Zimmermann G, Bolter L, Sluka R, Höller Y, Bathke AC, Thomschewski A, Leis S, Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Trinka E. Sample sizes and statistical methods in interventional studies on individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.
J Evid Based Med 2019;
12:200-208. [PMID:
31231977 PMCID:
PMC6771853 DOI:
10.1111/jebm.12356]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM
Prevalence and incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) are low. However, sample sizes have not been systematically examined yet, although this might represent useful information for study planning and power considerations. Therefore, our objective was to determine the median sample size in clinical trials on SCI individuals. Moreover, within small-sample size studies, statistical methods and awareness of potential problems regarding small samples were examined.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed all studies on human SCI individuals published between 2014 and 2015, where the effect of an intervention on one or more health-related outcomes was assessed by means of a hypothesis test. If at least one group had a size <20, the study was classified as a small sample size study. PubMed was searched for eligible studies; subsequently, data on sample sizes and statistical methods were extracted and summarized descriptively.
RESULTS
Out of 8897 studies 207 were included. Median total sample size was 18 (range 4-582). Small sample sizes were found in 167/207 (81%) studies, resulting limitations and implications for statistical analyses were mentioned in 109/167 (65%) studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Although most recent SCI trials have been conducted with small samples, the consequences on statistical analysis methods and the validity of the results are rarely acknowledged.
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