Comparative penetration of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin in rabbit aqueous humor after topical dosing.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;
30:2177-82. [PMID:
15474833 DOI:
10.1016/j.jcrs.2004.06.048]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE
To evaluate the aqueous penetration of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin.
SETTING
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
METHODS
Forty eyes of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 experimental groups. In Experiment I rabbits (20 eyes), a commercial preparation of topical gatifloxacin 0.3% was administered to 9 eyes and moxifloxacin 0.5% to 9 eyes; 2 eyes served as a control. Eyes were dosed according to a keratitis protocol; ie, every 15 minutes for 4 hours. The aqueous humor was sampled 10 minutes after the last dose. Experiment II rabbits (20 eyes) were dosed according to a cataract prophylaxis protocol; ie, 4 times a day for 10 days. The aqueous humor was sampled 1 hour after the last dose of antibiotic in 12 eyes and 24 hours after the last dose in 8 eyes. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the fluoroquinolone concentration.
RESULTS
In the keratitis dosing protocol, the mean concentration of moxifloxacin in the aqueous (n=9) was 11.057 microg/mL (range 7.66 to 18.87 microg/mL), which was significantly higher than the mean concentration of gatifloxacin (n=8) (7.570 microg/mL [range 4.75 to 10.86 microg/mL]) (P=.030). In the cataract prophylaxis dosing protocol, the mean aqueous concentration of moxifloxacin (n=6) was 1.745 microg/mL (range 0.92 to 3.87 mg/mL). The mean concentration of gatifloxacin (n=6) was 1.207 microg/mL (range 0.44 to 2.44 microg/mL). The difference was not statistically significant (P=.359).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher mean levels (x1.46) of aqueous penetration were achieved with moxifloxacin than with gatifloxacin in the keratitis-dosing model. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 drugs in the cataract prophylaxis dosing model. Both antibiotics had aqueous levels in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration for most pathogenic organisms in both models.
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