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Espinoza O, Hernandez O, Plucinski L, Wombacher T, Piecik J, Pellecchia C, VanPoppel S, MacHannaford J, Lima B. Rapid ECMO Deployment Team: Outcomes Associated with an Emerging Inter-Facility Transport Program. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Vidal RC, Bentmann H, Facio JI, Heider T, Kagerer P, Fornari CI, Peixoto TRF, Figgemeier T, Jung S, Cacho C, Büchner B, van den Brink J, Schneider CM, Plucinski L, Schwier EF, Shimada K, Richter M, Isaeva A, Reinert F. Orbital Complexity in Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulators MnBi_{4}Te_{7} and MnBi_{6}Te_{10}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:176403. [PMID: 33988442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), we investigate the surface electronic structure of the magnetic van der Waals compounds MnBi_{4}Te_{7} and MnBi_{6}Te_{10}, the n=1 and 2 members of a modular (Bi_{2}Te_{3})_{n}(MnBi_{2}Te_{4}) series, which have attracted recent interest as intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. Combining circular dichroic, spin-resolved and photon-energy-dependent ARPES measurements with calculations based on density functional theory, we unveil complex momentum-dependent orbital and spin textures in the surface electronic structure and disentangle topological from trivial surface bands. We find that the Dirac-cone dispersion of the topologial surface state is strongly perturbed by hybridization with valence-band states for Bi_{2}Te_{3}-terminated surfaces but remains preserved for MnBi_{2}Te_{4}-terminated surfaces. Our results firmly establish the topologically nontrivial nature of these magnetic van der Waals materials and indicate that the possibility of realizing a quantized anomalous Hall conductivity depends on surface termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Vidal
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - H Bentmann
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - J I Facio
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, EU
| | - T Heider
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany, EU
| | - P Kagerer
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - C I Fornari
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - T R F Peixoto
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - T Figgemeier
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
| | - S Jung
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - C Cacho
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - B Büchner
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, EU
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, EU
| | - J van den Brink
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, EU
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, EU
| | - C M Schneider
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany, EU
| | - L Plucinski
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany, EU
| | - E F Schwier
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - K Shimada
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - M Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, EU
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany, EU
| | - A Isaeva
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany, EU
- Department of Physics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EU
| | - F Reinert
- Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, EU
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany, EU
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Plucinski L. Band structure engineering in 3D topological insulators. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:183001. [PMID: 30731442 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel topological phases has revolutionized the way we think about electronic matter. Topologically protected states have been demonstrated for many materials, however, creating materials that exhibit desired properties often remains a challenge. For example, one of the key challenges in three dimensional topological insulators has been the realization of insulating bulk, such that the unique properties of surface states could be fully employed in electron transport applications. Further challenges are in creating materials that simultaneously exhibit states protected by various symmetries on their different surfaces, inducing magnetic exchange coupling into the topological materials, as well as potentially creating non-trivial transient electronic states. This review presents theoretical concepts and a selection of experimental results from the point view of a spectroscopist, and as such might be useful for physicists who want to get familiar with the key concepts in a self-contained form with formalism reduced to readily understandable concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plucinski
- Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Fundamentals of Future Information Technologies (JARA-FIT), 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Weyrich C, Drögeler M, Kampmeier J, Eschbach M, Mussler G, Merzenich T, Stoica T, Batov IE, Schubert J, Plucinski L, Beschoten B, Schneider CM, Stampfer C, Grützmacher D, Schäpers T. Growth, characterization, and transport properties of ternary (Bi 1-x Sb x ) 2Te 3 topological insulator layers. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:495501. [PMID: 27749271 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/49/495501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ternary (Bi1-x Sb x )2Te3 films with an Sb content between 0 and 100% were deposited on a Si(1 1 1) substrate by means of molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm single crystal growth in all cases. The Sb content is determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Consistent values of the Sb content are obtained from Raman spectroscopy. Scanning Raman spectroscopy reveals that the (Bi1-x Sb x )2Te3 layers with an intermediate Sb content show spatial composition inhomogeneities. The observed spectra broadening in angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is also attributed to this phenomena. Upon increasing the Sb content from x = 0 to 1 the ARPES measurements show a shift of the Fermi level from the conduction band to the valence band. This shift is also confirmed by corresponding magnetotransport measurements where the conductance changes from n- to p-type. In this transition region, an increase of the resistivity is found, indicating a location of the Fermi level within the band gap region. More detailed measurements in the transition region reveals that the transport takes place in two independent channels. By means of a gate electrode the transport can be changed from n- to p-type, thus allowing a tuning of the Fermi level within the topologically protected surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weyrich
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany. Helmholtz Virtual Institute for Topological Insulators (VITI), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Plötzing M, Adam R, Weier C, Plucinski L, Eich S, Emmerich S, Rollinger M, Aeschlimann M, Mathias S, Schneider CM. Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using femtosecond extreme ultraviolet light pulses from high-order harmonic generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:043903. [PMID: 27131684 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanism responsible for optically induced magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic thin films has been under intense debate since almost two decades. Currently, numerous competing theoretical models are in strong need for a decisive experimental confirmation such as monitoring the triggered changes in the spin-dependent band structure on ultrashort time scales. Our approach explores the possibility of observing femtosecond band structure dynamics by giving access to extended parts of the Brillouin zone in a simultaneously time-, energy- and spin-resolved photoemission experiment. For this purpose, our setup uses a state-of-the-art, highly efficient spin detector and ultrashort, extreme ultraviolet light pulses created by laser-based high-order harmonic generation. In this paper, we present the setup and first spin-resolved spectra obtained with our experiment within an acquisition time short enough to allow pump-probe studies. Further, we characterize the influence of the excitation with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses by comparing the results with data acquired using a continuous wave light source with similar photon energy. In addition, changes in the spectra induced by vacuum space-charge effects due to both the extreme ultraviolet probe- and near-infrared pump-pulses are studied by analyzing the resulting spectral distortions. The combination of energy resolution and electron count rate achieved in our setup confirms its suitability for spin-resolved studies of the band structure on ultrashort time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Plötzing
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R Adam
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Weier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - L Plucinski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Eich
- University of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S Emmerich
- University of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - M Rollinger
- University of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - M Aeschlimann
- University of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S Mathias
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, I. Physikalisches Institut, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C M Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Olbrich P, Golub LE, Herrmann T, Danilov SN, Plank H, Bel'kov VV, Mussler G, Weyrich C, Schneider CM, Kampmeier J, Grützmacher D, Plucinski L, Eschbach M, Ganichev SD. Room-temperature high-frequency transport of dirac fermions in epitaxially grown Sb2Te3- and Bi2Te3-based topological insulators. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:096601. [PMID: 25215999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.096601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of photogalvanic effects in epitaxially grown Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3 three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TI). We show that asymmetric scattering of Dirac fermions driven back and forth by the terahertz electric field results in a dc electric current. Because of the "symmetry filtration" the dc current is generated by the surface electrons only and provides an optoelectronic access to probe the electron transport in TI, surface domains orientation, and details of electron scattering in 3D TI even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Olbrich
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - L E Golub
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T Herrmann
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S N Danilov
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Plank
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - V V Bel'kov
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Mussler
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ch Weyrich
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C M Schneider
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J Kampmeier
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Grützmacher
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - L Plucinski
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Eschbach
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT), Leo Brandt Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S D Ganichev
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Gray AX, Minár J, Ueda S, Stone PR, Yamashita Y, Fujii J, Braun J, Plucinski L, Schneider CM, Panaccione G, Ebert H, Dubon OD, Kobayashi K, Fadley CS. Bulk electronic structure of the dilute magnetic semiconductor Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As through hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission. Nat Mater 2012; 11:957-962. [PMID: 23064495 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the origin of the magnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors is crucial to their development for applications. Using hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission (HARPES) at 3.2 keV, we investigate the bulk electronic structure of the prototypical dilute magnetic semiconductor Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As, and the reference undoped GaAs. The data are compared to theory based on the coherent potential approximation and fully relativistic one-step-model photoemission calculations including matrix-element effects. Distinct differences are found between angle-resolved, as well as angle-integrated, valence spectra of Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As and GaAs, and these are in good agreement with theory. Direct observation of Mn-induced states between the GaAs valence-band maximum and the Fermi level, centred about 400 meV below this level, as well as changes throughout the full valence-level energy range, indicates that ferromagnetism in Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As must be considered to arise from both p-d exchange and double exchange, thus providing a more unifying picture of this controversial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A X Gray
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Gray AX, Papp C, Ueda S, Balke B, Yamashita Y, Plucinski L, Minár J, Braun J, Ylvisaker ER, Schneider CM, Pickett WE, Ebert H, Kobayashi K, Fadley CS. Probing bulk electronic structure with hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission. Nat Mater 2011; 10:759-764. [PMID: 21841798 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ultraviolet/soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) may in some cases be too strongly influenced by surface effects to be a useful probe of bulk electronic structure. Going to hard X-ray photon energies and thus larger electron inelastic mean-free paths should provide a more accurate picture of bulk electronic structure. We present experimental data for hard X-ray ARPES (HARPES) at energies of 3.2 and 6.0 keV. The systems discussed are W, as a model transition-metal system to illustrate basic principles, and GaAs, as a technologically-relevant material to illustrate the potential broad applicability of this new technique. We have investigated the effects of photon wave vector on wave vector conservation, and assessed methods for the removal of phonon-associated smearing of features and photoelectron diffraction effects. The experimental results are compared to free-electron final-state model calculations and to more precise one-step photoemission theory including matrix element effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A X Gray
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Suga S, Sekiyama A, Funabashi G, Yamaguchi J, Kimura M, Tsujibayashi M, Uyama T, Sugiyama H, Tomida Y, Kuwahara G, Kitayama S, Fukushima K, Kimura K, Yokoi T, Murakami K, Fujiwara H, Saitoh Y, Plucinski L, Schneider CM. High resolution, low hν photoelectron spectroscopy with the use of a microwave excited rare gas lamp and ionic crystal filters. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:105111. [PMID: 21034123 DOI: 10.1063/1.3488367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The need for not only bulk sensitive but also extremely high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy for studying detailed electronic structures of strongly correlated electron systems is growing rapidly. Moreover, easy access to such a capability in one's own laboratory is desirable. Demonstrated here is the performance of a microwave excited rare gas (Xe, Kr, and Ar) lamp combined with ionic crystal filters (sapphire, CaF(2), and LiF), which can supply three strong lines near the photon energy of hnyu hν=8.4, 10.0, and 11.6 eV, with the hν resolution of better than 600 μeV for photoelectron spectroscopy. Its performance is demonstrated on some materials by means of both angle-integrated and angle-resolved measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suga
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Ayvazyan V, Baboi N, Bohnet I, Brinkmann R, Castellano M, Castro P, Catani L, Choroba S, Cianchi A, Dohlus M, Edwards HT, Faatz B, Fateev AA, Feldhaus J, Flöttmann K, Gamp A, Garvey T, Genz H, Gerth C, Gretchko V, Grigoryan B, Hahn U, Hessler C, Honkavaara K, Hüning M, Ischebeck R, Jablonka M, Kamps T, Körfer M, Krassilnikov M, Krzywinski J, Liepe M, Liero A, Limberg T, Loos H, Luong M, Magne C, Menzel J, Michelato P, Minty M, Müller UC, Nölle D, Novokhatski A, Pagani C, Peters F, Pflüger J, Piot P, Plucinski L, Rehlich K, Reyzl I, Richter A, Rossbach J, Saldin EL, Sandner W, Schlarb H, Schmidt G, Schmüser P, Schneider JR, Schneidmiller EA, Schreiber HJ, Schreiber S, Sertore D, Setzer S, Simrock S, Sobierajski R, Sonntag B, Steeg B, Stephan F, Sytchev KP, Tiedtke K, Tonutti M, Treusch R, Trines D, Türke D, Verzilov V, Wanzenberg R, Weiland T, Weise H, Wendt M, Will I, Wolff S, Wittenburg K, Yurkov MV, Zapfe K. Generation of GW radiation pulses from a VUV free-electron laser operating in the femtosecond regime. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:104802. [PMID: 11909361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental results are presented from vacuum-ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode. The generation of ultrashort radiation pulses became possible due to specific tailoring of the bunch charge distribution. A complete characterization of the linear and nonlinear modes of the SASE FEL operation was performed. At saturation the FEL produces ultrashort pulses (30-100 fs FWHM) with a peak radiation power in the GW level and with full transverse coherence. The wavelength was tuned in the range of 95-105 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ayvazyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
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