1
|
Cabarcas F, Galvan-Diaz AL, Arias-Agudelo LM, García-Montoya GM, Daza JM, Alzate JF. Cryptosporidium hominis Phylogenomic Analysis Reveals Separate Lineages With Continental Segregation. Front Genet 2021; 12:740940. [PMID: 34721528 PMCID: PMC8552020 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.740940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of waterborne outbreaks globally, and Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum are the principal cause of human cryptosporidiosis on the planet. Thanks to the advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) sequencing and bioinformatic software development, more than 100 genomes have been generated in the last decade using a metagenomic-like strategy. This procedure involves the parasite oocyst enrichment from stool samples of infected individuals, NGS sequencing, metagenomic assembly, parasite genome computational filtering, and comparative genomic analysis. Following this approach, genomes of infected individuals of all continents have been generated, although with striking different quality results. In this study, we performed a thorough comparison, in terms of assembly quality and purity, of 100+ de novo assembled genomes of C. hominis. Remarkably, after quality genome filtering, a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis allowed us to discover that C. hominis encompasses two lineages with continental segregation. These lineages were named based on the observed continental distribution bias as C. hominis Euro-American (EA) and the C. hominis Afro-Asian (AA) lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cabarcas
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Colombia.,Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Luz Galvan-Diaz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura M Arias-Agudelo
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gisela María García-Montoya
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo SISTEMIC, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo Pediaciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan M Daza
- Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Institute of Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo SISTEMIC, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo Pediaciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arias-Agudelo LM, Garcia-Montoya G, Cabarcas F, Galvan-Diaz AL, Alzate JF. Comparative genomic analysis of the principal Cryptosporidium species that infect humans. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10478. [PMID: 33344091 PMCID: PMC7718795 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parasites are ubiquitous and can infect a broad range of vertebrates and are considered the most frequent protozoa associated with waterborne parasitic outbreaks. The intestine is the target of three of the species most frequently found in humans: C. hominis, C. parvum, and. C. meleagridis. Despite the recent advance in genome sequencing projects for this apicomplexan, a broad genomic comparison including the three species most prevalent in humans have not been published so far. In this work, we downloaded raw NGS data, assembled it under normalized conditions, and compared 23 publicly available genomes of C. hominis, C. parvum, and C. meleagridis. Although few genomes showed highly fragmented assemblies, most of them had less than 500 scaffolds and mean coverage that ranged between 35X and 511X. Synonymous single nucleotide variants were the most common in C. hominis and C. meleagridis, while in C. parvum, they accounted for around 50% of the SNV observed. Furthermore, deleterious nucleotide substitutions common to all three species were more common in genes associated with DNA repair, recombination, and chromosome-associated proteins. Indel events were observed in the 23 studied isolates that spanned up to 500 bases. The highest number of deletions was observed in C. meleagridis, followed by C. hominis, with more than 60 species-specific deletions found in some isolates of these two species. Although several genes with indel events have been partially annotated, most of them remain to encode uncharacterized proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Arias-Agudelo
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica - CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gisela Garcia-Montoya
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica - CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Felipe Cabarcas
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica - CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.,Grupo SISTEMIC, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Ana L Galvan-Diaz
- Grupo de Microbiología ambiental. Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica - CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria - SIU, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|