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Cobalt Compensator-Based IMRT for Gynecologic Cancer Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Equivalence to LINAC-Based IMRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S81. [PMID: 37784582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Cobalt intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has the potential to impact global oncology by improving access to precision radiation therapy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and a novel compensator-based machine has been developed. Previously, cobalt compensator-based IMRT and LINAC-based IMRT were shown to achieve similar target goals and dose constraints for head and neck clinical cases. Additionally, the fidelity of those calculations was supported by Monte Carlo simulations and gamma analysis. The current study investigates the use of cobalt compensator IMRT for another application - gynecologic cancer patients. MATERIALS/METHODS A commercial treatment planning system was previously commissioned for the cobalt compensator-based device using Monte Carlo simulations from a simulation toolkit. Patient-specific compensators were modeled. Clinical gynecologic cancer cases were planned and compared to clinical plans with a 6MV LINAC using IMRT. The prescribed dose was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Dosimetric plan quality endpoints for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) were compared. Parametric t-testing was used for statistical analysis, and criteria for significance was p<0.05. RESULTS Dose statistics of 10 cases showed similar target coverage and normal tissue sparing between IMRT plans using a 6 MV LINAC and using a cobalt compensator-based device. Greater than 95% of the dose to greater than 95% of the PTV was achieved for all 10 cases using both the LINAC-based and cobalt compensator-based plans. There was no significant difference in the mean percentage of the PTV receiving 95% of the dose between LINAC-based and cobalt compensator-based plans (98.0 ± 1.88% vs 97.1 ± 1.90%, respectively, p = 0.313). Additionally, both the LINAC-based and cobalt compensator-based plans, for all 10 cases, met dose constraints for the OARs, including Spinal Cord Dmax < 4500 cGy, Kidney Dmean < 1800 cGy, Bladder Dmax < 5750 cGy, Rectum Dmax < 5500 cGy, Small Bowel Dmax < 5400 cGy, Bone Marrow V4000 < 37%, and Femoral Heads Dmax < 5000 cGy. CONCLUSION Cobalt compensator-based IMRT may provide comparable quality treatment plans to LINAC-based IMRT for gynecologic cancer patients. Physical development of the cobalt compensator device has been completed and will be commissioned for further research to assess clinical outcomes.
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Initial Experience with the Commercial Electron FLASH Research Extension. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S141-S142. [PMID: 37784362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The purpose of this study was to introduce a new commercial electron FLASH system that has the potential to become widely available for FLASH researchers globally. In this study, we first present the initial acceptance and commissioning tests for the FLASH system, and second, we highlight preliminary FLASH effect results from our cell studies. MATERIALS/METHODS A linear accelerator was converted into a commercial research platform with the FLASH Research Extension, enabling the generation of a powerful 16 MeV electron FLASH beam. The dosimetric and stability tests were conducted using various dosimeters (i.e., radiochromic film, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs), and a plane-parallel ionization chamber). To evaluate the FLASH effect, normal and cancer cell lines were FLASH irradiated using different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) of 18 pulses/s and 180 pulses/s. RESULTS The electron FLASH mode was able to generate over 1 Gy per pulse at the isocenter and a dose rate of up to 690 Gy/s near the accessory mount of the Linac gantry head. The charge collected by the plane-parallel ionization chamber at the highest PRF (i.e., 180 pulses/s) showed a linear relationship with the delivered number of pulses (i.e., 1 to 99 pulses) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. The absorbed dose measured using radiochromic film and OSLDs agreed within 3%, on average, and followed an inverse square law as the source-to-axis distance (SAD) varied for which the R2 values were 0.9972 and 0.9955 for radiochromic film and OSLDs, respectively. The profile of the FLASH beam was symmetrical but was not as flat as the conventional 16 MeV electron beam due to the use of a thinner custom scattering foil to reduce the degradation of the ultra-high dose rate. The depth-dose curve beyond the build-up region for the FLASH beam was similar to the conventional 16 MeV electron beam for which the range at 50% the maximum dose (R50) agreed within 0.5 mm. The FLASH beam output remained consistent over a 4-month period with a variation of 2.5%, on average. The FLASH sparing effect was observed in vitro for healthy human pancreatic cells. Furthermore, we observed that the highest PRF beam (180 pulses/s) was more effective at destroying pancreatic cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells compared to the lowest PRF beam (18 pulses/s). CONCLUSION The novel commercial FLASH Research Extension system was dosimetrically characterized for pre-clinical FLASH research, and preliminary in vitro results demonstrated the FLASH effect. Given the prevalence of linear accelerators, this new commercial system has the potential to greatly increase the access to FLASH research.
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Commissioning and Initial Validation of Commercial Treatment Planning System for the Electron FLASH Research Extension. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e702-e703. [PMID: 37786060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of commissioning the 16 MeV electron FLASH beam in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) for pre-clinical research purposes. The delivery system consisted of a new commercial solution for which a linear accelerator was modified into a FLASH Research Extension platform. Additionally, preliminary radiation biology results were highlighted to showcase the future use of this system. MATERIALS/METHODS To commission a commercial electron Monte Carlo (MC) for dose calculation of a 16 MeV FLASH beam in the TPS, radiochromic film was used to measure the vendor-required beam data, e.g., profiles and percent depth dose (PDD) curves for cone sizes of 6 × 6 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 15 × 15 cm2 as well as an in-air profile for a 40 × 40 cm2 open field (no cone). Once the electron MC beam model was generated, additional measurements were collected for validation and compared against the calculated dose from the TPS. A treatment planning comparison between the newly commissioned FLASH beam and the conventional electron beam was conducted. Specifically, the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for target volumes and organs at risk were investigated for skin cancer cases previously treated with conventional electron beams. Lastly, the FLASH dose distribution predicted by the electron MC for an in vitro cell study setup was validated with radiochromic film measurements, and initial radiobiology tests were conducted using FLASH and conventional dose-rate electron beams. RESULTS The electron MC calculated dose for the 16 MeV electron FLASH beam agreed with measured PDDs within 1% for all field sizes. The beam profile characteristics, such as penumbra, shape, and full width at half maximum, demonstrated good agreement with less than 0.5 mm difference between the TPS and measurements. There were noticeable differences in the profiles of large fields between the FLASH and conventional dose-rate beam models due to the more forward-peaked FLASH beam. For treatment planning, Regarding DVH, the FLASH dose-rate plan provided comparable plan quality to the conventional dose-rate plan, achieving adequate coverage for the target volumes and sparing the healthy organs and tissues. The electron MC dose prediction for the FLASH beam was also found to be in good agreement with the film measurements of the in vitro cell study setup. Furthermore, the FLASH beam was observed to be more effective with a 20 % increase in killing pancreatic cancer cells compared to the conventional dose rate. CONCLUSION The study successfully incorporated the 16 MeV electron FLASH Research Extension into the commercial TPS using electron Monte Carlo for dose calculation. This will be valuable for pre-clinical cell and animal studies. This research also enables FLASH treatment planning studies, a key component for the future implementation of FLASH into clinical care. Further research is necessary to incorporate the radiation biology effect of FLASH into the treatment planning system.
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Multi-Organ Transplantation in Hiv-Positive Recipients - Patient Characteristics and Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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The Utility and Characteristics of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Suspected Chronic Allograft Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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The Hemodynamic Effects of Pump Speed Adjustments in Patients with Heartmate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Heart Transplant Recipients with Coronary Allograft Vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Clinical Utility of Donor Derived Cell-Free DNA in the Multiorgan Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Heart Transplant Recipients with a History of Congenital Heart Disease. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Evaluation of Donor Derived Cell-Free DNA in ABO Mismatched Heart Transplant Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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The Effect of Preservation Modality on Myocardial Injury - A Single Blinded Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Against All Odds - Transplanting Against 100% Reactive Antibodies and the Role of Non-Invasive Monitoring. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Cancer Survivors Following Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Heart Transplant Recipients Bridged with Left Ventricular Assist Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Donor-Derived Cell-Free Dna in Heart Transplant Recipients with Microvascular Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Persistently Elevated Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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The Effect of Persistently Elevated Dd-Cfdna with De-Novo Donor Specific Antibody on Heart Transplant Recipients Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Characteristics and Outcomes of Multiple Cardiac Re-Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Understanding Wavelength-Dependent Synergies between Morphology and Photonic Design in TiO 2-Based Solar Powered Redox Cells. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:11-21. [PMID: 36660095 PMCID: PMC9841569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solar powered redox cells (SPRCs) are promising for large-scale and long-term storage of solar-energy, particularly when coupled with redox flow batteries (RFBs). While efforts have primarily focused on heterostructure engineering, the potential of synergistic morphology and photonic design has not been carefully studied. Here, we investigate the wavelength-dependent effects of light-absorption and charge transfer characteristics on the performance of gold decorated TiO2-based SPRC photoanodes operating with RFB-compatible redox couples. Through an in-depth optical and photoelectrochemical characterization of three complementary TiO2 microstructures, namely nanotubes, honeycombs, and nanoparticles, we elucidate the combined effects of nanometer-scale semiconductor morphology and plasmonic design across the visible spectrum. In particular, thin-walled TiO2 nanotubes exhibit a ∼ 50% increase in solar-to-chemical efficiency (STC) compared to thick-walled TiO2 honeycombs thanks to improved charge transfer. Au nanoparticles both increase generation and interfacial charge transfer (above bandgap) and promote hot carrier injection (below bandgap) leading to a further 25% increase in STC. Overall, Au/TiO2 nanotubes achieve a high photocurrent at 0.098 mA/cm2 and an excellent STC of 0.06%, among the highest with respect to the theoretical limit. The incident photon to current efficiency and internal quantum efficiency are also superior to those of bare TiO2 showing maximum values of 54.7% and 67%, respectively. Overall, nanophotonic engineering that synergistically combines morphology optimization and plasmonic sensitization schemes offer new avenues for improving rechargeable solar-energy technologies such as solar redox flow batteries.
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Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO-Virgo data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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LB921 Role of VivaScope ® 2500 in skin pathology: Advantages, limitations, and future prospects. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational waves from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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W111 Assessment of synergistic effect of various antimicrobial combinations on extensively drug-resistant (XDR) acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Postoperative Phone Calls after Benign Gynecologic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Aortic Insufficiency Following Heartmate 3 Implant in Patients on Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Six-Month Outcomes of Heart Transplant Recipients Infected by COVID-19. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [PMCID: PMC7979377 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Custom plating of nanoscale semiconductor/catalyst junctions for photoelectrochemical water splitting. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1997-2004. [PMID: 33443521 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting under harsh chemical conditions can be promoted by dispersed transition metal nanoparticles electrodeposited on n-Si surfaces, without the need for classical protection layers. Although this method is simple, it only allows for poor control of metal morphology and geometry on the photoanode surface. Herein, we introduce templated nanoscale electrodeposition on photoactive n-Si for the customization of nanoscale inhomogeneous Schottky junctions and demonstrate their use as stable photoanodes. The photoelectrochemical properties of the so-manufactured photoanodes exhibit a strong dependence on the photoanodes' geometrical features, and the obtained experimental trends are rationalized using simulation.
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3:27 PM Abstract No. 130 Hospitalization and complication rates following radiation segmentectomy versus microwave ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract No. 532 Comparative efficacy of transarterial embolization versus transarterial embolization plus microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma 3 to 5 cm in size. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Association between PIK3CA mutation status and development of brain metastases in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz242.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Polarization of Λ (Λ[over ¯]) Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:132301. [PMID: 31697517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Λ (Λ[over ¯]) hyperon polarization along the beam direction has been measured in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, for the first time in heavy-ion collisions. The polarization dependence on the hyperons' emission angle relative to the elliptic flow plane exhibits a second harmonic sine modulation, indicating a quadrupole pattern of the vorticity component along the beam direction, expected due to elliptic flow. The polarization is found to increase in more peripheral collisions, and shows no strong transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence at p_{T} greater than 1 GeV/c. The magnitude of the signal is about 5 times smaller than those predicted by hydrodynamic and multiphase transport models; the observed phase of the emission angle dependence is also opposite to these model predictions. In contrast, the kinematic vorticity calculations in the blast-wave model tuned to reproduce particle spectra, elliptic flow, and the azimuthal dependence of the Gaussian source radii measured with the Hanbury Brown-Twiss intensity interferometry technique reproduce well the modulation phase measured in the data and capture the centrality and transverse momentum dependence of the polarization signal.
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Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:132302. [PMID: 31697545 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.132302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2 GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.05 GeV/c in the 60%-80% collision centrality class. This noteworthy enhancement cannot be explained by hadronic production accompanied by cold and hot medium effects. In addition, the dN/dt distribution of J/ψ for the very low p_{T} range is presented for the first time. The distribution is consistent with that expected from the Au nucleus and shows a hint of interference. Comparison of the measurements to theoretical calculations of coherent production shows that the excess yield can be described reasonably well and reveals a partial disruption of coherent production in semicentral collisions, perhaps due to the violent hadronic interactions. Incorporating theoretical calculations, the results strongly suggest that the dramatic enhancement of J/ψ yield observed at extremely low p_{T} originates from coherent photon-nucleus interactions. In particular, coherently produced J/ψ's in violent hadronic collisions may provide a novel probe of the quark-gluon plasma.
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Azimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top Energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:172301. [PMID: 31107064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The first (v_{1}^{fluc}), second (v_{2}), and third (v_{3}) harmonic coefficients of the azimuthal particle distribution at midrapidity are extracted for charged hadrons and studied as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) and mean charged particle multiplicity density ⟨N_{ch}⟩ in U+U (sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV), Au+Au, Cu+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR detector. For the same ⟨N_{ch}⟩, the v_{1}^{fluc} and v_{3} coefficients are observed to be independent of the collision system, while v_{2} exhibits such a scaling only when normalized by the initial-state eccentricity (ϵ_{2}). The data also show that ln(v_{2}/ϵ_{2}) scales linearly with ⟨N_{ch}⟩^{-1/3}. These measurements provide insight into initial-geometry fluctuations and the role of viscous hydrodynamic attenuation on v_{n} from small to large collision systems.
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Protocol Endomyocardial Biopsy beyond Six Months - It's Time to Move On. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract PD4-04: Role of breast MRI in predicting pathologically negative nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cN0 patients in the I-SPY2 trial. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd4-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer patients with triple negative (TN) and HER2+ disease and breast pathological complete response (breast pCR), low rates of nodal positivity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have been demonstrated. In these patients, the omission of surgical axillary staging has been proposed. However, this information is not routinely known preoperatively. We aimed to validate the correlation between pathologic breast response and pathologic nodal status, and evaluate the relationship between response of the breast tumor on MRI and pathologic nodal status after NAC in cN0 patients in the I-SPY2 trial.
Methods
We identified all patients with cT1-4 cN0 breast cancer prior to NAC from graduated arms of the I-SPY2 trial, a prospective neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial. Absence of residual disease post-NAC was defined as longest diameter (LD) of 0 mm on MRI. Breast pCR was defined as the absence of invasive tumor in the breast at surgery. Associations between ypN0 and patient, MRI, and tumor characteristics were assessed using chi-square tests and univariate regression.
Results
Of 365 cT1-4 cN0 patients included, 128 had HR+/HER2- tumors (35%), 60 HR+/HER2+ tumors (16%), 34 HR-/HER2+ tumors (9%) and 143 TN tumors (39%). Overall, 283 patients (78%) were ypN0 after NAC and 152 patients (42%) had a breast pCR. ypN0 rate was higher in patients with a breast pCR than those with residual disease (93% vs 66%, p<0.001). Patients with HR-/HER2+ and TN tumors were more likely to be ypN0 (97% and 87% respectively) than patients with HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+ disease (66% and 71% respectively, p<0.001). Other characteristics associated with ypN0 were tumor grade (grade I 57%, grade II 66%, grade III 84%; p=0.002), MammaPrint Classification (High Risk 1 68% and High Risk 2 87%; p<0.001) and absence of residual tumor in the breast on MRI (87% vs 72% in patients with evidence of tumor on MRI post-NAC/pre-surgery; p=0.003).
In patients with HR-/HER2+, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+ or TN disease and a breast pCR, ypN0 rate was respectively 82%, 96%, 96% and 97% (table 1). In patients with HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+ or TN disease and with no evidence of residual disease in the breast on MRI, rate of ypN0 was 71%, 80%, 94% and 96% respectively.
Conclusion
In cT1-4 cN0 breast cancer patients with HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+ and TN tumors and a breast pCR, ypN0 rates after NAC are extremely high. In patients with HR-/HER2+ and TN tumors with no residual breast disease on MRI after NAC and pre-surgery, ypN0 rates are high enough to consider omission of axillary surgery. In patients with HR+ tumors, MRI is unsufficiently predictive for pathological response and can therefore not be used to select ypN0 patients. Research on the prediction of ypN0 in cN+ I-SPY2 patients is ongoing.
Nodal status in patients with pCR and absence of residual disease on MRI Number of positive nodesBreast Cancer Subtype0123AllBreast pCR HR+/HER2-27(82)2(6)4(12)033(100)HR+/HER2+24(96)01(4)025(100)HR-/HER2+24(96)1(4)0025(100)TN67(97)2(3)0069(100)Absence of residual disease on MRI HR+/HER2-24(71)7(21)3(9)034(100)HR+/HER2+16(80)3(15)01(5)20(100)HR-/HER2+15(94)1(6)0016(100)TN54(96)2(4)0056(100)
Citation Format: van der Noordaa ME, Esserman L, Yau C, Mukhtar R, Price E, Hylton N, Abe H, Wolverton D, Crane EP, Ward KA, Nelson M, Niell BL, Oh K, Brandt KR, Bang DH, Ojeda-Fournier H, Eghtedari M, Sheth PA, Bernreuter WK, Umphrey H, Rosen MA, Dogan B, Yang W, Joe B, van 't Veer L, Hirst G, Lancaster R, Wallace A, Alvaredo M, Symmans F, Asare S, Boughey JC, I-SPY2 Consortium. Role of breast MRI in predicting pathologically negative nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cN0 patients in the I-SPY2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-04.
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Abstract P2-07-03: Refining neoadjuvant predictors of three year distant metastasis free survival: Integrating volume change as measured by MRI with residual cancer burden. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-07-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Patients achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant therapy have significantly improved event-free survival relative to those who do not; and pCR is an FDA-accepted endpoint to support accelerated approval of novel agents/combinations in the neoadjuvant treatment of high risk early stage breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that recurrence risk increased with increasing burden of residual disease (as assessed by the RCB index). As well, these studies suggest that patients with minimum residual disease (RCB-I class) also have favorable outcomes (comparable to those achieving a pCR) within high risk tumor subtypes. In this study, we assess whether integrating RCB with MRI functional tumor volume (FTV), which in itself is prognostic, can improve prediction of distant recurrence free survival (DRFS); and identify a subset of patients with minimal residual disease with comparable DRFS as those who achieved a pCR. Imaging tools can then be used to identify the subset that will do well early and guide the timing of surgical therapy.
Method: We performed a pooled analysis of 596 patients from the I-SPY2 TRIAL with RCB, pre-surgical MRI FTV data and known follow-up (median 2.5 years). We first assessed whether FTV predicts residual disease (pCR or pCR/RCB-I) using ROC analysis. We applied a power transformation to normalize the pre-surgical FTV distribution; and assessed its association with DRFS using a bi-variate Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for HR/HER2 subtype. We also fitted a bivariate Cox model of RCB index adjusting for subtype; and assessed whether adding pre-surgical FTV to this model further improves association with DRFS using a likelihood ratio (LR) test. For the Cox modeling, penalized splines approximation of the transformed FTV and RCB index with 2 degrees of freedom was used to allow for non-linear effects of FTV and RCB on DRFS.
Result: Pre-surgical MRI FTV is significantly associated with DRFS (Wald p<0.00001), and more effective at predicting pCR/RCB-I than predicting pCR alone (AUC: 0.72 vs. 0.65). Larger pre-surgical FTV remains associated with worse DRFS adjusting for subtype (Wald p <0.00001). The RCB index is also significantly associated with DRFS adjusting for subtype (Wald p<0.00001). Adding FTV to a model containing RCB and subtype further improves association with DRFS (LR p=0.0007). RCB-I patients have excellent DRFS (94% at 3 years compared to 95% in the pCR group). Efforts are underway to identify an optimal threshold for dichotomizing pre-surgical FTV and FTV change measures for use in combination with pCR/RCB-I class to generate integrated RCB (iRCB) groups as a composite predictor of DRFS.
Conclusion: Pre-surgical MRI FTV is effective at predicting minimal residual disease (RCB0/I) in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL. Despite the association between FTV and RCB, FTV appears to provide independent added prognostic value (to RCB and subtype), suggesting that integrating MRI volume measures and RCB into a composite predictor may improve DRFS prediction.
Citation Format: Hylton NM, Symmans WF, Yau C, Li W, Hatzis C, Isaacs C, Albain KS, Chen Y-Y, Krings G, Wei S, Harada S, Datnow B, Fadare O, Klein M, Pambuccian S, Chen B, Adamson K, Sams S, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Magliocco A, Feldman M, Rendi M, Sattar H, Zeck J, Ocal I, Tawfik O, Grasso LeBeau L, Sahoo S, Vinh T, Yang S, Adams A, Chien AJ, Ferero-Torres A, Stringer-Reasor E, Wallace A, Boughey JC, Ellis ED, Elias AD, Lang JE, Lu J, Han HS, Clark AS, Korde L, Nanda R, Northfelt DW, Khan QJ, Viscusi RK, Euhus DM, Edmiston KK, Chui SY, Kemmer K, Wood WC, Park JW, Liu MC, Olopade O, Tripathy D, Moulder SL, Rugo HS, Schwab R, Lo S, Helsten T, Beckwith H, Haugen PK, van't Veer LJ, Perlmutter J, Melisko ME, Wilson A, Peterson G, Asare AL, Buxton MB, Paoloni M, Clennell JL, Hirst GL, Singhrao R, Steeg K, Matthews JB, Sanil A, Berry SM, Abe H, Wolverton D, Crane EP, Ward KA, Nelson M, Niell BL, Oh K, Brandt KR, Bang DH, Ojeda-Fournier H, Eghtedari M, Sheth PA, Bernreuter WK, Umphrey H, Rosen MA, Dogan B, Yang W, Joe B, I-SPY 2 TRIAL Consortium, Yee D, Pusztai L, DeMichele A, Asare SM, Berry DA, Esserman LJ. Refining neoadjuvant predictors of three year distant metastasis free survival: Integrating volume change as measured by MRI with residual cancer burden [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-03.
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Abstract PD4-03: MRI detection of residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd4-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Detecting residual disease accurately using MRI after NAC to identify both responders and non-responders is essential for de-escalating therapy or redirecting patients to more effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if the combination of longest diameter (LD) and functional tumor volume (FTV) from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI is superior to FTV alone or LD alone for assessing treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients.
Methods: Data from patients in the graduated drug arms of the I-SPY 2 trial were included in the analysis. Both LD and FTV were assessed using DCE-MRI after neoadjuvant therapy. LD was measured by the site radiologist as the longest dimension of the enhanced area on early post-contrast images. Functional tumor volume (FTV) was assessed as the sum of voxels with enhancement above specific thresholds within the pre-defined region-of-interest (ROI). A linearized variable was derived to represent the combination of FTV and LD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the assessment of treatment response, pathologic complete response (pCR), defined as no invasive disease in the breast and lymph nodes, and in-breast pCR, defined as no invasive disease in the breast only. The analysis was performed in the full cohort and in breast cancer subtype defined by hormone receptor status and HER2 status.
Results: Among the patient cohort of N=675 with FTV and LD, 247 (37%) did and 428 (41%) did not achieve pCR after neoadjuvant therapy. pCR rates varied among HR/HER2 subtypes (HR+/HER2-: 19%; HR+/HER2+: 38%; HR-/HER2+: 71%; HR-/HER2- (triple negative, TN): 43%). In-breast pathologic complete response rates were slightly higher in each group (full: 41%; HR+/HER2-: 23%; HR+/HER2+: 43%; HR-/HER2+: 72%; HR-/HER2-: 49%). Table 1 shows AUCs for assessing pCR using FTV alone, LD alone, and the variable combining FTV and LD. Higher AUCs were observed in all patient groups using the combined variable. AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.81) was observed for the combined variable to assess pCR in the full cohort. AUCs varied from 0.69 to 0.86 among HR/HER2 subgroups (HR+/HER2-: 0.69; HR+/HER2+: 0.74; HR-/HER2+: 0.86; HR-/HER2-: 0.80), with no difference in assessing pCR or in-breast pCR. The performance is best for the HR- subtypes.
Conclusions: Both FTV and LD can be used in the assessment of invasive disease residual after neoadjuvant therapy. The combined variable of FTV and LD achieved highest AUCs, compared to using individual variable alone. Tools to improve performance in the HR+ subsets are underway.
AUCs of MR measurements for identifying pCR FTV alone (95% CI)LD alone (95% CI)Combined (95% CI)FullWith subtype adj.0.73 (0.71, 0.75)0.77 (0.74, 0.79)0.79 (0.77, 0.81)FullWithout subtype adj0.69 (0.65, 0.73)0.72 (0.68, 0.76)0.75 (0.71, 0.79)HR+/HER2- 0.68 (0.60, 0.77)0.68 (0.59, 0.77)0.69 (0.61, 0.77)HR+/HER2+ 0.65 (0.56, 0.75)0.72 (0.64, 0.80)0.74 (0.66, 0.82)HR-/HER2+ 0.69 (0.55, 0.83)0.82 (0.71, 0.92)0.86 (0.77, 0.95)HR-/HER2- (TN) 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)0.73 (0.67, 0.80)0.80 (0.74, 0.85)
Citation Format: Li W, Newitt D, Yun BL, Kornak J, Joe B, Yau C, Abe H, Wolverton D, Crane E, Ward K, Nelson M, Niell B, Drukteinis J, Oh K, Brandt K, Bang DH, Ojeda H, Eghtedari M, Sheth P, Bernreuter W, Umphrey H, Rosen M, Dogan B, Yang W, Esserman L, Hylton N. MRI detection of residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the I-SPY 2 TRIAL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-03.
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Improved measurement of the longitudinal spin transfer to
Λ
and
Λ¯
hyperons in polarized proton-proton collisions at
s=200 GeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Erratum: Observation of D^{0} Meson Nuclear Modifications in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 142301 (2014)]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:229901. [PMID: 30547623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.229901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.142301.
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Low-p_{T} e^{+}e^{-} Pair Production in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV at STAR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:132301. [PMID: 30312102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report first measurements of e^{+}e^{-} pair production in the mass region 0.4<M_{ee}<2.6 GeV/c^{2} at low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.15 GeV/c) in noncentral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV. Significant enhancement factors, expressed as ratios of data over known hadronic contributions, are observed in the 40%-80% centrality of these collisions. The excess yields peak distinctly at low p_{T} with a width (sqrt[⟨p_{T}^{2}⟩]) between 40 and 60 MeV/c. The absolute cross section of the excess depends weakly on centrality, while those from a theoretical model calculation incorporating an in-medium broadened ρ spectral function and radiation from a quark gluon plasma or hadronic cocktail contributions increase dramatically with an increasing number of participant nucleons. Model calculations of photon-photon interactions generated by the initial projectile and target nuclei describe the observed excess yields but fail to reproduce the p_{T}^{2} distributions.
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Fast numerical Fourier analysis of moiré pattern induced by a periodic metallic array on top of the microscopically patterned red-green-blue light sources. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8044-8052. [PMID: 30462076 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An accurate and fast moiré pattern analysis algorithm is proposed for a periodic metallic array placed adjacent to a patterned red-green-blue (RGB) light source with a microscopic gap utilizing Fourier transform along with the human eye contrast sensitivity function. We analyzed how the moiré pattern evolved varying tilt angles and metal array periodicities placed on the top of RGB light sources, which have their own spatial periodicities. Based on multiplicative model, moiré patterns were numerically generated and the influences of 70 tilt angles and 60 periodicities on the moiré standard deviation were thoroughly analyzed to minimize moiré visibility. Our numerical results were compared to a prior analytical approach to obtain a good agreement, and the proposed scheme can be further applied to larger scale display systems with sophisticated touch screen metal arrays.
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Single-Step Anodization for the Formation of WO3
-Doped TiO2
Nanotubes Toward Enhanced Electrochromic Performance. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Longitudinal double-spin asymmetries for
π0s
in the forward direction for 510 GeV polarized
pp
collisions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.032013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:032301. [PMID: 30085817 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.032301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the nuclear modification factor R_{CP} for charged hadrons as well as identified π^{+(-)}, K^{+(-)}, and p(p[over ¯]) for Au+Au collision energies of sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. We observe a clear high-p_{T} net suppression in central collisions at 62.4 GeV for charged hadrons which evolves smoothly to a large net enhancement at lower energies. This trend is driven by the evolution of the pion spectra but is also very similar for the kaon spectra. While the magnitude of the proton R_{CP} at high p_{T} does depend on the collision energy, neither the proton nor the antiproton R_{CP} at high p_{T} exhibit net suppression at any energy. A study of how the binary collision-scaled high-p_{T} yield evolves with centrality reveals a nonmonotonic shape that is consistent with the idea that jet quenching is increasing faster than the combined phenomena that lead to enhancement.
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Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ in Au+Au Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:062301. [PMID: 29481217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapidity-odd directed-flow measurements at midrapidity are presented for Λ, Λ[over ¯], K^{±}, K_{s}^{0}, and ϕ at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV in Au+Au collisions recorded by the Solenoidal Tracker detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These measurements greatly expand the scope of data available to constrain models with differing prescriptions for the equation of state of quantum chromodynamics. Results show good sensitivity for testing a picture where flow is assumed to be imposed before hadron formation and the observed particles are assumed to form via coalescence of constituent quarks. The pattern of departure from a coalescence-inspired sum rule can be a valuable new tool for probing the collision dynamics.
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Dijet imbalance measurements in Au+Au and pp collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV at STAR. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:062301. [PMID: 28949601 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first dijet transverse momentum asymmetry measurements from Au+Au and pp collisions at RHIC. The two highest-energy back-to-back jets reconstructed from fragments with transverse momenta above 2 GeV/c display a significantly higher momentum imbalance in heavy-ion collisions than in the pp reference. When reexamined with correlated soft particles included, we observe that these dijets then exhibit a unique new feature-momentum balance is restored to that observed in pp for a jet resolution parameter of R=0.4, while rebalancing is not attained with a smaller value of R=0.2.
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Measurement of D^{0} Azimuthal Anisotropy at Midrapidity in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:212301. [PMID: 28598664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.212301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the elliptic anisotropy (v_{2}) of the charm meson D^{0} at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurement was conducted by the STAR experiment at RHIC utilizing a new high-resolution silicon tracker. The measured D^{0} v_{2} in 0%-80% centrality Au+Au collisions can be described by a viscous hydrodynamic calculation for a transverse momentum (p_{T}) of less than 4 GeV/c. The D^{0} v_{2} as a function of transverse kinetic energy (m_{T}-m_{0}, where m_{T}=sqrt[p_{T}^{2}+m_{0}^{2}]) is consistent with that of light mesons in 10%-40% centrality Au+Au collisions. These results suggest that charm quarks have achieved local thermal equilibrium with the medium created in such collisions. Several theoretical models, with the temperature-dependent, dimensionless charm spatial diffusion coefficient (2πTD_{s}) in the range of ∼2-12, are able to simultaneously reproduce our D^{0} v_{2} result and our previously published results for the D^{0} nuclear modification factor.
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Measurement of the cross section and longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for dijet production in polarized
pp
collisions at
s=200 GeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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