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Pomeraniec IJ, Xu Z, Lee CC, Yang HC, Chytka T, Liscak R, Martinez-Alvarez R, Martinez-Moreno N, Attuati L, Picozzi P, Kondziolka D, Mureb M, Bernstein K, Mathieu D, Maillet M, Ogino A, Long H, Kano H, Lunsford LD, Zacharia BE, Mau C, Tuanquin LC, Cifarelli C, Arsanious D, Hack J, Warnick RE, Strickland BA, Zada G, Chang EL, Speckter H, Patel S, Ding D, Sheehan D, Sheehan K, Kvint S, Buch LY, Haber AR, Shteinhart J, Vance ML, Sheehan JP. Dose to neuroanatomical structures surrounding pituitary adenomas and the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery on neuroendocrine function: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:813-821. [PMID: 34560630 DOI: 10.3171/2021.3.jns203812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides a safe and effective therapeutic modality for patients with pituitary adenomas. The mechanism of delayed endocrine deficits based on targeted radiation to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis remains unclear. Radiation to normal neuroendocrine structures likely plays a role in delayed hypopituitarism after SRS. In this multicenter study by the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation (IRRF), the authors aimed to evaluate radiation tolerance of structures surrounding pituitary adenomas and identify predictors of delayed hypopituitarism after SRS for these tumors. METHODS This is a retrospective review of patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent single-fraction SRS from 1997 to 2019 at 16 institutions within the IRRF. Dosimetric point measurements of 14 predefined neuroanatomical structures along the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, and normal pituitary gland were made. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the impact of doses to critical structures on clinical, radiographic, and endocrine outcomes. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 521 pituitary adenomas treated with SRS. Tumor control was achieved in 93.9% of patients over a median follow-up period of 60.1 months, and 22.5% of patients developed new loss of pituitary function with a median treatment volume of 3.2 cm3. Median maximal radiosurgical doses to the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, and normal pituitary gland were 1.4, 7.2, and 11.3 Gy, respectively. Nonfunctioning adenoma status, younger age, higher margin dose, and higher doses to the pituitary stalk and normal pituitary gland were independent predictors of new or worsening hypopituitarism. Neither the dose to the hypothalamus nor the ratio between doses to the pituitary stalk and gland were significant predictors. The threshold of the median dose to the pituitary stalk for new endocrinopathy was 10.7 Gy in a single fraction (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.68, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS SRS for the treatment of pituitary adenomas affords a high tumor control rate with an acceptable risk of new or worsening endocrinopathy. This evaluation of point dosimetry to adjacent neuroanatomical structures revealed that doses to the pituitary stalk, with a threshold of 10.7 Gy, and doses to the normal gland significantly increased the risk of post-SRS hypopituitarism. In patients with preserved pre-SRS neuroendocrine function, limiting the dose to the pituitary stalk and gland while still delivering an optimal dose to the tumor appears prudent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Che Yang
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tomas Chytka
- 5Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Liscak
- 5Department of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Luca Attuati
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Picozzi
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Michel Maillet
- 11Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Akiyoshi Ogino
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hao Long
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Leonard C Tuanquin
- 14Radiation Oncology, Penn State Health-Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Joshua Hack
- 16Radiation Oncology, West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- 17Gamma Knife Center, Jewish Hospital, Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Eric L Chang
- 19Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Herwin Speckter
- 20Centro Gamma Knife Dominicano and Radiology Department, CEDIMAT, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Samir Patel
- 21Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dale Ding
- 22Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | | | | | - Svetlana Kvint
- 23Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Love Y Buch
- 23Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander R Haber
- 23Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob Shteinhart
- 23Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Lee Vance
- Departments of1Neurosurgery.,2Radiation Oncology, and.,3Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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2
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Tchelebi LT, Zaorsky NG, Rosenberg JC, Sharma NK, Tuanquin LC, Mackley HB, Ellis RJ. Reducing the Toxicity of Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer With Magnetic Resonance-guided Radiotherapy. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:19-23. [PMID: 32053201 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal malignancy for which surgery is currently considered to be the only curative treatment. However, less than a quarter of patients have disease amenable to definitive surgical resection. Local treatment with radiation therapy is a promising alternative to surgery for those patients with unresectable disease. However, conventional radiation techniques with computed tomography (CT)-guided therapy have yielded disappointing results due to the inability to deliver ablative doses of ionizing radiation, while sparing the radiosensitive adjacent organs at risk. Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has emerged as an alternative to CT-guided radiation treatment which allows for the delivery of higher doses of radiation with low toxicity to surrounding structures. Further study into the use of MRgRT and dose escalation for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | | | - Navesh K Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute
| | | | - Heath B Mackley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute
| | - Rodney J Ellis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute
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3
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Beg U, Snyder BM, Madhani SI, Hamidi N, Padmanaban V, Tuanquin LC, Kruser TJ, Connor J, Mansouri A. Current Landscape and Future Prospects of Radiation Sensitizers for Malignant Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:e839-e856. [PMID: 33974987 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is the cornerstone of management of malignant brain tumors, but its efficacy is limited in hypoxic tumors. Although numerous radiosensitizer compounds have been developed to enhance the effect of RT, progress has been stagnant. Through this systematic review, we provide an overview of radiosensitizers developed for malignant brain tumors, summarize their safety and efficacy, and evaluate areas for possible improvement. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched using terminology pertaining to radiosensitizers for brain tumor RT. Articles reporting clinical evidence of nonantineoplastic radiosensitizers with RT for malignant central nervous system tumors were included. Data of interest were presumed mechanism of action, median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events. RESULTS Twenty-two unique radiosensitizers were identified. Only 2/22 agents (fluosol with oxygen, and efaproxiral) showed improvement in OS in patients with glioblastoma and brain metastasis, respectively. A larger study was not able to confirm the latter. Improved PFS was reported with use of metronidazole, sodium glycididazole, and chloroquine. There was a wide range of toxicities, which prompted change of schedule or complete discontinuation of 9 agents. CONCLUSIONS Progress in radiosensitizers for malignant CNS tumors has been limited. Only 2 radiosensitizers have shown limited improvement in survival. Alternative strategies such as synthetic drug design, based on a mechanism of action that is independent of crossing the blood-brain barrier, may be necessary. Use of drug development strategies using new technologies to overcome past challenges is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Beg
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Nima Hamidi
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - James Connor
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn State Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn State Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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4
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Rusthoven CG, Yamamoto M, Bernhardt D, Smith DE, Gao D, Serizawa T, Yomo S, Aiyama H, Higuchi Y, Shuto T, Akabane A, Sato Y, Niranjan A, Faramand AM, Lunsford LD, McInerney J, Tuanquin LC, Zacharia BE, Chiang V, Singh C, Yu JB, Braunstein S, Mathieu D, Touchette CJ, Lee CC, Yang HC, Aizer AA, Cagney DN, Chan MD, Kondziolka D, Bernstein K, Silverman JS, Grills IS, Siddiqui ZA, Yuan JC, Sheehan JP, Cordeiro D, Nosaki K, Seto T, Deibert CP, Verma V, Day S, Halasz LM, Warnick RE, Trifiletti DM, Palmer JD, Attia A, Li B, Cifarelli CP, Brown PD, Vargo JA, Combs SE, Kessel KA, Rieken S, Patel S, Guckenberger M, Andratschke N, Kavanagh BD, Robin TP. Evaluation of First-line Radiosurgery vs Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases: The FIRE-SCLC Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:1028-1037. [PMID: 32496550 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is preferred for limited brain metastases from most histologies, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has remained the standard of care for patients with small cell lung cancer. Data on SRS are limited. Objective To characterize and compare first-line SRS outcomes (without prior WBRT or prophylactic cranial irradiation) with those of first-line WBRT. Design, Setting, and Participants FIRE-SCLC (First-line Radiosurgery for Small-Cell Lung Cancer) was a multicenter cohort study that analyzed SRS outcomes from 28 centers and a single-arm trial and compared these data with outcomes from a first-line WBRT cohort. Data were collected from October 26, 2017, to August 15, 2019, and analyzed from August 16, 2019, to November 6, 2019. Interventions SRS and WBRT for small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival, time to central nervous system progression (TTCP), and central nervous system (CNS) progression-free survival (PFS) after SRS were evaluated and compared with WBRT outcomes, with adjustment for performance status, number of brain metastases, synchronicity, age, sex, and treatment year in multivariable and propensity score-matched analyses. Results In total, 710 patients (median [interquartile range] age, 68.5 [62-74] years; 531 men [74.8%]) who received SRS between 1994 and 2018 were analyzed. The median overall survival was 8.5 months, the median TTCP was 8.1 months, and the median CNS PFS was 5.0 months. When stratified by the number of brain metastases treated, the median overall survival was 11.0 months (95% CI, 8.9-13.4) for 1 lesion, 8.7 months (95% CI, 7.7-10.4) for 2 to 4 lesions, 8.0 months (95% CI, 6.4-9.6) for 5 to 10 lesions, and 5.5 months (95% CI, 4.3-7.6) for 11 or more lesions. Competing risk estimates were 7.0% (95% CI, 4.9%-9.2%) for local failures at 12 months and 41.6% (95% CI, 37.6%-45.7%) for distant CNS failures at 12 months. Leptomeningeal progression (46 of 425 patients [10.8%] with available data) and neurological mortality (80 of 647 patients [12.4%] with available data) were uncommon. On propensity score-matched analyses comparing SRS with WBRT, WBRT was associated with improved TTCP (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.26-0.55; P < .001), without an improvement in overall survival (median, 6.5 months [95% CI, 5.5-8.0] for SRS vs 5.2 months [95% CI, 4.4-6.7] for WBRT; P = .003) or CNS PFS (median, 4.0 months for SRS vs 3.8 months for WBRT; P = .79). Multivariable analyses comparing SRS and WBRT, including subset analyses controlling for extracranial metastases and extracranial disease control status, demonstrated similar results. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that the primary trade-offs associated with SRS without WBRT, including a shorter TTCP without a decrease in overall survival, are similar to those observed in settings in which SRS is already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad G Rusthoven
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Aurora
| | | | - Denise Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derek E Smith
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Aurora
| | - Dexiang Gao
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Aurora
| | - Toru Serizawa
- Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yomo
- Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Higuchi
- Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shuto
- Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsuya Akabane
- Gamma Knife Center, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ajay Niranjan
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew M Faramand
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James McInerney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard C Tuanquin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charu Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James B Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steve Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - David Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles J Touchette
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Che Yang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ayal A Aizer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel N Cagney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Kenneth Bernstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Joshua S Silverman
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Inga S Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Zaid A Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Justin C Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Diogo Cordeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kename Nosaki
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahashi Seto
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Day
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Lia M Halasz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Albert Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Benjamin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John A Vargo
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Kessel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, The University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Andratschke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, The University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brian D Kavanagh
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Aurora
| | - Tyler P Robin
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Aurora
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5
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Bunevicius A, Suleiman M, Patel S, Martínez Álvarez R, Martinez Moreno NE, Liscak R, Hanuska J, Langlois AM, Mathieu D, Mau C, Caldwell C, Tuanquin LC, Zacharia BE, McInerney J, Lee CC, Yang HC, Peterson JL, Trifiletti DM, Ogino A, Kano H, Warnick RE, Saylany A, Buch LY, Lee JYK, Strickland BA, Zada G, Chang EL, Lunsford LD, Sheehan J. Stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of radiation-induced meningiomas: a multiinstitutional study. J Neurosurg 2021; 135:862-870. [PMID: 33385995 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.jns202064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is sometimes considered for selected RIMs. The authors investigated the effectiveness and safety of SRS for the management of RIMs. METHODS From 12 institutions participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation, the authors pooled patients who had prior cranial irradiation and were subsequently clinically diagnosed with WHO grade I meningiomas that were managed with SRS. RESULTS Fifty-two patients underwent 60 SRS procedures for histologically confirmed or radiologically suspected WHO grade I RIMs. The median ages at initial cranial radiation therapy and SRS for RIM were 5.5 years and 39 years, respectively. The most common reasons for cranial radiation therapy were leukemia (21%) and medulloblastoma (17%). There were 39 multiple RIMs (35%), the mean target volume was 8.61 ± 7.80 cm3, and the median prescription dose was 14 Gy. The median imaging follow-up duration was 48 months (range 4-195 months). RIM progressed in 9 patients (17%) at a median duration of 30 months (range 3-45 months) after SRS. Progression-free survival at 5 years post-SRS was 83%. Treatment volume ≥ 5 cm3 predicted progression (HR 8.226, 95% CI 1.028-65.857, p = 0.047). Seven patients (14%) developed new neurological symptoms or experienced SRS-related complications or T2 signal change from 1 to 72 months after SRS. CONCLUSIONS SRS is associated with durable local control of RIMs in the majority of patients and has an acceptable safety profile. SRS can be considered for patients and tumors that are deemed suboptimal, poor surgical candidates, and those whose tumor again progresses after removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adomas Bunevicius
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mohand Suleiman
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Samir Patel
- 2Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Roman Liscak
- 4Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Hanuska
- 4Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anne-Marie Langlois
- 5Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David Mathieu
- 5Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Mau
- 6Penn State Health, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Brad E Zacharia
- 6Penn State Health, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - James McInerney
- 6Penn State Health, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- 7Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Che Yang
- 7Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Akiyoshi Ogino
- 9Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- 9Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anissa Saylany
- 11Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Love Y Buch
- 11Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - John Y K Lee
- 11Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Gabriel Zada
- 12University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric L Chang
- 12University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- 9Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Sheehan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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