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Sala-Hamrick KJ, Braciszewski JM, Yeh HH, Zelenak L, Westphal J, Beebani G, Frank C, Simon GE, Owen-Smith AA, Rossom RC, Lynch F, Lu CY, Waring SC, Harry ML, Beck A, Daida YG, Ahmedani BK. Diagnosed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Other Trauma-Associated Stress Disorders and Risk for Suicide Mortality. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:936-942. [PMID: 37143334 PMCID: PMC10497061 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Strong evidence exists for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors across diverse populations. However, few empirical studies have examined PTSD and other trauma-associated stress disorders as risk factors for suicide mortality among health system populations. This study aimed to assess trauma-associated stress diagnoses as risk factors for suicide mortality in a U.S. health system population. METHODS This case-control, matched-design study examined individuals who died by suicide between 2000 and 2015 and had received care from nine U.S. health systems affiliated with the Mental Health Research Network (N=3,330). Individuals who died by suicide were matched with individuals from the general health system population (N=333,000): 120 individuals with PTSD who died by suicide were matched with 1,592 control group members, 84 with acute reaction to stress were matched with 2,218 control individuals, and 331 with other stress reactions were matched with 8,174 control individuals. RESULTS After analyses were adjusted for age and sex, individuals with any trauma-associated stress condition were more likely to have died by suicide. Risk was highest among individuals with PTSD (adjusted OR [AOR]=10.10, 95% CI=8.31-12.27), followed by those with other stress reactions (AOR=5.38, 95% CI=4.78-6.06) and those with acute reaction to stress (AOR=4.49, 95% CI=3.58-5.62). Patterns of risk remained the same when the analyses were adjusted for any comorbid psychiatric condition. CONCLUSIONS All trauma-associated stress disorders are risk factors for suicide mortality, highlighting the importance of health system suicide prevention protocols that consider the full spectrum of traumatic stress diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Sala-Hamrick
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Jordan M Braciszewski
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Hsueh-Han Yeh
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Logan Zelenak
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Joslyn Westphal
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Ganj Beebani
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Cathrine Frank
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Gregory E Simon
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Ashli A Owen-Smith
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Rebecca C Rossom
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Frances Lynch
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Stephen C Waring
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Melissa L Harry
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Arne Beck
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Yihe G Daida
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
| | - Brian K Ahmedani
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research (Sala-Hamrick, Braciszewski, Yeh, Zelenak, Westphal, Ahmedani) and Department of Psychiatry (Braciszewski, Beebani, Frank, Ahmedani), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit; Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle (Simon); Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, and Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta (Owen-Smith); HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota (Rossom); Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Lynch); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Lu); Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota (Waring, Harry); Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver (Beck); Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu (Daida)
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Miller-Matero LR, Ross K, DePascale E, Arellano C, Zelenak L, Braciszewski JM, Hecht LM, Haley EN, Loree AM, Carlin AM. Post-surgical cannabis use is associated with weight loss among individuals up to 4 years after bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-023-10126-6. [PMID: 37202524 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cannabis is known to stimulate appetite, it is not clear whether cannabis use may impact weight loss outcomes following bariatric surgery. Although some work has suggested that pre-surgical cannabis use is not associated with post-surgical weight loss, the role of post-surgical cannabis use has not yet been examined. The purpose of this study was to measure pre- and post-surgical cannabis use and determine whether cannabis use was associated with weight loss outcomes following bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients who underwent bariatric surgery over a 4-year period at a single health care system were invited to complete a survey regarding pre- and post-surgical cannabis use and report their current weight. Pre-surgical weight and BMI were extracted from medical records to calculate change in BMI (ΔBMI), percent total weight loss (%TWL), percent excess weight loss (%EWL), whether participants experienced a successful weight loss outcome, and whether participants had weight recurrence. RESULTS Among all participants (N = 759), 10.7% and 14.5% engaged in pre- and post-surgical cannabis use, respectively. Pre-surgical cannabis use was not associated with any weight loss outcomes (p > 0.05). Any post-surgical cannabis use was associated with lower %EWL (p = 0.04) and greater likelihood of weight recurrence (p = 0.04). Weekly cannabis use was associated with lower %EWL (p = 0.003), lower %TWL (p = 0.04), and a lower likelihood of having a successful weight loss outcome (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Although pre-surgical cannabis use may not predict weight loss outcomes, post-surgical cannabis was associated with poorer weight loss outcomes. Frequent use (i.e., weekly) may be especially problematic. Providers should consider screening patients for cannabis use and educate them about the potential impact of postoperative cannabis use on weight loss following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Miller-Matero
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Kaitlin Ross
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eve DePascale
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | | | - Logan Zelenak
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jordan M Braciszewski
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Leah M Hecht
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Erin N Haley
- Behavioral Health, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Amy M Loree
- Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, 1 Ford Place, 5E, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Arthur M Carlin
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
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