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Skrzypczak K, Wirkijowska A, Przygoński K, Terpiłowski K, Blicharz-Kania A. Quality and functional properties of bread containing the addition of probiotically fermented Cicer arietinum. Food Chem 2024; 448:139117. [PMID: 38608398 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of supplementation with probiotically fermented chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) seeds on the quality parameters and functional characteristics of wheat bread. The addition of chickpea seeds caused significant changes in the chemical composition of the control wheat bread. The legume-supplemented products exhibited higher values of a* and b* color parameters and higher hardness after 24 h of storage than the control. The application of fermented or unfermented chickpeas contributed to an increase in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, iron chelating capacity, and antioxidant properties of the final product. The variant containing unfermented seeds had the highest riboflavin content (29.53 ± 1.11 µg/100 g d.w.), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (227.02 ± 7.29 µmol·L-1 TX/100 g d.w.), and free radical scavenging activity (71.37 ± 1.30 % DPPH inhibition). The results of this preliminary research have practical importance in the production of innovative bakery products with potential properties of functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrzypczak
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, Sub-department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wirkijowska
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, Department of Engineering and Technology of Grains, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Food Concentrates and Starch Products Department, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland
| | - Konrad Terpiłowski
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, M. Curie Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Blicharz-Kania
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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Nowak D, Gośliński M, Przygoński K, Wojtowicz E. Averrhoa carambola L., Cyphomandra betacea, Myrciaria dubia as a Source of Bioactive Compounds of Antioxidant Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040753. [PMID: 36832828 PMCID: PMC9955449 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds play an important role in the prevention of various diseases. The exotic fruits Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit), Cyphomandra betacea (tamarillo) and Myrciaria dubia (camu-camu) can be valuable sources of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study has been to compare the antioxidant properties of these exotic fruits, the structure of polyphenolic compounds and the content of vitamin C and β-carotene. All the juices were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays) and the composition of phenolic compounds (TP and FBBB assays, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanins). In addition, HPLC assays were performed to analyse the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, vitamin C and β-carotene. The results demonstrated that juice from the Myrciaria dubia fruit had the highest antioxidant capacity, which was 4.5-fold higher than that of juice from Averrhola carambola L., and nearly 7-fold higher than the antioxidant capacity of Cyphomandra betacea fruit juice. Additionally, juice from the camu-camu fruit had a 3- to 4-fold higher total polyphenol content (8290 ± 254 mg GAE L-1) and a high level of vitamin C (8410.8 ± 16.9 mg AA kg-1). In turn, tamarillo juice had a high content of total anthocyanins (5796 mg CGE L-1) and phenolic acids (mostly chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid). Juice produced from carambola had a high content of total flavonoids (1345 mg CAE L-1), and the composition of these compounds was dominated by flavanols (epicatechin). The research results justify the conclusion that fruits of Myrciaria dubia, Averrhoa carambola L., Cyphomandra betacea are rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, and in the near future may serve as healthful food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Gośliński
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 61-361 Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 61-361 Poznań, Poland
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Mildner-Szkudlarz S, Siger A, Przygoński K, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Zawirska-Wojtasiak R. N ɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine, Available Lysine, and Volatile Compound Profile of Biscuits Enriched with Grape by-Product During Storage. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022; 77:190-197. [PMID: 35338444 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the changes in Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and available lysine content, antioxidant properties, volatiles, and oxidation products of biscuits enriched with grape by-product (GP), stored for six months under a modified atmosphere of 0%/30%/70% O2/CO2/N2 and in air. Fresh GP-formulated biscuits showed lower concentrations of CML (89%), available lysine (40%), and pyrazines (75%), but higher antioxidant capacities (~ sixfold), furans (12-fold), and lipid-derived compounds (three-fold) than the control. Although ~ 15% higher losses of Maillard-type volatiles were identified in the air atmosphere during storage, lipid oxidation was ~ 30% less pronounced in the modified atmosphere. A significant correlation of 0.994 between the reduction in CML and the available lysine suggest further CML reactions with the ɛ-NH2 group of amino acids. Significant correlations (of -0.550 to -0.980) between oxidation products, antioxidant capacities, and changes in CML content during storage suggest that these parameters might be involved in the CML elimination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Siger
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Fedoruk-Wyszomirska A, Piechowska P, Mildner-Szkudlarz S, Bajerska J, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K, Gurda D, Kubicka W, Wyszko E. β-Carbolines in Experiments on Laboratory Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5245. [PMID: 32722000 PMCID: PMC7432475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have ascribed a protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases to the β-carbolines harman (H) and norharman (NH), which occur mostly in coffee and coffee substitutes. We determined the concentrations of β-carbolines and undesirable compounds (such as acrylamide) in roasted coffee substitute ingredients and found that chicory coffee was optimal. Two in vivo experiments were conducted with seventeen-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats fed a diet with the addition of pure carboline standards in the first stage, and chicory in the second. We observed an increase in the level of H and NH in blood plasma, as well as higher activity of animals in the battery behavioral test, particularly in the second stage. The results of in vitro studies-particularly the level of the expression in brain tissue of genes associated with aging processes and neurodegenerative diseases-clearly show the benefits of a diet rich in β-carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Fedoruk-Wyszomirska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Paulina Piechowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.P.); (S.M.-S.); (J.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland; (E.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland; (E.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Gurda
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Kubicka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
| | - Eliza Wyszko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-794 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.-W.); (D.G.); (W.K.)
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Piechowska P, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K, Mildner-Szkudlarz S. Bioactivity of selected materials for coffee substitute. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206762. [PMID: 30439984 PMCID: PMC6237330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that coffee consumption is negatively correlated with the incidence of Parkinson's disease. Coffee contains relatively high levels of β-carbolines, which have been ascribed neuroactive effects in humans however the positive or negative effect has not been confirmed yet. Two ingredients with applications as coffee substitutes-chicory, which is traditionally used in this way, and artichoke-were considered in this study both from the neuroactive point of view but also in relation to the other bioactive compounds that result from their thermal processing. These thermal products are of concern because of their possible toxic properties. The estimated concentration of β-carbolines was high in both materials (1.8 μg/g and 2.5 μg/g harman and 2.9 μg/g and 3.1 μg/g norharman in chicory and artichoke, respectively). Artichoke had more β-carbolines than chicory, and also more all the toxic compounds examined here-acrylamide, carboxymethyllysine, and furans, which were detected in significantly higher concentrations in artichoke, particularly acrylamide. Chicory and artichoke also contain phenolic compounds that possess high antioxidant activity, on a similar level. Artichoke, a new proposed ingredient in coffee substitutes, appears to be a richer source of β-carbolines than the traditionally chicory. Both materials contained high level of undesirable components, such as furan and its derivatives, carboxymethyllysine and particularly acrylamide, much higher in artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Piechowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
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Nowak D, Gośliński M, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K. Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Vitamin C-Rich Juices. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2237-2246. [PMID: 30044505 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that bioactive compounds, for example, polyphenols, and so on can play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and protect against various diseases. The sources of these compounds in the human diet include mainly fruit and good quality fruit juices, which may contain polyphenols but also other phytochemicals such as vitamin C. The purpose of the study was to analyze the antioxidant properties of vitamin C-rich juices, which underwent mild processing. The content of total polyphenols (TP, FBBB), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA), and vitamin C as well as the antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS) were evaluated in commercial fruit juices rich in vitamin C (acerola, gojiberry, sea buckthorn, wild rose, cranberry, Japanese quince). Moreover, phenolic acids and selected flavonoids were determined by HPLC methods. Among the examined fruit juices, acerola and wild rose juices contained the highest amounts of vitamin C and total polyphenols, and had the highest antioxidant capacity. Acerola owes its high antioxidant properties mainly to vitamin C, whereas the antioxidant capacity of wild rose is also attributed to its rich content of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Sea buckthorn juice and Japanese quince juice had a lower antioxidant capacity, yet higher than determined for gojiberry and cranberry juices. Total anthocyanins were the highest in cranberry juice. The results showed that the analyzed juices were a valuable source of natural antioxidants. Generally, vitamin C-rich juices are also good source of polyphenols. Vitamin C and polyphenols act synergistically and define the antioxidant properties of juices. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Bioactive compounds, for example, polyphenols play an important role in reducing oxidative stress and protect against various diseases. Sources of natural antioxidants in human diet include mainly fruit and good quality fruit juices. The study showed that the juices from acerola, gojiberry, sea buckthorn, wild rose, cranberry, Japanese quince were a valuable source of natural polyphenols and vitamin C. These compounds act synergistically and define the antioxidant properties of juices. Among all examined samples, acerola and wild rose juices seem to be the most valuable. Moreover, it's worth noticing that juices underwent mild processing (cold pressed and low pasteurization) retained more bioactive compounds, which affected their higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ. in Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Gośliński
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ. in Toruń, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Dept. of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Dept. of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Prof Wacław Dąbrowski Inst. of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland
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Makowska A, Majcher M, Mildner-Szkudlarz S, Jedrusek-Golinska A, Przygoński K. Triticale crisp bread enriched with selected bioactive additives: volatile profile, physical characteristics, sensory and nutritional properties. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:3092-3101. [PMID: 28974794 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of selected plant additives (couch grass, artichoke, kale, nettle, ground buckwheat husks, broad beans, fenugreek seeds, and extracts of yellow tea and mulberry leaf) on the volatile compounds, color, texture, sensory attributes, polyphenols, and antioxidant properties of triticale crisp bread was studied. The volatile profile of control bread was dominated by lipid oxidation products with hexanal and (E)-2-nonenal predominant. The additives strongly modified the volatile profile of the extruded crisp bread. The greatest differences were recorded in the case of products with artichoke and kale additions, which had respectively about 12 and 8 times higher levels of total volatile compounds than the control crisp bread. The samples containing kale, buckwheat, and fenugreek as well as yellow tea extract characterized high levels of sulfur compounds, with methanethiol predominant. The additives, especially kale, nettle, and artichoke affected the color of the crisp breads, in most cases making them darker. In terms of texture only the crisp bread with addition of buckwheat husk was significantly harder than the control sample. On the basis of sensory evaluation it was stated that among all the additives, the artichoke and fenugreek resulted in dramatic deterioration in the extruded product taste. The used additives also affected the antioxidant properties of triticale crisp bread. The greatest content of total phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity were observed for the bread with yellow tea extract addition (3.5- and 6.5-fold higher, respectively, than in control sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Makowska
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majcher
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Jedrusek-Golinska
- Department of Food Service and Catering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products in Poznań, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology in Warsaw, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznan, Poland
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Wojtowicz E, Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Przygoński K, Mildner-Szkudlarz S. Bioactive β-carbolines norharman and harman in traditional and novel raw materials for chicory coffee. Food Chem 2015; 175:280-3. [PMID: 25577081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The β-carboline compounds norharman and harman exhibit neuroactive activity in the human body. Chicory coffee has proved to be a source of β-carboline compounds. This study assessed the norharman and harman contents of traditional and novel raw materials for the production of chicory coffee, as well as in samples of chicory coffee with novel additives. The highest content of the β-carbolines among the traditional raw materials was recorded in roasted sugar beet (2.26 μg/g), while roasting the chicory caused a 25-fold increase in the content of norharman in this raw material (from 0.05 to 1.25 μg/g). In novel raw materials not subjected to the action of high temperature, β-carboline was not detected. Among the roasted novel raw materials, the highest contents of harman and norharman were found in artichokes. High harman levels were also recorded in roasted chokeberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 48, 61-361 Poznań, Poland
| | - Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Starołęcka 48, 61-361 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Wojtowicz E, Przygoński K, Olkowicz M. Chlorogenic acid in raw materials for the production of chicory coffee. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2118-23. [PMID: 24338945 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicory coffee is produced from traditional raw materials. Other materials are added to improve its aroma. The aim of this study was to test new raw materials with a high content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) as the criterion for their selection. This acid is degraded in the course of roasting and is a source of phenolic compounds affecting coffee aroma. For this reason, contents of CGAs were analyzed in traditional and new materials before and after roasting and compared with the chemicals formed in the roasted pure standard of chlorogenic acid (5-CQA). RESULTS It was shown that the novel raw materials contained considerable amounts of 5-CQA, frequently higher than in traditional chicory. The roasting process caused significant losses of 5-CQA in the tested raw materials, amounting to 55-91%. In turn, the analysis of volatile compounds in roasted materials showed the presence of certain phenolic and heterocyclic compounds that were also formed as degradation products of the pure 5-CQA chemical standard. CONCLUSION Novel raw materials, mainly chokeberry, artichoke and lovage, are rich sources of CGAs, particularly 5-CQA. Their application in the production of chicory coffee may result in an increased content of primarily phenolic compounds in its aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Zawirska-Wojtasiak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, PL-60-637, Poznań, Poland
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Le Thanh-Blicharz J, Anioła J, Kowalczewski P, Przygoński K, Zaborowska Z, Lewandowicz G. Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:109-114. [PMID: 24644553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Le Thanh-Blicharz
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products in Poznań, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jacek Anioła
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań
| | - Przemysław Kowalczewski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przygoński
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products in Poznań, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zofia Zaborowska
- Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products in Poznań, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grażyna Lewandowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
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Le Thanh-Blicharz J, Anioła J, Kowalczewski P, Przygoński K, Zaborowska Z, Lewandowicz G. Type IV resistant starch increases cecum short chain fatty acids level in rats. Acta Biochim Pol 2014. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2014_1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Resistant starches are type of dietary fibers. However, their physiological effects depend on the way they resist digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that new type of RS4 preparations, of in vitro digestibility of about 50%, obtained by cross-linking and acetylation, acts as a prebiotic by increasing short chain fatty acids content in cecum digesta. The rats were fed with diet containing pregelatinized, cross-linked and acetylated starches as a main carbohydrate source. Pregelatinized, but not chemically modified, potato starch was used in the composition of the control diet. After two weeks of experiment the increase of short chain fatty acids contents in ceceum digesta was observed. The intake of starch A, cross-linked only with adipic acid, resulted in increase of about 40% of short chain fatty acids content, whereas starch PA cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate and adipic acid of about 50%. The utmost twofold increase was observed in the case of the production of propionic acid. In contrast, the content of butyric acid increased (12%) only as an effect of consumption of starch PA and even decreased (about 30%) in case of starch A. Both RS4 starches caused an increase of the production of acetic acid by more than 40%. No changes in serum biochemistry, liver cholesterol and organ weights of rats were stated.
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Zaborowska Z, Przygoński K, Bilska A. Antioxidative effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in sunflower oil. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2012; 11:283-291. [PMID: 22744949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid oxidation is a main problem during food processing, storage and consumption leading to losses of quality, stability, safety and nutritive value. Antioxidants have been used to prevent oxidation changes and off - flavor development in food products. Aim of the research was to evaluate antioxidative effect of thyme ethanol extract on sunflower oil during its storage in different temperature conditions. Oil samples were stored in darkness at 4°C, 18°C, 38°C. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of thyme (thymus vulgaris) were purchased at a local pharmacy in Poznań, Poland and sunflower oil was acquired from a local supermarket. Thyme extract was characterized by total polyphenol content. Antioxidant activity was estimated with use of DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging methods. Ethanol extract of thyme at 1% level was added to sunflower oil. Peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), totox value (TxV) and fatty acids (FA) content were taken as parameters for evaluation of effectiveness of thyme extract in stabilization of sunflower oil. RESULTS High polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activity of ethanol thyme extract were evaluated. Results from different parameters were in agreement with other researchers, suggesting the antioxidant effect of thyme on antioxidant stability. Results show that thyme extract prolonged stability of sunflower oil and it may be a potent antioxidant for its stabilization. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol thyme extract may be used as a natural antioxidant to prolong stability of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Zaborowska
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology in Warsaw, Department of Food Concentrates and Starch Products in Poznań, Starołęcka 40, 61-361 Poznań, Poland.
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Wojtowicz E, Zawirska-Wojtasiak R, Adamiec J, Wąsowicz E, Przygoński K, Remiszewski M. Odor active compounds content in spices and their microencapsulated powders measured by SPME. J Food Sci 2010; 75:S441-5. [PMID: 21535518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, main odorants of marjoram and thyme (linalool and thymol) were determined in spices and microencapsulated powders using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Analyses were conducted on selected batches of spices before and after decontamination and on microencapsulated powders prepared for technological purposes (improvement of aroma in decontaminated spices). Conditions of SPME analyses were determined for individual compounds and matrices. Determination of total and surface contents of compounds and the percentage dependencies between encapsulated and surface aroma made it possible to identify the best powders in terms of their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojtowicz
- Dept. of Food Concentrates in Poznań, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Poland, 61-361 Poznań, ul. Starołęcka 40
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