients (29%). When comparing patients with TVP in place post procedure and those without, there was no difference in 6-month composite MACE (4.9% vs 13.4%, p=0.14). This was redemonstrated at 12 months (9.8% vs 22.6% p=0.076). There was no significant difference in LOS (2.88 vs 2.82 p=0.92). ILOS was significantly longer for those with TVP in place vs. those without (0.63 vs 0.08 days, p=0.006).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that a TVP left in place is not significantly associated with composite MACE. Though presence of a TVP is associated with longer ICU stay it is not associated with longer total LOS. We noted that those with TVP in place post procedure did have lower percentage of composite MACE however the reasons for this trend are unclear. The prognostic implication of TVP left in place post TAVR remains to be determined. Further evaluation into the relationship of TVP and clinical outcomes should be investigated to better understand the clinical significance of this practice.

Abstract 85: Evaluation Of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Prescribing In Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair

Background: The benefits of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in heart failure (HF) are well established, but the optimization of GDMT prior to and following transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) remains understudied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate GDMT use pre-and post-TEER.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the electronic health records from 2019 to 2021 at the University of Illinois at Chicago of patients that underwent TEER. Patients were included if they had follow-up records within 6 months and a baseline ejection fraction (EF) < 50%. Demographic information, vitals, labs, and pertinent echocardiogram information were obtained at baseline and 6 months. GDMT doses were collected at baseline, discharge, 30 days, 3, and 6 months.

Results: In total, 20 patients were included: 15 were male (75%) and 19 were non-white (95%). The average age was 66.8 years old (range 32.8-86.5). Past medical history was significant for 19 with hypertension (95%) and 15 with hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and smoking history, respectively (75%). Pre-procedure mean blood pressure and heart rate were 123/74 mmHg and 81 bpm. Average creatinine was 1.66 ± 0.94 mg/dL and 1.10 ± 0.97 mg/dL at baseline and 6 months, respectively. A total of 9 patients (45%) had functional mitral regurgitation, 11 (65%) had primary or degenerative mitral regurgitation. A total of 6 patients (30%) had 11 readmissions for acute decompensated HF, 2 patients died, and 1 patient’s EF improved to > 50% by 6 months. GDMT is described in Table 1. No patients were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusion: GDMT for patients pre-and post-TEER procedure is neither prescribed nor titrated effectively. Further investigation will focus on confounding factors affecting prescribing patterns and titrations. Our findings demonstrate a continued opportunity for quality improvement in GDMT optimization during TEER hospital admission and follow-up visits.

Abstract 79: The Impact Of Left Atrial And Left Ventricular Size On TAVR Outcomes

Introduction: In severe aortic stenosis, left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) enlargement are common physiologic sequelae but their prognostic value in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) outcomes is still being investigated. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of left atrial and ventricular size on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following TAVR.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from 2018-2020 at the University of Illinois at Chicago and affiliated Veterans Affairs identified TAVR patients. The cutoff for normal LA diameter was <4.0 cm. Normal LV systolic diameter was <4.1 cm and an enlarged LV based on dilated systolic LV diameter. Primary outcomes included composite MACE (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident) at 6- and 12- months post TAVR. MACE was then stratified based on the number of dilated left-sided chambers.

Results: We included 134 patients in the analysis. The study population was 81% (109 of 134) male, 56% (75 of 134) non-white, and 74 ± 12 years old. Patients that experienced MACE at 6 months were found to have a larger systolic LV diameter (3.9 vs 3.3 cm, p=0.02). MACE was stratified based on the number of dilated chambers (neither, LA or LV, both) and was found to be significant at 6 months (4.1% to 10.4% and 35.3% p=0.002) but not at 12 months (12.2% vs 19.1% vs 35.3% p=0.11). Patients with increased LA size (4.8 vs. 4.1 cm; p=0.001) had higher rates of MACE, specifically with respect to mortality (p=0.007). When comparing patients with an enlarged LA (4.8 cm) to normal-sized LA (<4.0 cm), there was no statistically significant difference in ejection fraction <50% (16.7% vs 14.5% of patients, respectively; p=0.8) or enlarged diastolic LV diameter (4.5 vs. 4.6 cm; p=0.7).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with an enlarged LA or LV may have an increased risk for mortality and composite MACE following procedure at either 6- or 12-months even when controlling for confounding factors such as depressed LV or enlarged diastolic LV diameter. Our study suggests LA and LV size should be considered in risk stratifying patients prior to TAVR.

Prevalence and Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in North-Central, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Metabolic syndrome contributes to the burden of non-communicable diseases and is a growing public health problem in both developed and developing countries. We determined the prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among adults in Benue State, North-Central, Nigeria to guide targeted interventions.

METHODS

We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Benue State, North-Central, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 823 respondents. We defined metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III guideline and adapted a component of the WHO Stepwise questionnaire for data collection. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the associated risk factors were estimated using Chi square test and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.

RESULTS

The mean age of the respondents was 40.1± 15.7 years. Most of the respondents were literate (86.8%) and married (67.0%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 19.4%. One in every four of the respondents had pre-metabolic syndrome (25.6%) and this was more in females (28.2%) compared to males (22.9%). Thirty-four percent of the respondents had only one whereas 20.7% did not have any of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Age [aOR:10.3; 95%CI: 4.8-22.2], sex [aOR:2.4; 95% CI: 1.7-3.5] and education [aOR:2.9; 95%CI: 1.4-6.1] were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome among the respondents.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high. The associated risk factors were age, gender and educational status. Therefore, interventions should be targeted at young adults to reduce the long-term impact of the disease.

Effect of pH extraction buffer on antioxidant enzymes activities in water lily’s leaves and petioles

Water lily (Nymphaea antares) is one of the most valuable aquatic ornamental plants which has bright potential in the floriculture industry. It may be useful as an urban ecosystem and as a source of medicinal compounds. Due to its potential to become a new value-added product in the food industry, water lily (N. antares) was investigated in this study. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the nutritional content and antioxidant activity in water lily leaves and petioles with different pH extraction buffers. Water lily extract was obtained using three different pH extraction buffers, Tris buffer at pH 6.8, pH 7.1 and pH 7.8. The heat capacity of the extract was analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and different functional groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal denaturation of the leaves sample was detected at 81.84°C. The antioxidant enzymes activities including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the leaves and petioles of water lily. In leaves, PPO activity was found to be higher in samples with pH 7.1 of the extraction buffer while there were no significant differences for activities of CAT, POX and SOD in all samples. In petioles, PPO and POX activity were found to be higher in samples with pH 7.8 and 7.1 of extraction buffer, respectively. Thus, the study found that a pH range of 7 to 9 extraction buffers did not greatly affect most of the analysis performed.

The impact of establishing a regional infective endocarditis (IE) network on pre-operative IE-related complications and on post-operative outcome

Background

Infective endocarditis (IE) requires a high degree of suspicion and advanced level of multidisciplinary management. In 2015, the European guidelines recommended the formation of an endocarditis-team (ET) for optimal treatment of IE. In 2011, we already established an ET within the hospital that was only consulted on demand for certain patients. Since 2015, ET has been increasingly involved in the management of almost all patients with IE. In addition, we established in 2015 a statewide endocarditis- (E) network for the referring hospitals.

Purpose

We investigated the effect of E-network on reducing referral latency and pre-operative IE-related complications. We also investigated the adherence to the ET management recommendations in our hospital and its impact on post-operative stroke and mortality.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from patients operated for IE in our center between 01/2007 and 03/2018. We conducted univariate analysis using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, Multivariate logistic regression models for in-hospital mortality and post-operative stroke, and Kaplan-Meier estimate of 5-years survival.

Results

Among 630 patients operated for IE in our center, 409 (65%) underwent surgery in the 1st era before 12/2014. S. aureus IE was more frequent in the second era (34% vs 25%, p&lt;0.001). The median time from the onset of symptoms to referral in the 2nd era was halved compared to the first one [7 days (IQR 2–19) vs 15 days (IQR 6–35)]. Patients in the 2nd era were admitted with less IE-related complications, i.e. less preoperative stroke (14% vs 27%, p&lt;0.001), less heart failure (45% vs 69%, p&lt;0.001) less cardiac abscesses (24% vs 34%, p=0.018), less acute renal insufficiency requiring hemodialysis (8% vs 14%, p=0.026). The lack of ET management recommendations was an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.27–3.53, p=0.004) and post-operative stroke (adjusted OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.12–4.39, p=0.02), and was associated with worse 5-years survival (59% compared to 40%, log rank&lt;0.001).

Conclusion

Endocarditis-network led to earlier referral of patients, which resulted in less IE-related complications on admission. Lack of ET management recommendations was an independent predictor for post-operative stroke, in-hospital mortality and was associated with worse 5-years survival.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2

Prevalence of some hepatitis B virus markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Specialist Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria.

METHODS

The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections.

RESULTS

Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p= 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p> 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general.

Identification of yeasts in different rubber leaf (Hevea brasiliensis) clones and their effects on the physical properties of fermented glutinous rice tapai

Tapai is one of the most popular traditional desserts in Malaysia and other Asian countries. Traditionally, tapai is wrapped in a rubber leaf to enhance the smell and increase its palatability. The study focused on identifying the yeasts present before and after the production of glutinous rice tapai wrapped in different rubber leaves clones, namely RRIM 2025, RRIM 2002, PB 260 and PB 350. The identification of the yeast was carried out using API 20C AUX test strips for all rubber leaves clones, glutinous rice tapai wrapped in RRIM 2025, RRIM 2002, PB 260, PB 350 and in a container (control). The results showed that Crytococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 2, Candida famata, Rhodotorula minuta were present in rubber leaf clones. While the yeasts that had been identified in tapai wrapped in rubber leaf were Candida guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 2, Candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon mucoides and only C. guilliermondii was found in the container. The physical properties of the tapai that are wrapped in rubber leaves have a difference in texture, pH value and total soluble solids content compared to the control sample. The tapai sample wrapped in RRIM 2025 and RRIM 2002 had a high total soluble solid content of 45.8±0.14% and 45.78±0.16% °Bx, respectively. Meanwhile, the control sample has the highest pH value and the hardest rice kernels, which were 4.71±0.05 and 218.19±25.39 N, respectively. The results showed that the different yeasts present in the rubber leaf may cause changes in the physical properties of glutinous rice tapai.

Effect of different extraction solvents on antioxidant properties of water lily (Nymphaeaceae antares) flower petal and stamen

Water lily (Nymphaeaceae antares) contains a vast array of phenolic compounds with important natural antioxidative properties that could inhibit the adverse effects of the reactive oxygen species produced in living things. These substances are complex in composition which requires a suitable extraction medium to exploit the phenolic compounds. This study was designed to determine the antioxidative properties in petal and stamen of water lily extracted using different extraction solvents namely ethyl acetate and 60% methanol. Antioxidant properties of the samples were determined using 2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC) along with individual flavonoids content using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The yield of extract was found to be the highest in petals extracted with 60% methanol (44.55±1.63%) while stamen extracted with ethyl acetate yielded the lowest (24.50±1.09%). In the DPPH inhibition method, petal extracted with ethyl acetate obtained the highest scavenging activity (89.15±3.62%). FTC analysis revealed that ethyl acetate extract of petal experienced the highest percentage inhibition (76.70±6.48%) while in TBA analysis ethyl acetate extract of stamen exhibited the highest percentage inhibition (70.78±1.39%). Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, p-coumaric acid and myricetin were found to be present in ethyl acetate and 60% methanol extracts of water lilies stamen and petal. The information from this study indicates that water lily petals and stamens may be integrated as a good source of nutrients in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry. If the advantages of water lily are not used and integrated into everyday life for health benefits, it will be a massive waste of natural resources.

Volunteer-led physical activity interventions to improve health outcomes for community-dwelling older people: a systematic review

Background

Physical activity (PA) is important for older people to maintain functional independence and healthy ageing. There is strong evidence to support the benefits of physical activity interventions on the health outcomes of older adults. Nonetheless, innovative approaches are needed to ensure that these interventions are practical and sustainable.

Aim

This systematic review explores the effectiveness of volunteer-led PA interventions in improving health outcomes for community-dwelling older people.

Methods

Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane library) were systematically searched for studies using trained volunteers to deliver PA interventions for community-dwelling older people aged ≥ 65 years. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to included study heterogeneity.

Results

Twelve papers describing eight studies (five papers reported different outcomes from the same study) were included in the review. All eight studies included strength and balance exercises and frequency of PA ranged from weekly to three times a week. Volunteer-led exercises led to improvements in functional status measured using the short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, Barthel Index, single leg stand, step touch test, chair stand test, and functional reach. Frailty status identified by grip strength measurement or the use of long-term care insurance improved with volunteer-led exercises. Interventions led to improvement in fear of falls and maintained or improved the quality of life. The impact on PA levels were mixed.

Conclusion

Limited evidence suggests that volunteer-led PA interventions that include resistance exercise training, can improve outcomes of community-dwelling older adults including functional status, frailty status, and reduction in fear of falls. More high-quality RCTs are needed to investigate the effects of volunteer-led PA interventions among older people.

20 Comparison of Six Frailty Screening Tools in Patients Aged 65+ with An Arm Fragility Fracture

Introduction

Frailty is associated with an increased risk of falling and fracture, but not routinely assessed in fracture clinic. Early identification and management of frailty among older people with arm fragility fracture could help avoid further falls and fractures, especially of the hip. We evaluated the feasibility of assessing frailty in a busy fracture clinic.

Methods

People aged 65+ years with an arm fracture in one acute trust were recruited. Frailty was assessed in fracture clinics using six tools: Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP), FRAIL scale, PRISMA-7, electronic Frailty Index (e-FI), Clinical Frailty Score (CFS), and Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF). The sensitivity and specificity of each tool was compared against FFP as a reference. Participants identified as frail by 2+ tools were referred for Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA).

Results

100 patients (mean age 75 years±7.2; 20 men) were recruited. Frailty prevalence was 9% (FRAIL scale), 13% (SOF), 14% (CFS &gt; 6), 15% (FFP; e-FI &gt; 0.25), and 25% (PRISMA-7). Men were more likely to be frail than women. Data were complete for all assessments and completion time ranged from one minute (PRISMA-7; CFS) to six minutes for the FFP which required most equipment. Comparing with FFP, the most accurate instrument for stratifying frail from non-frail was the PRISMA-7 (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 87%) while the remaining tools had good specificity (range 93%–100%) but average sensitivity (range 40%–60%). Twenty patients were eligible for CGA. Five had recently had CGA and 11/15 referred were assessed. CGA led to 3–6 interventions per participant including medication changes, life-style advice, investigations, and onward referrals.

Conclusion

It was feasible to assess frailty in fracture clinic and to identify patients who benefitted from CGA. Frailty prevalence was 9%—25% depending on the tool used and was higher among men. PRISMA-7 could be a practical tool for routine use in fracture clinics.

154 The Feasibility of Assessing Sarcopenia Among Older People with Arm Fracture Using Different Criteria

Introduction

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia often co-exist (osteo-sarcopenia) and both are associated with increased risk of falls and fractures. Early identification and treatment of sarcopenia among older people with fragility arm fractures could prevent further fractures. This study evaluated the feasibility of assessing sarcopenia in a fracture clinic.

Methods

People aged 65+ years with arm fracture attending fracture clinics in one acute trust were recruited. Sarcopenia was assessed using gait speed, grip strength with unfractured arm (hand dynamometer using appropriate cut off adjusted for age and gender), skeletal muscle mass index SMI (Bioimpedance BIA), SARC-F questionnaire, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) I and II criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of each measure was calculated against the EWGSOP II criteria as the standard reference.

Results

100 patients (Mean age 75 years±7.2; 80 female) were recruited. Sarcopenia was identified among 4% (EWGSOP I), 5% (SMI), 13% (EWGSOP II), 16% (gait speed test), 18% (SARC-F) and 39% (grip strength) and was more prevalent among men. SARC-F had the best sensitivity and specificity (100% and 96% respectively) when compared to the EWGSOP II criteria. Sensitivity and specificity for the remaining measures were respectively (100%, 71%) for grip strength, (75%, 94%) for gait speed, (25%, 97%) with SMI and (25%, 99%) for EWGSOP I. Time needed to complete the assessments was 1–2 minutes for gait speed, grip strength and SARC-F; five minutes for BIA test, and nine minutes when EWGSOP I and II criteria were applied. Data were complete for grip strength and SARC-F. Missing data was reported among 2% for gait speed, 8% for BIA test, 8% for EWGSOP II and 10% for EWGSOP I.

Conclusion

It was feasible to assess sarcopenia in fracture clinics and SARC-F was a quick, simple and sensitive tool suitable for routine use.

39 The Experiences of Treatment Burden Among People with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers: A Systematic Review

Introduction

Treatment burden is the “workload of healthcare and its impact on patient functioning and well-being”. High treatment burden may lead to non-adherence to treatment regimens, poor health outcomes, poor quality of life and wasted healthcare resources. Treatment burden among people with Parkinson’s (PwP) and their caregivers has not been previously explored.

Methods

Using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and PsychInfo), we conducted a systematic review of studies published since 2006 when the first National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guideline for Parkinson’s Disease was published. This allows an understanding of the impact of current healthcare systems on treatment burden. We included qualitative and mixed-method studies with a qualitative component that reported data from PwP and/or caregivers. Quantitative studies, qualitative data from clinical trials not related to usual care and grey literature were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data. Data analysis was conducted using framework analysis.

Results

1757 articles were screened, and 39 included in this review. Understanding treatment burden among PwP and their caregivers was not the primary aim in any of the included studies. They described the experiences of those living at home and during hospital or care home admissions. Issues with medications (adherence to advice, effectiveness, side-effects and timing), obtaining appropriate levels of information and healthcare provision (lack of integrated care, care coordination and person-centred approach) were among factors that exacerbate treatment burden experienced by PwP and caregivers. Both reported the impact of Parkinson’s on their daily lives, physical and mental exhaustion of self-care and limitations on their role and social activities.

Conclusion

This review describes considerable treatment burden experienced by PwP and their caregivers and its major influences including aspects of current healthcare provision. Future research should focus on patient-centred care with service redesign to improve this treatment burden.

15 What Influences Loss of Appetite in Older People? A Qualitative Study

Introduction

Appetite loss in older people is common and associated with malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty. Management of appetite loss may prevent these health burdens but currently no effective clinical interventions exist. This is partly due to lack of knowledge about influences on appetite perceived by older individuals. These views may provide novel avenues for intervention on appetite loss. Aim: To understand older individual’s perceptions of influences on appetite loss.

Method

Semi-structured qualitative interviews with men and women aged ≥65 years, living in their own home, were audio-recorded and transcribed. Reflexive thematic analysis, with inductive coding, generated themes with data examples.

Results

13 individuals (8/13 female, 4/13 living alone) were recruited. Accounts of influences on appetite were grouped into three themes: physical, psychological and external factors. The physical theme related to a physical state of ageing, using energy and being active, and physical symptoms, illness and treatment. The psychological theme explained the influence of mood or wellbeing, the appeal of food, and reward in the activity of cooking. External factors related to influences of other people, coping with life experiences and transitions, and perceptions of health. Influences were perceived to impact on appetite loss in distinct ways, via a physical feeling of fullness (physical theme), or creating a negative experience with food and eating (psychological and external themes). Individuals tended to have either a physical or psychological focus. Importantly, illness and its treatment impacted on both appetite loss narratives.

Conclusions

A number of influences on appetite are described by older individuals, relating to their physical and psychological self, and social and environmental factors. These seem to impact on appetite loss in distinct ways, by precipitating either a physical feeling of fullness, or a negative experience with food and eating. Identifying factors affecting an individual’s appetite could facilitate person-centred approaches to management.

Can probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics improve functional outcomes for older people: a systematic review

Aim

To review current evidence on whether probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics improve functional outcomes for older people.

Findings

There is limited evidence that probiotics might improve cognition in older people with pre-existing cognitive impairment. There is little evidence for benefit of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on physical function, frailty, mood, mortality or length of hospital admission among older people, although the 18 studies identified for the review were heterogeneous and these functional outcomes were largely secondary outcomes.

Message

More robust research with larger studies, consistency of interventions and clear assessment of confounding variables (such as diet, co-morbidities and medications) is needed to evaluate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on functional outcomes in an older population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00396-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Purpose

Research evaluating the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics (PPS) on laboratory markers of health (such as immunomodulatory and microbiota changes) is growing but it is unclear whether these markers translate to improved functional outcomes in the older population. This systematic review evaluates the effect of PPS on functional outcomes in older people.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the effect of PPS in older adults on functional outcomes (physical strength, frailty, mood and cognition, mortality and receipt of care). Four electronic databases were searched for studies published since year 2000.

Results

Eighteen studies (including 15 RCTs) were identified. One of five studies evaluating physical function reported benefit (improved grip strength). Two analyses of one prebiotic RCT assessed frailty by different methods with mixed results. Four studies evaluated mood with no benefit reported. Six studies evaluated cognition: four reported cognitive improvement in participants with pre-existing cognitive impairment receiving probiotics. Seven studies reported mortality as a secondary outcome with a trend to reduction in only one. Five studies reported length of hospital stay but only two peri-operative studies reported shorter stays.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence that probiotics may improve cognition in older people with pre-existing cognitive impairment but no clear evidence of benefit of PPS on physical function, frailty, mood, length of hospitalisation and mortality. Larger studies with more homogenous interventions, accounting for confounding factors, such as diet, co-morbidities and medications, are required. There is currently inadequate evidence to recommend PPS use to older people in general.

PROSPERO registration number

PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020173417. Date of PROSPERO registration: 01/05/20.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00396-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Performance of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature

Due to the carbon dioxide emission arising from the production of cement, alternative concrete that is environmentally friendly such as metakaolin geopolymer concrete have been developed. However, the performance of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete (MKGC) when exposed to aggressive environment particularly elevated temperature has not been investigated. Therefore, this paper assessed the performance of MKGC exposed to elevated temperatures. MKGC cube specimens of grade 25 were produced using a mix ratio of 1:1.58:3.71.After preparing the specimens, they were placed in an electric oven at a temperature of 60oC for 24 hours. Thereafter, the specimens were stored in the laboratory at ambient temperature for 28 days. The specimens were then exposed to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800oC. After exposure to elevated temperatures, the MKGC specimens were subjected to compressive strength, water absorption and abrasion resistance tests. Results show that at 600 and 800oC, the MKGC lost a compressive strength of 59.69% and 71.71% respectively. Higher water absorption and lower abrasion resistance were also observed. Keywords: Cement, Compressive Strength, Metakaolin Concrete, Elevated Temperature.

Population-based prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adults in Benue State, Nigeria

Background

The increasing prevalence of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Aim

To determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Benin state, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1265 adults selected by multistage sampling technique. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 23.0 (IBM). We estimated prevalence and odds of hypertension at 5% level of significance.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was 35.6%. The odds of hypertension was higher among age 30-39 (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3-3.1) compared to age 18-29 years, males (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) compared to females, overweight (aOR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.6-3.2), and obesity (aOR: 4.9; 95%CI: 3.2-7.7) compared to normal weight, and high cholesterol (aOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) compared to normal cholesterol.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension was high among young adults in Benue State. The associated risk factors for hypertension were age, sex, overweight, obesity, and high total cholesterol.

CD11b expression on monocytes and data of inflammatory parameters after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in dependence of early mortality

An inflammatory systemic reaction is common after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). We recently reported about an involvement of Mon2-monocytes, the CD11b expression on monocytes and parameters of systemic inflammation before TAVI correlating with early mortality after TAVI. Here, we provide data of monocyte subpopulations, CD11b expression and parameters of a systemic inflammation in dependence of three-month mortality after TAVI. With this, we provide further insights into inflammatory mechanism after TAVI. The data were collected by flow-cytometric quantification analyses of peripheral blood in 120 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI (on day 1 and 7 after TAVI). Monocyte-subsets were identified by their CD14 and CD16 expression and monocyte-platelet-aggregates (MPA) by CD14/CD41 co-expression. The extent of monocyte activation was determined by quantification of CD11b-expression (activate epitope). Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin were measured using the cytometric bead array method or standard laboratory tests. Additionally, we report procedural outcomes in dependence of three-month mortality. Furthermore, correlations of CD11b-expression on monocytes with parameters of platelet activation or further inflammatory parameters are presented. For further interpretation of the presented data, please see the research article “Mon2-Monocytes and Increased CD-11b Expression Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation are Associated with Earlier Death” by Pfluecke et al.[1]

92 Relocation in Care Homes (RICH) Study: The Experience of Different Stakeholders

Introduction

In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes.

Methods

In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes.

Results

Seven themes were identified and organised under three stages: pre-move (communication and involvement; preparation for the move; and attitudes towards the move), day-of-the-move (organisation of the move), and post-move (environmental change and impact; staff organisation and management; and settling in). Family and staff members reported that the pre-move information provided was inconsistent and staff did not feel involved in the planning and design process. Pre-move visits and staff and family support were beneficial for residents’ preparation for the move. All participants expressed sadness about the closure, and reported apprehension about moving. The moving day felt disorganised and stressful to staff who had to spread between the two homes. Post-move, the new care home was perceived by many participants as a ‘hotel’ rather than a home. Its larger size and confusing layout impacted negatively on residents and staff. New staff and changes in management structure were perceived by the different stakeholders to cause increased staff workload. Residents adjusted variably to the new home, with family support and staff continuity of care proving to be facilitators.

Conclusions

Despite extensive planning, relocation and adjustment was challenging. Recommendations for future relocations include: increasing involvement of staff in the planning and design of the home; ensuring consistent communication and organising staff rotas to maintain continuity of care.

110 Participants and Volunteer Host Experiences of First Steps Course for Those Newly Diagnosed with Parkinson’s: A Qualitative Study

Introduction

People with Parkinson’s (PwP) and their caregivers often report poor diagnosis experiences and a lack of information, support and control over Parkinson’s. First Steps is a two-day course delivered by volunteers with Parkinson’s, which aims to help those newly diagnosed and their caregivers face the future positively and take control of Parkinson’s. This study aimed to capture the views and experiences of participants and volunteer hosts of First Steps, and evaluate if it meets those aims.

Methods

Using purposive sampling, twelve participants comprising four PwP, five caregivers and three volunteer hosts were recruited. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

Course participants found First Steps informative, supportive, and helpful in feeling more positive about Parkinson’s. Participants were reassured by the hosts having Parkinson’s, despite prior concerns regarding seeing people who might have more advanced Parkinson’s. Some found First Steps more relatable than other support services and reported that the course complemented clinician-led courses as the content was aimed at caregivers as well as PwP, with variation in information delivery techniques. Among the PwP and caregivers, two thirds reported a lack of control over Parkinson’s and some felt First Steps had improved their control. Hosts felt they had control over Parkinson’s and perceived their role to be both challenging and rewarding.

Conclusions

First Steps was perceived as a helpful course, offering information and support for those newly diagnosed and their caregivers in a positive and non-clinical environment. Volunteer hosts felt more control over Parkinson’s than other participants, but there was evidence that the course helped some experience more control. Suggested course improvements included: additions to the presentation content with more emphasis on taking control, and offering group follow up sessions. This will inform current expansion across the UK.

Treatment of colorectal cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results from a prospective Nigerian hospital registry

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Mortality for CRC is improving in high income countries, but in low and middle income countries, rates of disease and death from disease are rising. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the ratio of CRC mortality to incidence is the highest in the world. This study investigated the nature of CRC treatment currently being offered and received in Nigeria.

METHODS

Between April 2013 and October 2017, a prospective study of consecutively diagnosed cases of CRC was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical features, and treatment recommended and received was recorded for each case. Patients were followed during the study period every 3 months or until death.

RESULTS

Three hundred patients were included in our analysis. Seventy-one percent of patients received a recommended surgical operation. Of those that didn't undergo surgery as recommended, 37% cited cost as the main reason, 30% declined due to personal reasons, and less than 5% absconded or were lost to follow up. Approximately half of patients (50.5%) received a chemotherapy regimen when it was recommended, and 4.1% received radiotherapy when this was advised as optimal treatment. With therapy, the median overall survival for patients diagnosed with stage III and stage IV CRC was 24 and 10.5 months respectively. Overall, we found significantly better median survival for patients that received the recommended treatment (25 vs 7 months; P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

A number of patients were unable to receive the recommended treatment, reflecting some of the burden of untreated CRC in the region. Receiving the recommended treatment was associated with a significant difference in outcome. Improved healthcare financing, literacy, training, access, and a better understanding of tumor biology will be necessary to address this discrepancy.

Poor Appetite Is Associated with Six Month Mortality in Hospitalised Older Men and Women

OBJECTIVES

Appetite loss is common in hospitalised older individuals but not routinely assessed. Poor appetite in hospital has previously been identified as predictive of greater mortality in the six months following discharge in a single study of female patients. The present study aimed to assess this association in a larger sample including both hospitalised men and women.

DESIGN

Longitudinal observational study with six month follow up.

SETTING

Acute hospital wards in a single large hospital in England.

PARTICIPANTS

Older inpatients aged over 70 years.

MEASUREMENTS

Appetite was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) during hospital stay. Deaths during six month follow-up period were recorded. Association between SNAQ score during hospital admission and death 6 months post-discharge was assessed using binary logistic regression in unadjusted and adjusted analysis.

RESULTS

296 participants (43% female, mean age 83 years (SD 6.9)) were included in this study. Prevalence of poor appetite (SNAQ score <14) was 41%. In unadjusted analysis a SNAQ score of <14 was associated with a 2.47 increase in odds of mortality at six months (OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.27,4.82)). This association remained after adjusting for number of comorbidities (Charlson index), length of stay and gender (OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.30, 5.27)). In unadjusted continuous analysis, every one point decrease in SNAQ score led to a 1.20 fold increase in odds of mortality at six months (OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06-1.36)). This association remained in adjusted analysis (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.39)).

CONCLUSION

Poor appetite is common in hospitalised older people. We have confirmed the association, previously reported in older women, between poor appetite during hospital stay and greater mortality at six months post-discharge but in a larger study including older men and women. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of poor appetite, which lead to increased mortality.

4314Cardiac involvement of Wilsons disease

Background

Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from abnormal copper metabolism. Relatively little is known about the effects of copper accumulation on the heart.

Objective

We aimed to determine if patients with Wilson's disease show signs of cardiac involvement and structural heart disease.

Methods

In this prospective trial, we studied 61 patients with Wilson's disease and compared them to 61 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Results

While left ventricular function assessed by global longitudinal and global radial strain did not differ significantly between the groups, Wilson's disease patients had significantly reduced global radial strain (table 1).

Wilson's disease patients demonstrated significantly more late gadolinium enhancement than the control patients (4.9±1.4 vs. 1.1±0.2% p<0.001).

The severity of Wilson's disease, based on the Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale, was significantly correlated with the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (r=0.53, P=0.001), cardiac troponin (r=0.56, P=0.001), the number of premature ventricular contraction (r=0.66, P=0.001).

Table 1. Myocardial strain and CMR characteristics of patients and controls Parameter Patients (n=61) Controls (n=61) p value Left ventricular parameters   GLS, % −22.8 (4.8) −21.8 (5.1) 0.124   GRS, % 43.2 (13.2) 51.6 (13.8) 0.002   GCS, % −29.2 (5.2) −28.6 (4.7) 0.534 Late gadolinium enhancement   LGE, %* 4.9 (1.4) 1.1 (0.2) 0.003   LGE at RVIP, n (%) 58 (95) 3 (5) <0.001   Midwall LGE, n (%) 11 (18) 0 <0.001 Right ventricular parameters   GLS, % −23.6 (4.9) −26.1 (5) 0.01 Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR)*, or n (%) unless otherwise stated. GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; GCS, global circular strain; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; RIVP, right ventricular insertion point.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that cardiac involvement in Wilson's disease is possible and those patients who are severely affected by the disease carry a higher risk of developing structural heart disease.

P3711Impact of peri-device leakage after interventional occlusion of the left atrial appendage: Results from the ORIGINAL registry (saxOnian RegIstry analyzinG and followINg left atrial Appendage cLosure)

Background

Oral anticoagulation for prophylaxis of central and peripheral embolisation is limited in its use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding events. As an alternative to anticoagulation, the interventional closure of the left atrial appendage (LAAO) is available. A common clinical dilemma is the treatment of patients with potential peri-device leakage following LAA occlusion. The specific definition of the severity of the leak and the long-term clinical implications have not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Methods

The multi-centre ORIGINAL registry was initiated 2014. The aim of this registry is to analyze the safety and efficacy of the procedure in patients with a high risk of bleeding in everyday clinical practice and to evaluate hemorrhagic and thromboemb. events in the long term follow-up. Patients with an indication for LAA occl. were included in the registry after informed consent. The impl., follow-up and anticoagulation regimens are performed according to the standard of the participating centers. 521 patients with AF underwent an implantation of an LAA closure device between Jul. 2014 and Nov. 2018. A mean follow-up of 463 days could be reached in 386 patients.

Results

The periprocedural complication rate was 3.8% of which 5 patients experienced pericardial effusion (successful treatment with pericardial puncture or surgical), 2 patients had periprocedural stroke and 1 patient suffered from air embolism. In 27 patients a peri-device flow due to incomplete occlusion was detected by TEE (5.4% of the implantations). The size ranged between 1 and 8 mm (mean 2.28 mm (SD=2.11)). The eccentricity index (EI) of the LAA in these patients was 1.22 (SD 0.17), and thus the LAA rather oval, while those LAA without leakage tend to be more circular (EI 1.08 with SD=0.17). 2 of the patients with leakage (7.4%) experienced stroke or peripheral embolism, respectively. The annual risk for stroke/TIA/peripheral embolism of these patients was 5.84%, the annual risk of the patients without leakage was 2.04%. Patients with a leakage >6 mm were treated with rivaroxaban in full therapeutic dosage. One patient underwent an additional procedure.

Conclusion

The evaluation and management of para-device leakage after an interventional LAA occlusion represents a challenge. Currently, limited data are available on the optimal strategy. Those data indicate that residual peri-device flow into the LAA after percutaneous closure with the Watchman device represents no cause for alarm. However, our data suggest, that patients with peridevice leak might be at a higher risk of thromboembolic events. Furthermore, it could be shown, that these patients had rather oval ostium of the LAA, while those LAA without leakage tend to be more circular. This implicates the importance of advanced imaging methods, such as 3D-TEE, which are capable to precisely determine the size of the LAA and the degree of its circularity.

Acknowledgement/Funding

None