Case of successful use of sarilumab in secondary renal amyloidosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical observation of the successful use of the interleukin 6 (IL6) inhibitor sarilumab in secondary renal amyloidosis in a patient with active seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, is presented. This complication was confirmed by biopsy of rectum. The presented clinical example demonstrates a fairly rapid, within five years from the onset of the disease, the development of secondary renal amyolidosis with the formation of a persistent nephrotic syndrome that is resistant to therapy with cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Prescription of the IL6 inhibitor tocilizumab contributed to a decrease in the clinical and laboratory activity of the underlying disease, a decrease in the severity of daily proteinuria, but did not allow to achieve the full effect. The use of another IL6 inhibitor – sarilumab, led to a complete regression of nephrotic syndrome with normalization of general urine analysis, biochemical blood tests – total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, against the background of stable clinical and laboratory remission of rheumatoid arthritis.

Synthesis of a Bioactive Composition of Chitosan–Selenium Nanoparticles

A biologically active composition of chitosan-selenium nanoparticles has been developed. Selenium nanoparticles are characterized by a clear bimodal size distribution: 2–3 and ~37 nm. The main active centers of complexation with nanoparticles are the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan. In experiments on culturing fibroblasts of the hTERT BJ-5ta cell line on sample films, high biocompatibility of the composition was shown. It was shown that the composition of chitosan-selenium nanoparticles has a corrective effect on the oxidative processes of the body, reducing the activity of free-radical oxidation in the blood of animals. This opens up prospects for the use of this complex in the composition of antioxidant and adaptogenic drugs.

International register “Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients (ACTIV SARS-CoV-2)”

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[Pharmacokinetic and analgesic properties of the injectable dosage form of a new imidazobenzimidazole derivative RU-1205 with kappa agonist activity]

Pharmacokinetic properties of imidazobenzimidazole derivative compound RU-1205 were investigated after subcutaneous administration to rabbits as a substance and a dosage form (lyophilisates for injection) at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The lyophilisate was characterized by high values of the relative bioavailability. In tests, the "hot plate" and "vinegar cramps" the dosage form and the substance exhibited the same analgesic effect.

[ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY OF GLUTARON--A NEW DERIVATIVE OF GLUTAMIC ACID]

The pharmacokinetics of studies of 3-phenylglutamic acid hydrochloride (glutaron) has been studied in rats. The main pharmacokinetic parameters show low values of the half-life (T1/2 = 3.75 h), mean retention time in the body (MRT = 5.77 h). The medium rate of drug concentration decrease in the blood plasma leads to a low value of the area under pharmacokinetic curve (AUC = 41.18 mg · h/mL). The general volume of distribution (Vd = 3.42 L/kg) is 3.5 times greater than the volume of extracellular fluid in the rat body. These data indicate a high ability of the glutaron to be distributed and accumulated in animal tissues. The value of absolute bioavailability is 84%, and the relative bioavailabity is 100%.

[The absolute bioavailability of benzimidazole derivative RU-1205 in rats]

Pharmacokinetics of morpholinoethylimidazobenzimidazole derivative RU-1205 with kappa-agonist activity have been studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined upon intravenous (10 mg/kg), peroral, and subcutaneous (50 mg/kg) administration. It is established that RU-1205 substance has high bioavailability (44.17 and 56.03% upon peroral and subcutaneous introduction, respectively).

[Pharmacokinetic and analgesic properties of tabletized dosage form of RU-1205-new imidazobenzimidazole derivative with kappa agonist activity]

The pharmacokinetic properties of a new imidazobenzimidazole derivative, compound RU-1205, were studied after peroral administration to rabbits at a dose of 50 mg/kg as a parent substance and in coated tablet dosage form. It was found that RU-1205 tablets are characterized by high values of the relative bioavailability (105.3 +/- 11.7%). The results of hot-plate and vinegar-cramp tests showed that both the dosage form and parent substance produced the same analgesic effect. Granulated RU-1205 produced maximum analgesic effect (138.8% relative to control) within 4-h investigation and retained higher analgesic activity compared to that of parent substance (on the average by 58%, p < 0.05) up to 12 h.

[Absolute bioavailability of the adenine derivative VMA-99-82 possessing antiviral activity]

Investigation of the main pharmacokinetic parameters of adenine derivative VMA-99-82 in rats showed large values of the half-life (T1/2 = 11.03 h) and the mean retention time of drug molecules in the organism (MRT = 9.53 h). A high rate of the drug concentration decrease in the plasma determines a small value of the area under the pharmacokinetic curve (AUC = 74.96 mg h/ml). The total distribution volume (V(d) = 10.61 l/kg) is 15.8 times greater than the volume of extracellular fluid in the body of rat, which is indicative of a high ability of VMA-99-82 to be distributed and accumulated in the organs and tissues. The absolute bioavailability of VMA-99-82 is 66%.

[Hepatoduodenal circulation and excretion of the new GABA derivative citrocard]

Pharmacokinetic investigation of a new gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative cirtocard showed that, upon the intravenous introduction, the drug is determined in high concentrations in organs of elimination--the liver and kidneys. The tissue accessibility amounts to 1.341 for the liver and 4.053 for the kidneys and the separation factor is 1.041 for the liver and 4.486 for the kidneys. The study of drug excretion showed that cirtocard is determined in the urine for 48 h, its nephritic clearance being 0.047 L/h and extra-nephritic clearance, 0.33 L/h. For the unchanged substance, a large significance ofhepatoduodenal circulation is low probable, since no more than 1 - 2% of the introduced dose was isolated with bile over entire experiment. It is established that the removal of the unchanged substance does not exceed 10% of the introduced dose. There is high probability of hepatoduodenal circulation and excretion of the preparation in the form of metabolites.

[Effect of new derivatives of natural nitrogen-containing compounds on the level and metabolism of biogenic amines in brain structures and the life span of rats]

Effects of the analogs of transmitter amino acids on the level of biogenic amines and their metabolism in various structures of brain and on the life span of rats have been studied.

[Neurochemical mechanisms of antidepressant action of new adenine derivative]

We have studied the influence of the new adenine derivative VMA-99-82 on the exchange of monoamines and their metabolites in the brain of Wistar rats. In addition, the effect of VMA-99-82 on binding of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors and the system of 3H-serotonin reuptake in the brain synaptosomes has been studied in vitro. It is established that VMA-99-82 at a dose of 10 mg/kg has no affinity to 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors and produces no effect on the reuptake of [3H]-5-HT. It is suggested that VMA-99-82 has a modulating effect on ion channel NMDA receptor complex of the glutamatergic system, which leads to the manifestation of antidepressant activity.

[Treatment of patients with movement and cognitive disorders in the residual period of stroke]

The efficacy and safety of axamon was studied in a trial with parallel groups in patients, aged 65-88 years, with movement and cognitive disorders in the residual period of stroke. Twenty-five patients received basic therapy and 25 patients were treated with axamon as an add-on drug in dosage of 20 mg 3 times a day during 12 weeks. Along with the neurological examination, a battery of neuropsychological scales and tests was used. The reduction of cognitive and movement deficits was observed. Axamon promotes the optimization of restoration potential of patients in the residual period of stroke.

Analysis of antioxidant properties of chitosan and its oligomers

Oral treatment with chitosan with a molecular weight approximately 105, but not its oligomer, reduced plasma content of free-radical oxidation products in normal rats and animals treated for the bone marrow form of radiation sickness and stimulated the recovery processes in involved bone marrow and peripheral blood.

[The effect of bemithyl on the onthogenesis of rats]

Female rats were treated with bemithyl (20 and 100 mg/kg) via a gastric tube during a 16-day period of lactation. It was found that the drug is transferred with breast milk to the organism of newborns, which leads to nonuniformities in their development. Among the early effects of bemithyl, most pronounced is the stimulating action upon maturation (muscle strength) and the development of sensor-locomotor reflexes; in the spectrum of long-term effects, the drug influence upon pubescence processes was manifested.