Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic and HIV-risk factors in South Africa: Findings of the 2012 HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey.
SSM Popul Health 2017;
3:658-662. [PMID:
29349254 PMCID:
PMC5769074 DOI:
10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.009]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In South Africa, there are limited nationally representative data on the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress. This study used a 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey to investigate factors associated with psychological distress in South Africa.
METHODS
The survey is based on a multistage stratified cross-sectional design. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with psychological distress.
RESULTS
Out of a total 25860 participants, 23.9% reported psychological distress. Higher likelihood of reporting psychological distress was significantly associated with being female [OR = 1.68 (95% CI: 1.34-2.10), p < 0.001], aged 25 to 49 years [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08-1.70), p = 0.010] and 50 years and older [OR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06-1.97), p = 0.023)], Black Africans [OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.24-2.10), p < 0.001)], a high risk drinker [OR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02-1.83), p = 0.037], a hazardous drinker [OR = 4.76 (95% CI: 2.69-8.42), p < 0.001] and HIV positive, [OR = 1.79 (95% CI:1.55-2.08) p < 0.001], while lower likelihood of reporting psychological distress was significantly associated with being married [OR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98), p = 0.031), employed [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57-0.88), p = 0.002], and living in a rural formal area [OR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55-0.97), p = 0.033].
CONCLUSION
There is a need to develop strategies to alleviate psychological distress in the general population, with a particular focus on those who may be more vulnerable to distress such as females, the aged, excessive alcohol users, the unemployed, people living with HIV and those residing in urban areas as identified in the current findings.
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