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Simeone CA, Andrews JP, Johnson SP, Casalia M, Kochanski R, Chang EF, Cameron D, Dennison S, Inglis B, Scott G, Kruse-Elliott K, Okonski FF, Calvo E, Goulet K, Robles D, Griffin-Stence A, Kuiper E, Krasovec L, Field CL, Hoard VF, Baraban SC. Xenotransplantation of porcine progenitor cells in an epileptic California sea lion (Zalophus californianus): illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2022; 3:CASE21417. [PMID: 36273868 PMCID: PMC9379678 DOI: 10.3171/case21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domoic acid (DA) is a naturally occurring neurotoxin harmful to marine animals and humans. California sea lions exposed to DA in prey during algal blooms along the Pacific coast exhibit significant neurological symptoms, including epilepsy with hippocampal atrophy. OBSERVATIONS Here the authors describe a xenotransplantation procedure to deliver interneuron progenitor cells into the damaged hippocampus of an epileptic sea lion with suspected DA toxicosis. The sea lion has had no evidence of seizures after the procedure, and clinical measures of well-being, including weight and feeding habits, have stabilized. LESSONS These preliminary results suggest xenotransplantation has improved the quality of life for this animal and holds tremendous therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Simeone
- Sea Change Health, Kentfield, California
- Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, California
| | - John P. Andrews
- Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Mariana Casalia
- Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan Kochanski
- Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward F. Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | | | - F. Fabian Okonski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eric Calvo
- Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, California
| | - Kelly Goulet
- Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, California
| | - Dawn Robles
- Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, California
| | | | - Erin Kuiper
- Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, Vallejo, California
| | | | - Cara L. Field
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California; and
| | | | - Scott C. Baraban
- Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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