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O'Carroll CC, Welch BT, Walker MA, Ogilvie AT, Gaschen L, Hoddinott KL. Decompressive craniectomy surgery in a dog with intracranial extradural hematoma following blunt force trauma. Can Vet J 2024; 65:437-442. [PMID: 38694740 PMCID: PMC11017925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A young miniature poodle was presented following blunt force trauma to the head. The dog initially responded well to medical management before developing clinical signs associated with increased intracranial pressure 48 h post-injury that became refractory to hyperosmolar therapy. A computed tomography scan obtained 76 h post-injury showed a short, oblique, non-displaced, complete fissure in the right temporal bone and a second short, oblique, non-displaced, complete fissure in the ventral aspect of the temporal bone. A biconvex, moderately hyperattenuating, space-occupying temporoparietal lesion was visualized immediately adjacent to the area of the temporal fractures. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of intracranial extradural hematoma. Decompressive craniectomy successfully evacuated the extradural hematoma to alleviate increased intracranial pressure. The dog's neurologic function recovered quickly postoperatively. At follow-up physical examinations at 14 and 437 d, excellent return to function was noted. Key clinical message: This report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of an intracranial extradural hematoma in a dog with increased intracranial pressure refractory to medical management. Furthermore, this report describes the diagnostic imaging findings used to diagnose this particular form of primary brain injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Decompressive Craniectomy/veterinary
- Dog Diseases/surgery
- Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/veterinary
- Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery
- Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/etiology
- Head Injuries, Closed/veterinary
- Head Injuries, Closed/complications
- Head Injuries, Closed/surgery
- Male
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary
- Female
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran C O'Carroll
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
| | - Bryan T Welch
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
| | - Meagan A Walker
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
| | - Adam T Ogilvie
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
| | - Katie L Hoddinott
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 (O'Carroll, Welch, Walker, Ogilvie, Hoddinott); VetCT, 21 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom (Gaschen)
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Blank C, Granger LA, Gaschen L, Liu CC, Gaschen F. Fluoroscopically measured bronchial collapse in healthy dogs during cough exceeds 25%, and a cutoff of 60% bronchial collapse can be used to distinguish healthy from chronically coughing dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:219-226. [PMID: 38363122 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchomalacia, the weakening of bronchial cartilage, is a common cause of cough in dogs. The gold standard for diagnosis of bronchomalacia is bronchoscopy; however, fluoroscopy is often used as a preliminary diagnostic test due to its noninvasiveness. The normal amount of bronchial collapse in healthy dogs using fluoroscopy has not been previously established, with some authors citing <25%. The aims of this prospective and retrospective analytical observational study were to determine the normal amount of airway collapse in healthy animals, the amount of airway collapse in dogs with chronic cough and presumed bronchomalacia, and cut-off values of airway collapse during expiration and cough to distinguish between the two groups. Thoracic fluoroscopy was performed in right and left lateral recumbency during inspiration, expiration, and cough to evaluate the percentage collapse of the trachea and lobar bronchi in 45 healthy and 76 chronically coughing dogs. The bronchi of chronically coughing dogs exhibited a significantly greater amount of collapse during both expiration and cough compared with healthy dogs. Chronically coughing dogs exhibited up to 31.7 ± 26.6% collapse in expiration and 87.5 ± 23.7% collapse during cough, whereas healthy dogs exhibited 14.9 ± 6.1% collapse in expiration and 35.0 ± 13.7% collapse during cough. Based on ROC curves, the authors suggest using cut-off values of 30% during expiration and 60% during cough to distinguish between healthy dogs and those with presumed bronchomalacia. Findings suggest that though healthy dogs can exhibit a greater degree of airway collapse than previously thought, fluoroscopy can be used to distinguish between healthy and presumed bronchomalacic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Blank
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - L Abbigail Granger
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- VetCT, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frederic Gaschen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. Response to letter regarding "ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats". J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:17. [PMID: 38032253 PMCID: PMC10800204 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mestrinho LA, Sebastião SSF, Zwierucho MA, Lutchman A, Gaschen L, Goldschmidt S, Thatcher G, Izumisawa Y, Meeson RL. CT characterisation and classification of feline temporomandibular joint trauma: a case series of 79 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:1181-1186. [PMID: 35098776 PMCID: PMC10812329 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211066654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise and describe patterns of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries occurring in cats using CT. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in adherence with the STROBE guidelines. Among the medical and CT records of 79 cats, 158 TMJs were reviewed in a collaborative study between six institutions. RESULTS TMJ injuries were most commonly unilateral, representing 70.9% of cases. The mandibular condyle was fractured in 88 cases (55.7%) of the 158 TMJs observed. Of those, 84.0% were intra-articular condyle fractures, with the medial half of the mandibular condyle over-represented. Luxations occurred in 32.9% of cases, which was 19.0% of all evaluated TMJs. Rostrodorsal luxations were most common representing 87.0% of all luxations. Temporal bone fractures were observed in 30.4% of all cases, which was 18.4% of TMJs. The majority of fractures were of an unknown cause. When the cause was determined, road traffic accident (RTA) was the most frequent, followed by animal interaction, other external forces (sharp or blunt force) and high-rise trauma. Bilateral injuries were 13.1 times more likely to occur in high-rise trauma (P = 0.01) and temporal bone fracture was significantly associated with RTAs (P = 0.016). No other significant associations were observed between cause of injury and the resulting TMJ injury pattern. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Various TMJ injury patterns can occur in cats as a result of trauma. Intra-articular fractures of the medial half of the mandibular condyle occur most commonly. Although unilateral injuries are more frequent, high-rise trauma tends to present with bilateral lesions. Further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to better understand TMJ patterns of injury and how they relate to possible causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Mestrinho
- CIISA, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Aaron Lutchman
- Department Clinical Science and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Graham Thatcher
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yu Izumisawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard L Meeson
- Department Clinical Science and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, UK
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Seiler GS, Cohen EB, d'Anjou MA, French J, Gaschen L, Knapp S, Salwei RM, Saunders HM. ACVR and ECVDI Consensus Statement for the Standardization of the Abdominal Ultrasound Examination. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:661-674. [PMID: 36189784 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This consensus statement is designed to provide a standard of care document and describes the ACVR and ECVDI definition for performing a standard abdominal ultrasound examination in dogs and cats. The ACVR and ECVDI define a standard abdominal ultrasonographic examination as a complete exam of the abdominal organs which is appropriately documented. The consensus statement intends to provide guidance to veterinary sonographers and veterinarians for the performance and documentation of high-quality diagnostic ultrasound examination. The document may also serve as a teaching aid for veterinary students, veterinarians, and residents in diagnostic imaging who seek proficiency in diagnostic ultrasound. Finally, it may serve an additional role in educating the public as to what a high-quality abdominal ultrasound examination should entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Seiler
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eli B Cohen
- Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John French
- Antech Imaging Services, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephanie Knapp
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners of North Carolina, Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - H Mark Saunders
- Lynks Group, PLC Veterinary Imaging, Shelburne, Vermont, USA
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Barden LEB, Gaschen L, Hampton CDCC, Takawira C, Liu CC, Nourbakhsh A, Lopez MJ. Computed tomography myelography technique and spinal morphometry in healthy Yucatan pigs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266396. [PMID: 35482719 PMCID: PMC9049495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine models of spinal cord injury (SCI) have an irreplaceable role in the development of experimental therapies. There is little literature regarding CT myelogram (CTM) techniques in swine and morphometry in miniature swine has not been established. A CT-guided method for performing myelography as well as reference values for spinal morphometry in healthy Yucatan miniature swine is lacking. The goal of this study is to describe a CT-guided method of performing CTM in a porcine model of SCI and to establish spinal morphometric reference values in mature Yucatan pigs. Six healthy, Yucatan sows, 9 months of age, weighing between 39–57.7kg, with no history of spinal disease, spinal injury, or neurologic deficits on physical exam were used in this study. CT myelography was performed in each sow under general anesthesia. CT scout images were used to guide needle placement at the L3-L4 intervertebral site. Once correct needle placement was confirmed using a 1ml test injection, a full dose of iodinated contrast (0.3ml/kg) was injected slowly over a 2-minute time period. Morphometry was performed using area measurements of the spinal cord (SC), vertebral body (VB), dural sac (DS), and vertebral canal (VC) at the mid-body and the intervertebral disc space of each spinal segment. Of the quantitative measurements, the spinal cord surface area had the widest range of values and the greatest coefficient of variance (CV) while those parameters for the vertebral canal had a low CV. Of the morphometric ratios, the DS:VC, had the lowest CV while the spinal cord ratios to DS and VC had the highest (>30). The vertebral canal surface area and the dural space: vertebral canal ratio may serve as reference values in future studies using this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelia E. B. Barden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara De Caro Carella Hampton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Takawira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Ali Nourbakhsh
- WellStar Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mandi J. Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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7
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Rutherford S, Gaschen F, Husnik R, Fletcher J, Gaschen L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the effects of azithromycin on antral motility and gastric emptying in healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:508-514. [PMID: 35150012 PMCID: PMC8965205 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with motilin agonist properties, shortens gastric emptying (GE) time in healthy cats. Azithromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, is effective for treatment of gastric paresis in people. Objectives To evaluate the effects of azithromycin on GE and gastric motility in healthy cats in comparison with erythromycin (positive control) and placebo. Animals Eight healthy purpose‐bred cats. Methods Prospective, blinded, crossover study. Cats received either azithromycin (3.5 mg/kg PO q24h), erythromycin (1 mg/kg PO q8h), or placebo for 24 hours before and during evaluation of GE. A validated method using ultrasound for sequential measurements of antral area as well as amplitude and frequency of contractions was used to assess GE and evaluate gastric antral motility postprandially over an 8‐hour period. Results GE was significantly faster (P < .05) after administration of azithromycin and erythromycin when compared to placebo in the late phase of fractional emptying from 75% (mean ± SD: 327 ± 51 minutes, 327 ± 22 minutes, and 367 ± 29 minutes, respectively), to 95% fractional emptying (399 ± 52 minutes, 404 ± 11 minutes, and 444 ± 24 minutes, respectively). The drugs had no significant effect on antral motility variables at any time point. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Azithromycin and erythromycin shorten GE time in a comparable manner in healthy cats. Evaluation of their efficacy in cats with gastric dysmotility is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rutherford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frederic Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Roman Husnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Donecker J, Lattimer JC, Gaschen L, Aulakh KS. Safety and Clinical Response Following a Repeat Intraarticular Injection of Tin-117m (117mSn) Colloid in Dogs with Elbow Osteoarthritis. Vet Med (Auckl) 2021; 12:325-335. [PMID: 34950571 PMCID: PMC8691448 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s345144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine if a repeat intraarticular (IA) injection of a tin-117m colloid radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) agent can be safely given in the same joint 12 months after an initial injection for treatment of canine elbow osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate the pain reduction effect of the repeat injection. Methods and Materials Nine client owned dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA were given an IA injection of tin-117m colloid in both elbows, one of which had been treated ≤12 months earlier with the same RSO device. Treatment safety was evaluated by joint fluid analysis at baseline (BL) and at 180 days after treatment, and by urinalysis, CBC, and serum chemistry analysis of diagnostic samples obtained at BL and 180 days. Radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI scans were obtained at BL and 180 days to determine if disease progression differed in elbows given one versus two injections. Clinical response to treatment was assessed subjectively by dog owner responses to the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) survey at BL, 90 and 180 days, and objectively by investigator-conducted force plate (FP) analysis of dogs at BL, 90, and 180 days. Results All post-treatment urinalysis, CBC and clinical chemistry results were within normal ranges. Joint fluid analysis showed a significant (P=0.0411) reduction in the percentage of monocytes at 180 days, consistent with the tin-117m colloid mode of action of apoptosis of pro-inflammatory macrophages at the injection site. There was no significant difference in OA progression in elbows given one or two injections. The treatment success rate was 55.5% (5/9) on day 90 as determined either by CBPI responses or FP analysis, and 66.6% (6/9) on day 180 as determined by FP analysis. Conclusion The tin-117m colloid can be safely given as a repeat injection 12 months after an initial injection, and can potentially provide a durable therapeutic response in dogs with elbow OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Donecker
- Exubrion Therapeutics, Inc., Buford, GA, USA
- Correspondence: John Donecker Exubrion Therapeutics, Inc., 5203 Bristol Industrial Way, Buford, GA, 30518Tel +1-336-552-6027 Email
| | - Jimmy C Lattimer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Donecker J, Fabiani M, Gaschen L, Aulakh KS. Treatment response in dogs with naturally occurring grade 3 elbow osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection of 117mSn (tin) colloid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254613. [PMID: 34280212 PMCID: PMC8289027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The radionuclide 117mSn (tin-117m) embedded in a homogeneous colloid is a novel radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) device for intra-articular (IA) administration to treat synovial inflammation and mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. A study to evaluate tin-117m colloid treatment response in dogs with OA was conducted at two centers, the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, and at a referral practice in Houston, Texas. The tin-117m colloid was administered per-protocol to 14 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed, grade 3 OA in one or both elbow joints. Dog owners and attending clinicians assessed the level of pain at baseline (BL) and the post-treatment pain response at 90-day intervals for one year. Owners assessed treatment response according to a pain severity score (PSS) and a pain interference score (PIS) as defined by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Clinicians reported a lameness score using a 0–5 scale, from no lameness to continuous non-weight bearing lameness, when observing dogs at a walk and a trot. The rate of treatment success as determined by improved mean PSS and PIS scores reported by dog owners was >70% at all time points. Clinicians reported an improved mean pain score from BL at post-treatment Days 90 (p<0.05), 180, and 270. The dog owner and clinician assessments of treatment success were significantly correlated (p>0.05) at Day 90 and Day 180 time points. Results indicated that a single IA dose of tin-117m colloid provided a significant reduction in pain and lameness and improved functionality for up to a full year, with no adverse treatment related effects, in a high percentage of dogs with advanced, clinical OA of the elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Donecker
- Exubrion Therapeutics, Buford, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Fabiani
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Karanvir Singh Aulakh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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10
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Aulakh KS, Lopez MJ, Hudson C, Gaschen L, Fabiani M, Beale B, Andrews FM, Liu CC, Lattimer J. Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Intra-Articular Injection of Tin-117m ( 117mSn) Radiosynoviorthesis Agent for Management of Naturally Occurring Elbow Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Med (Auckl) 2021; 12:117-128. [PMID: 34113552 PMCID: PMC8187093 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s295309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical effects of an intra-articular injection of 117mSn-colloid for management of canine grade 1 or 2 elbow osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and Methods This was a prospective study in 23 dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA. An orthopedic examination and elbow radiographs were performed to confirm the presence of OA. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive unilateral intra-articular (IA) injection of low-dose (LD: 1.0mCi, n =8), medium-dose (MD: 1.75mCi, n =6), or high-dose (HD: 2.5mCi, n =9) of 117mSn-colloid. The primary outcome measure was peak vertical force (PVF) from force-plate gait analysis and secondary outcome measures included the Canine Brief Pain Inventory score (CBPI) and elbow goniometry. The CBPI was evaluated at pretreatment and then monthly post treatment for 1 year, and goniometry and PVF were evaluated at pretreatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post treatment. Results PVF improved at 3, and 9 months compared to pretreatment values in the HD group. CBPI scores improved at most of the time points in all dose groups. There was no significant difference in elbow goniometry between treated and untreated elbows. There were no self-reports of any adverse effects of the injection by the owners and none were noted by the examining veterinarian at the time of regularly scheduled re-evaluations. Conclusion 117mSn IA injection was free of any obvious adverse effects, improved CBPI scores, and increased weight bearing in limbs with elbow OA providing preliminary evidence that 117mSn may be beneficial in the management of elbow OA in dogs. Although 17mSn appeared to be effective for management of elbow OA in these dogs, this pilot study has inherent limitations; therefore, future studies with larger numbers and with placebo group are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir S Aulakh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Caleb Hudson
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Brian Beale
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank M Andrews
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jimmy Lattimer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. Response to letter regarding "ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats". J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1646-1647. [PMID: 34021507 PMCID: PMC8295654 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. Response to letter regarding "ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats". J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1650-1651. [PMID: 34021509 PMCID: PMC8295698 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Cruz-Sanabria JA, Gaschen L, Bragulla HH, Mitchell M, Leise BS. A study of ultrasound-guided perineural injection of the caudal cervical spinal nerve roots in equine cadavers. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:603-611. [PMID: 34059458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an ultrasound-guided cervical perineural injection technique for horses and to evaluate and compare the distribution of contrast agent among perineural, intra-articular and periarticular injections. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, experimental cadaveric study. ANIMALS A total of 14 equine cadaveric necks. METHODS Bilateral ultrasound-guided perineural injection technique for the caudal cervical spinal nerve roots (CSNRs 5-7) was developed. Paramagnetic or iodinated contrast was injected and the distribution of contrast was evaluated using magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomography (CT) imaging, respectively. The presence of contrast in the CSNR region was determined by an observer unaware of the technique used for each injection performed. The ability of the perineural injection technique to distribute contrast agent to the CSNR region was compared with intra-articular and periarticular injection techniques. RESULTS Perineural injection delivered contrast agent to the CSNR region 100% of the time and was significantly different when compared with intra-articular injection (p = 0.008). There was no difference in ability to deliver contrast agent to the CSNR region between the perineural and periarticular injection techniques or between the intra-articular and periarticular injection techniques. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ultrasound-guided perineural injection technique developed in this study accurately delivered contrast agent to the CSNR region in equine cadavers. This technique could potentially be used for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical pain in horses, particularly in cases where intra-articular cervical articular process joint injections have not been beneficial. Further studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness of the ultrasound-guided perineural injection technique in live horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonuel A Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hermann H Bragulla
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mark Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Britta S Leise
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:703-723. [PMID: 33587762 PMCID: PMC7995362 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatitis in cats, although commonly diagnosed, still presents many diagnostic and management challenges. Objective To summarize the current literature as it relates to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of pancreatitis in cats and to arrive at clinically relevant suggestions for veterinary clinicians that are based on evidence, and where such evidence is lacking, based on consensus of experts in the field. Animals None. Methods A panel of 8 experts in the field (5 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 clinical pathologist, and 1 anatomic pathologist), with support from a librarian, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer reviewed literature and complement it with consensus clinical recommendations. Results There was little literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of spontaneous pancreatitis in cats, but there was much in the literature about the disease in humans, along with some experimental evidence in cats and nonfeline species. Most evidence was in the area of diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, which was summarized carefully. In contrast, there was little evidence on the management of pancreatitis in cats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Pancreatitis is amenable to antemortem diagnosis by integrating all clinical and diagnostic information available, and recognizing that acute pancreatitis is far easier to diagnose than chronic pancreatitis. Although both forms of pancreatitis can be managed successfully in many cats, management measures are far less clearly defined for chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Miles S, Gaschen L, Presley T, Liu CC, Granger LA. Influence of repeat abdominal radiographs on the resolution of mechanical obstruction and gastrointestinal foreign material in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:282-288. [PMID: 33511654 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical obstruction is a common cause of acute vomiting among small animals and radiography is the first line diagnostic tool. Due to many circumstances, surgery may not be an immediate treatment option. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional design study is to determine the incidence of radiographic resolution of mechanical obstruction or gastrointestinal foreign material with medical management. Inclusion criteria included: clinical signs of vomiting, radiographic diagnosis of mechanical obstruction, suspect mechanical obstruction, foreign material suspected or definitively identified on the first set of radiographs and a second set of repeat radiographs within 36 h. Radiographic resolution was dependent on the location of dilation; 18/48 (37.5%) resolved were gastric, 6/35 (17.1%) were small intestinal, and 4/35 (11.4%) had concurrent gastric and small intestinal obstruction. Gastric dilation was more likely to resolve than SI dilation or both gastric and small intestinal dilation (P = .0119). Forty-nine animals without resolution went to surgery, with two developing pneumoperitoneum, and seven requiring intestinal resection, three of which had linear foreign bodies and three had intestinal masses/strictures. In conclusion, only 17.1% of animals with small intestinal dilation and a radiographic diagnosis of mechanical ileus resolved on repeat radiographs, and only 11.4% of animals with both small intestinal and gastric dilation resolved. Gastric dilation alone was more likely to resolve than small intestinal dilation or a combination of both. This may help to guide practitioners in recommendations for medical management of mechanical ileus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Miles
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trace Presley
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University
| | - L Abbigail Granger
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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16
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Blank C, Ahuja R, McGovern D, Gaschen F, Gaschen L. Adult-onset regurgitation in two dogs with partial oesophageal constriction caused by vascular ring anomaly. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:717. [PMID: 32856737 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Blank
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - R Ahuja
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - D McGovern
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - F Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - L Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Husnik R, Gaschen FP, Fletcher JM, Gaschen L. Ultrasonographic assessment of the effect of metoclopramide, erythromycin, and exenatide on solid-phase gastric emptying in healthy cats. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1440-1446. [PMID: 32515089 PMCID: PMC7379023 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Available data on the effect of gastrointestinal motility‐modifying drugs in cats are limited. Most recommendations for drug usage and dosage are based on collective clinical experience. Objectives To assess the effects of metoclopramide, erythromycin, and exenatide on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric motility in comparison to placebo. We hypothesized that metoclopramide and erythromycin would have prokinetic gastric effects, whereas exenatide would prolong GE times and decrease the motility index (MI) of antral contractions. Animals Eight healthy domestic shorthair cats. Methods Each cat had 4 separate ultrasonographic assessments. In a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, 4‐way crossover design, cats received placebo, metoclopramide, erythromycin, or exenatide for 2 days followed by a minimum 5‐day washout period. Ultrasonographic GE times and MI were compared to placebo. Results When compared to placebo, the rate of GE was significantly faster after administration of metoclopramide and erythromycin. Significant differences were found at all fractions of GE after administration of erythromycin and all but 1 fraction after metoclopramide when compared to placebo. The rate of GE in the first half of the GE curve was significantly slower after exenatide administration. The total area under the Ml curve was significantly larger after administration of metoclopramide and erythromycin than after placebo. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Metoclopramide and erythromycin shorten GE times and increase the MI of antral contractions, thus having a prokinetic effect in the stomach of healthy cats, whereas exenatide causes an initial delay in GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Husnik
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederic P Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Madere BC, Dedeaux A, Negrao Watanabe TT, Wakamatsu N, Gaschen L, Bennett R, Lara D, Boudreaux B. Myxosarcoma Associated with the Kidney in a Cat: Case Report. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:e56202. [PMID: 31961219 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 12 yr old spayed female domestic shorthair with a history of lethargy, anorexia, and a pendulous abdomen was referred after a cranial abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. Thoracic radiographs and an abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass associated with the kidney and moderate hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed abdominal hemorrhage originating from a right renal mass that was adhered to the caudal vena cava. Following a right nephrectomy, histopathology diagnosed the mass as a perirenal/renal myxosarcoma. Based upon thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound, the patient remains disease free at 14 mo postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Champagne Madere
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andrea Dedeaux
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrao Watanabe
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Roger Bennett
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Dorian Lara
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Bonnie Boudreaux
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (B.C.M., A.D., L.G., R.B., D.L., B.B.), and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (T.T.N.W., N.W.), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Paradise H, Gaschen L, Wanderer M, Liu CC, Granger LA. Performing both lateral abdominal radiographs may not improve the visualization of gas in the gastric outflow tract of cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:633-639. [PMID: 31460684 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports in the veterinary literature support three-view abdominal radiographs as a standard of practice for evaluating dogs with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The usefulness of three-view abdominal studies has not been evaluated in cats. Images from a prospective crossover group study with 20 healthy cats, and those from a retrospective cohort study of 110 cats, were reviewed and the location and degree of gas was assessed in the gastric outflow tract. Comparisons of the frequency of luminal gas were made between the views and between cats with GI disease versus cats without and between cats having sedation versus those without. Chi-Square analysis was performed with P < .05 being considered significant. No significant difference was found in the location and degree of luminal gas in left versus right lateral views in all cats regardless of the order in which the views were obtained or in cats with GI disease versus cats without. Cats with gastric dilation had a higher overall frequency of gas; those with dilation with homogeneous material were higher than those with dilation with heterogeneous material. A higher frequency of gas was found in sedated cats than nonsedated, but further study is needed to determine the underlying cause. Based on these findings, a three-view abdominal study for cats as a standard of practice may not be necessary, but obtaining the additional lateral view when gastric dilation is present might allow better visualization of the pyloric antrum and duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Paradise
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Mara Wanderer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - L Abbigail Granger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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20
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Sakaguchi K, Kim K, Langohr I, Wise AG, Maes RK, Pirie G, Yanai T, Haridy M, Gaschen L, Del Piero F. Zebra-borne neurotropic equid herpesvirus 1 meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii). J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:548-556. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717707000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of a case of meningoencephalitis in a Thomson’s gazelle ( Eudorcas thomsonii) naturally infected with zebra-borne equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and the implications for the molecular detection of zebra-borne EHV-1. A 4-y-old female Thomson’s gazelle was submitted for postmortem examination; no gross abnormalities were noted except for meningeal congestion. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated multifocal nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with intranuclear eosinophilic and amphophilic inclusion bodies and EHV-9 antigen in neurons. PCR demonstrated the presence of a herpesvirus with a nucleotide sequence 99–100% identical to the corresponding sequences of zebra-borne EHV-1 and of EHV-9 strains. To determine whether EHV-1 or EHV-9 was involved, a PCR with a specific primer set for EHV-9 ORF59/60 was used. The sequence was identical to that of 3 recognized zebra-borne EHV-1 strains and 91% similar to that of EHV-9. This isolate was designated as strain LM2014. The partial glycoprotein G ( gG) gene sequence of LM2014 was also identical to the sequence of 2 zebra-borne EHV-1 strains (T-529 isolated from an onager, 94-137 from a Thomson’s gazelle). The histologic lesions of encephalitis and antigen localization in this gazelle indicate prominent viral neurotropism, and lesions were very similar to those seen in EHV-1– and EHV-9–infected non-equid species. Histologic lesions caused by EHV-9 and zebra-borne EHV-1 are therefore indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sakaguchi
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Ingeborg Langohr
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Annabel G. Wise
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Roger K. Maes
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Gordon Pirie
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Mohie Haridy
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiology, Baton Rouge, LA (Sakaguchi, Kim, Langohr, Gaschen, Del Piero)
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (Wise, Maes)
- Baton Rouge Zoo, Baton Rouge, LA (Pirie)
- Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Yanai, Haridy)
- South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (Haridy)
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Husnik R, Fletcher JM, Gaschen L, Gaschen FP. Validation of Ultrasonography for Assessment of Gastric Emptying Time in Healthy Cats by Radionuclide Scintigraphy. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:394-401. [PMID: 28220541 PMCID: PMC5354052 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of gastric emptying (GE) disorders in cats is unknown due to lack of clinically applicable diagnostic tests. Objectives The principal aim of this study was to assess correlation between scintigraphic and ultrasonographic measurements of GE time (GET) in healthy cats. Additionally, variability of ultrasonographic GET, and correlation between scintigraphy and ultrasonographic parameters of gastric motility were evaluated. Animals Eight healthy domestic shorthair cats. Methods Prospective study. Scintigraphic GET was determined using a solid test meal containing 4 mCi 99mTc‐mebrofenin. Each cat had 3 separate ultrasonographic assessments of GE, performed independent of scintigraphic assessment, after solid test meal consumption. The motility index (MI) of antral contractions was plotted against time and time for each fraction of the area under the MI curve determined. Ultrasonographic GET and MI were correlated to scintigraphic GET. Results Scintigraphic GET (mean ± SD) for 25, 50, and 75% GE was 103 ± 32 minutes, 196 ± 45 minutes, and 288 ± 62 minutes, whereas sonographic GET for 25, 50, and 75% GE was 106 ± 13 minutes, 203 ± 19 minutes, and 305 ± 27 minutes. There was good correlation between scintigraphic and sonographic GET (r = 0.72–0.82) at 45–90% fractional GE and between scintigraphic GET and time of corresponding MI curve fraction (r = 0.78–0.86) at 40–90% fraction of the MI curve. There was moderate intraindividual variability for sonographic GET and MI curve fraction times as well as significant variation among individuals. Conclusions and clinical importance Ultrasonography is a valid alternative to scintigraphy for assessment of solid‐phase GE and allows assessment of postprandial gastric motility in healthy cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Husnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - J M Fletcher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - L Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - F P Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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DiGiovanni DL, Rademacher N, Riggs LM, Baumruck RA, Gaschen L. DYNAMIC SONOGRAPHY OF THE EQUINE METACARPO(TARSO)PHALANGEAL DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON SHEATH. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:621-629. [PMID: 27561594 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmar/plantar annular desmitis is a common disease that may be associated with adhesions and structures affecting the flexor tendons, which requires tenoscopy to diagnose. The purpose of this descriptive study was to develop a dynamic sonographic technique for evaluating the motion of normal equine flexor tendons in relation to the palmar/plantar annular ligament and to compare findings with horses previously diagnosed with palmar/plantar annular desmitis. Ten healthy adult horses were examined prospectively and the images of four horses diagnosed with palmar/plantar annular desmitis were retrospectively evaluated. Dynamic sonography was performed at the level of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint by maximally extending and flexing the interphalangeal joints. Palmar/plantar annular ligament thickness (mm), size of any gap between the flexor tendons, and subjectively increased angulation of the long linear echoes of the superficial digital flexor tendon were measured. The presence of gliding motion between the palmar/plantar annular ligament and superficial digital flexor tendon was determined by consensus. Twenty-eight healthy control limbs (16 hind/12 fore) and four with palmar/plantar annular desmitis (3 hind/1 fore) were evaluated. Controls had unrestricted gliding motion between the palmar/plantar annular ligament and flexor tendons and zero to 13° of angulation of the long linear echoes. The four affected horses had restricted gliding motion and between 20-35° angulation of the long linear echoes. Dynamic ultrasound is a feasible technique for detecting restricted flexor tendon and palmar/plantar annular ligament gliding motion, as well as subjectively increased angulation of the long linear echoes of the flexor tendon in affected horses compared with controls and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L DiGiovanni
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Laura M Riggs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Baumruck
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Brandão J, Reynolds CA, Beaufrère H, Serio J, Blair RV, Gaschen L, Johnson JG, Del Piero F, Barker SA, Nevarez JG, Tully TN. Cardiomyopathy in a Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 249:221-7. [PMID: 27379599 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An adult sexually intact female Harris hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) housed at a wildlife hospital was evaluated because of acute collapse during an educational exhibition. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination and hematologic analysis revealed no abnormalities; radiography revealed findings consistent with a previous tibiotarsal fracture. Coelioscopy with histologic examination and fungal culture of lung and air sac samples revealed anthracosis but no fungal infection. The hawk was discharged and temporarily removed from the education program; 1 month later, upon reintroduction into the program, it collapsed again. Physical examination and hematologic findings were similar to those after the first episode. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiocardiography findings were consistent with cardiomyopathy. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Initial cardiac treatment included furosemide (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) and pimobendan (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). After 10 days of treatment, peak and trough plasma concentrations of pimobendan were measured at 25, 196 and 715.97 ng/mL, respectively; the dosage was decreased to 0.25 mg/kg (0.11 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours. No overt signs of toxicosis were detected. A sample was collected to reevaluate plasma pimobendan concentration after 30 days of treatment; results were not obtained prior to the patient's death but revealed a peak concentration of 16.8 ng/mL, with an undetectable trough concentration. The hawk was found dead 6 months after initial evaluation. Necropsy revealed cardiomegaly, but histologic examination did not reveal an inciting cause of cardiac dysfunction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cardiac disease in raptors may be underreported. Transcoelomic and transesophageal echocardiography and CT angiography provided useful information for the diagnosis of cardiac disease in the hawk of this report.
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Le Roux AB, Granger LA, Wakamatsu N, Kearney MT, Gaschen L. EX VIVO CORRELATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SMALL INTESTINAL WALL LAYERING WITH HISTOLOGY IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:534-45. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B. Le Roux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging (Le Roux, Granger, Gaschen)
| | - L. Abbigail Granger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging (Le Roux, Granger, Gaschen)
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences - Section of Pathology (Wakamatsu)
| | - Michael T. Kearney
- Statistical Services Unit (Kearney); School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging (Le Roux, Granger, Gaschen)
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Gaschen L, Granger LA, Oubre O, Shannon D, Kearney M, Gaschen F. THE EFFECTS OF FOOD INTAKE AND ITS FAT COMPOSITION ON INTESTINAL ECHOGENICITY IN HEALTHY DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:546-50. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - L. Abbigail Granger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Olivia Oubre
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Dylan Shannon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Michael Kearney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Frederic Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
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Shannon D, Husnik R, Fletcher JM, Middleton G, Gaschen L. Persistent right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery, Kommerell's diverticulum and bicarotid trunk in a 3-year-old cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915614590. [PMID: 28491393 PMCID: PMC5361997 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915614590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3-year-old male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat with a history of chronic regurgitation since being obtained as a kitten was presented for weight loss and regurgitation of all ingested food. The cat was in poor body condition and had a firm swelling in the ventral neck at the time of presentation. Thoracic radiographs showed severe dilation of the entire cervical and cranial intrathoracic esophagus to the level of the heart base. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) showed a persistent right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery and severe dilation of the cervical and intrathoracic esophagus cranial to the heart base. CTA also showed a bicarotid trunk and Kommerell’s diverticulum to be present, which are rare vascular structures in the cat. Esophagoscopy showed esophageal dilation and multiple compact trichobezoars obstructing the esophagus. Removal of the obstructing trichobezoars resulted in resolution of clinical signs, and the cat was able to drink water and eat a canned food slurry without regurgitation. Surgical correction was not pursued. Relevance and novel information Vascular ring anomaly (VRA) should be considered in all cats with a history of regurgitation, regardless of their age at the time of presentation. CTA is a valuable diagnostic imaging procedure that allows differentiation of a VRA from other causes of esophageal obstruction and provides information about the VRA that can be used to determine amenability to surgical correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Shannon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Roman Husnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jon M Fletcher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Grant Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Roux
- Sections of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Rademacher N, Schur D, Gaschen F, Kearney M, Gaschen L. CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS IN HEALTHY DOGS AND IN DOGS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:58-64. [PMID: 26332486 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most frequent disease affecting the exocrine pancreas in dogs and reliable diagnostic techniques for predicting fatal complications are lacking. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) improves detection of tissue perfusion as well as organ lesion vascular pattern. Objectives of this prospective case control study were to compare perfusion characteristics and enhancement patterns of the pancreas in healthy dogs and dogs with pancreatitis using CEUS. Ten healthy dogs and eight dogs with pancreatitis were selected based on physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and blood analysis findings. A CEUS study of the pancreas was performed for each dog and two observers who were aware of clinical status used advanced ultrasound quantification software to analyze time-intensity curves. Perfusion patterns were compared between healthy and affected dogs. In dogs with acute pancreatitis, mean pixel and peak intensity of the pancreatic parenchyma was significantly higher than that of normal dogs (P = 0.05) in between 6 and 60 s (P = <0.0001-0.046). This corresponds to a 311% increase in mean pixel intensity in dogs with acute pancreatitis compared to healthy dogs. Wash-in rates were greater and had a consistently steeper slope to peak in dogs with pancreatitis as opposed to healthy dogs. All dogs with pancreatitis showed a decrease in pixel intensity 10-15 days after the initial examination (P = 0.011) and their times to peak values were prolonged compared to the initial exam. Findings from the current study supported the use of CEUS for diagnosing pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, and disease monitoring following therapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - David Schur
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Frédéric Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Michael Kearney
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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Terragni R, Vignoli M, van Bree HJ, Gaschen L, Saunders JH. Diagnostic imaging and endoscopic finding in dogs and cats with gastric tumors: a review. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2015; 156:569-76. [PMID: 25497562 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical imaging is an essential part of the diagnostic workup of many gastrointestinal disorders. This paper reviews imaging and endoscopy of gastric tumors in dogs and cats and the techniques used. The appearance of the normal as well as the various aspects of gastric tumors are described for these different modalities. Plain radiography is widely available but has limited diagnostic value. Contrast radiography has higher sensitivity but is laborious and time-consuming. Ultrasonography (if an adequate acoustic window is available), endosonography and endoscopy are the most appropriate modalities for diagnosing gastric tumors. They are especially useful when obtaining samples for cytologic or histopathologic examination, because the imaging modalities do not always differentiate between inflammatory or infectious conditions and neoplastic disorders. Hydro-helical CT was found helpful for evaluating the location and local invasiveness of the lesion. Ultrasonography and endoscopy are useful modalities for taking adequate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Terragni
- Veterinary Oncology Center, Sasso Marconi, BO, Italy and Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - M Vignoli
- Petcare Veterinary Association, Marzabotto, BO, Italy
| | - H J van Bree
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - L Gaschen
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, LA, USA
| | - J H Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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Granger LA, Hilferty M, Francis T, Steiner JM, Gaschen L. VARIABILITY IN THE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE PANCREAS IN HEALTHY DOGS COMPARED TO DOGS WITH HYPERADRENOCORTICISM. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56:540-8. [PMID: 25850824 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anecdotally, an unusually hyperechoic pancreas can be found in seemingly healthy dogs on ultrasound examination and the prevalence and clinical significance of this finding is unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of a hyperechoic and/or heterogenous pancreas in healthy dogs and correlate these findings to weight, age, and body condition score (BCS). An additional objective was to describe the prevalence of a hyperechoic and/or heterogenous pancreas in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and compare this to the healthy dogs. Pancreata of 74 healthy dogs were evaluated prospectively and pancreatic echogenicity and echotexture were graded. Each dog's age, BCS, and weight were recorded. Dogs were screened for health by physical examination, serum chemistry panel, urine specific gravity, and a canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity assay. Pancreatic images for 92 dogs having hyperadrenocorticism were also reviewed and pancreatic echogenicity and echotexture were recorded. The prevalence of pancreatic hyperechogenicity in normal dogs was 7% (5 of 74) and heterogeneity was 40% (30 of 74). No correlation existed between pancreatic echogenicity and weight, age, or BCS (P > 0.1 for all sets). A statistically significant increase in the proportion of dogs having a hyperechoic pancreas was found in the hyperadrenocorticism sample of dogs (40%, 37 of 92, P < 0.0001). The underlying cause of pancreatic variability in the few healthy dogs and in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism is unknown and the varying appearance of the pancreas in these samples confounds interpretation of diseases such as chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abbigail Granger
- Lousiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Michael Hilferty
- Lousiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Taylor Francis
- Lousiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Texas A&M University, Department of Small Animals Medicine and Surgery, College Station, TX, 77843-4474
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Lousiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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Joudrey SD, Robinson DA, Blair R, McLaughlin LD, Gaschen L. Perianal neuroendocrine tumor with suspected lymph node metastasis causing colonic compression and subsequent megacolon. Can Vet J 2015; 56:240-244. [PMID: 25750442 PMCID: PMC4327133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 4- to 5-month history of a progressively growing mass above her anus and an inability to defecate for 3 to 4 wk. External perianal and internal regional masses were subsequently identified and diagnosed as tumors of neuroendocrine origin through surgical excision and histopathologic evaluation. The cat was treated with 2 courses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Rademacher N, Pariaut R, Pate J, Saelinger C, Kearney MT, Gaschen L. Transthoracic lung ultrasound in normal dogs and dogs with cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a pilot study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:447-52. [PMID: 24620777 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary edema is the most common complication of left-sided heart failure in dogs and early detection is important for effective clinical management. In people, pulmonary edema is commonly diagnosed based on transthoracic ultrasonography and detection of B line artifacts (vertical, narrow-based, well-defined hyperechoic rays arising from the pleural surface). The purpose of this study was to determine whether B line artifacts could also be useful diagnostic predictors for cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs. Thirty-one normal dogs and nine dogs with cardiogenic pulmonary edema were prospectively recruited. For each dog, presence or absence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema was based on physical examination, heartworm testing, thoracic radiographs, and echocardiography. A single observer performed transthoracic ultrasonography in all dogs and recorded video clips and still images for each of four quadrants in each hemithorax. Distribution, sonographic characteristics, and number of B lines per thoracic quadrant were determined and compared between groups. B lines were detected in 31% of normal dogs (mean 0.9 ± 0.3 SD per dog) and 100% of dogs with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (mean 6.2 ± 3.8 SD per dog). Artifacts were more numerous and widely distributed in dogs with congestive heart failure (P < 0.0001). In severe cases, B lines increased in number and became confluent. The locations of B line artifacts appeared consistent with locations of edema on radiographs. Findings from the current study supported the use of thoracic ultrasonography and detection of B lines as techniques for diagnosing cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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Levy M, Gaschen L, Rademacher N, Bragulla H. TECHNIQUE FOR ULTRASOUND-GUIDED INTRAARTICULAR CERVICAL ARTICULAR PROCESS INJECTION IN THE DOG. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:435-40. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Levy
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Nathalie Rademacher
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
| | - Hermann Bragulla
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge LA 70803
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Seiler GS, Brown JC, Reetz JA, Taeymans O, Bucknoff M, Rossi F, Ohlerth S, Alder D, Rademacher N, Drost WT, Pollard RE, Travetti O, Pey P, Saunders JH, Shanaman MM, Oliveira CR, O'Brien RT, Gaschen L. Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs and cats: 488 cases (2002-2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1255-9. [PMID: 23600783 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.9.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of adverse events within 24 hours after contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in dogs and cats and compare the risk of death within 24 hours after imaging for animals that underwent ultrasonography with and without injection of a contrast agent. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS 750 animals (411 case dogs, 238 control dogs, 77 case cats, and 24 control cats). PROCEDURES At 11 institutions, medical records were reviewed of dogs and cats that had CEUS performed (cases) as were medical records of dogs and cats with clinical signs similar to those of case animals that had ultrasonography performed without injection of a contrast agent (controls). Information regarding signalment; preexisting disease; type, dose, and administration route of contrast agent used; immediate (within 1 hour after CEUS) and delayed (> 1 and ≤ 24 hours after CEUS) adverse events; and occurrence and cause of death (when available) was extracted from each medical record. Risk of death within 24 hours after ultrasonography was compared between case and control animals. RESULTS Of the 411 case dogs, 3 had immediate adverse events (vomiting or syncope) and 1 had a delayed adverse event (vomiting). No adverse events were recorded for case cats. Twenty-three of 357 (6.4%) clinically ill case animals and 14 of 262 (5.3%) clinically ill control animals died within 24 hours after ultrasonography; risk of death did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that CEUS was safe in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Le Roux A, Granger LA, Reynolds C, Gaschen L. Computed tomography features of bronchial and non-bronchial collateral arterial circulation development in a dog diagnosed with multiple chronic pulmonary thrombi. J Vet Cardiol 2013; 15:283-7. [PMID: 24262113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 5 year-old female Lhasa Apso was diagnosed with a large right pulmonary artery thrombus, multiple smaller pulmonary thrombi, and pulmonary hypertension. In addition, thoracic computed tomography angiography revealed numerous periesophageal arterial vessels, tortuous and dilated bronchial arteries, and an enlarged tortuous left phrenic artery, consistent with systemic bronchial and non-bronchial collateral arterial circulation development. These features of chronic pulmonary arterial thrombi have not been described in dogs but are recognized in people. One year after the diagnosis, the dog was still alive and there were no clinical signs reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Roux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Beck MR, Martin BA, Smitherman E, Gaschen L. Eyes-on training and radiological expertise: an examination of expertise development and its effects on visual working memory. Hum Factors 2013; 55:747-763. [PMID: 23964415 DOI: 10.1177/0018720812469224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine the specificity of the effects of acquiring expertise on visual working memory (VWM) and the degree to which higher levels of experience within the domain of expertise are associated with more efficient use of VWM. BACKGROUND Previous research is inconsistent on whether expertise effects are specific to the area of expertise or generalize to other tasks that also involve the same cognitive processes. It is also unclear whether more training and/or experience will lead to continued improvement on domain-relevant tasks or whether a plateau could be reached. METHOD In Experiment I, veterinary medicine students completed a one-shot visual change detection task. In Experiment 2, veterinarians completed a flicker change detection task. Both experiments involved stimuli specific to the domain of radiology and general stimuli. RESULTS In Experiment I, veterinary medicine students who had completed an "eyes-on" radiological training demonstrated a domain-specific effect in which performance was better on the domain-specific stimuli than on the domain-general stimuli. In Experiment 2, veterinarians again showed a domain-specific effect, but performance was unrelated to the amount of experience veterinarians had accumulated. CONCLUSION The effect of experience is domain specific and occurs during the first few years of training, after which a plateau is reached. APPLICATION VWM training in one domain may not lead to improved performance on other VWM tasks. In acquiring expertise, eyes-on training is important initially, but continued experience may not be associated with further improvements in the efficiency of VWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Beck
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Garcia EB, Rademacher N, McCauley CT, Gaschen L. Navicular bone osteomyelitis and navicular bursitis with associated fistula diagnosed with magnetic resonance fistulography in the horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University
| | - N. Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University
| | - C. T. McCauley
- Equine Health Studies Program; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Louisiana USA
| | - L. Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University
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Middleton G, Hillmann DJ, Trichel J, Bragulla HH, Gaschen L. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE LIGAMENTOUS STRUCTURES OF THE OCCIPITOATLANTOAXIAL REGION IN THE DOG. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:545-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Middleton
- From the Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA 70803
| | - D. J. Hillmann
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA 70803
| | - J. Trichel
- From the Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA 70803
| | - H. H. Bragulla
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA 70803
| | - L. Gaschen
- From the Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA 70803
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Stokes AM, Lavie NL, Keowen ML, Gaschen L, Gaschen FP, Barthel D, Andrews FM. Evaluation of a wireless ambulatory capsule (SmartPill®) to measure gastrointestinal tract pH, luminal pressure and temperature, and transit time in ponies. Equine Vet J 2012; 44:482-6. [PMID: 22296404 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY This study investigated the use of a wireless ambulatory capsule (WAC; SmartPill(®) pH.p GI Monitoring System) to determine WAC-gastric emptying time (GET) in ponies. OBJECTIVES To measure WAC-GET and compare it to those findings with GET assessed by nuclear scintigraphy (S-GET). HYPOTHESIS WAC-GET will be slower than S-GET, but will be significantly correlated. METHODS Seven healthy adult mixed-breed pony mares were used in this study. Feed was withheld for 12 h prior to the WAC administration. After administration, a complete-feed diet was fed to allow the WAC to pass into the stomach. Luminal pH, temperature and pressure were collected by a modified receiver secured to the pony. Once the pH reached a value of ≥ 8.0, it was determined that gastric emptying had occurred, and ponies were fed grass hay. After 5 days, data were downloaded and analysed using proprietary software. During the second period of the study, after at least 2 weeks, 4 of the ponies underwent a standard S-GET test. RESULTS The WAC was successfully administered, and data were collected from all ponies. The mean percentage of data packets collected by the receiver was 84.9 ± 3.51% (range 66.8-95.1%). Mean WAC-GET was 7.38 h (range 0.15-46.65 h). Mean gastric pH was 4.75 (range 2.07-6.99). Mean small intestinal transit time was 4.6 h. The mean pH for the small intestine was 8.0. The mean S-GET time (in hours) when 10% of the radioactive feed is present in the stomach (T-90%) was 2.3 h. The S-GET did not correlate significantly with the WAC-GET. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE The WAC was safely administered to ponies, and data were collected using a modified receiver. The WAC-GET varied considerably between ponies, but was ≤ 3 h in 5 of the 6 ponies. The WAC used in this study provided a noninvasive technique that produced novel information about the pony gastrointestinal tract, but owing to the substantial variability in GET values and long transit time it may not be a reliable clinical tool at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Stokes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Carter RT, Nevarez J, Gieger TL, Gaschen L. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Le Roux A, Rademacher N, Saelinger C, Rodriguez D, Pariaut R, Gaschen L. VALUE OF TRACHEAL BIFURCATION ANGLE MEASUREMENT AS A RADIOGRAPHIC SIGN OF LEFT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 53:28-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Le Roux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
| | - Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
| | - Carley Saelinger
- Section of Cardiology; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
| | - Romain Pariaut
- Section of Cardiology; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Section of Diagnostic Imaging; Louisiana State University; School of Veterinary Medicine -Baton Rouge; LA; 70803
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Mutz ML, Gieger TL, Parsons-Doherty MA, Gaschen L, Rademacher N. What is your diagnosis? Nodular dermatofibrosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:431-2. [PMID: 21838578 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Mutz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Beaufrère H, Nevarez J, Gaschen L, Ryan K, Schnellbacher R, Tully T. Diagnosis of presumed acute ischemic stroke and associated seizure management in a Congo African grey parrot. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:122-8. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gaschen L. Ultrasonography of Small Intestinal Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011; 41:329-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ruth J, Rademacher N, Ogden D, Rodriguez D, Gaschen L. Imaging diagnosis--Congenital lobar emphysema in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:79-81. [PMID: 21322391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A 14-week-old female West Highland White Terrier developed acute dyspnea. Radiographically there was an enlarged, hyperlucent caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe and a diffuse, severe interstitial-to-alveolar pattern in the remaining lung lobes that was accentuated caudodorsally. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of the emphysematous lobe and further showed it to have focal lobar bronchial collapse. Lung lobe resection was performed, and the diagnosis was congenital lobar emphysema secondary to bronchial cartilage hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ruth
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Oliveira C, Rademacher N, David A, Vasanjee S, Gaschen L. Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Dog Secondary to Dirofilaria Immitis Infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:991-4. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever dog was referred to the Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for treatment of pneumothorax. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography showed spontaneous pneumothorax, thoracic lymphadenopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and multifocal pulmonary bulla lesions. At surgery, numerous adult nematodes protruded from the parenchyma of the left caudal and accessory lung lobes and pulmonary arteries. On histopathology, multiple adult filarid nematodes were observed within the pulmonary blood vessels. Broad foci of necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma were present. The tunica intima of the pulmonary arteries was markedly thickened by intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy. The final diagnosis was severe Dirofilaria immitis infection that resulted in pulmonary vascular lesions and focally extensive infarcts of the pulmonary parenchyma with bulla formation and rupture causing spontaneous pneumothorax. The dog received antibiotic and steroid therapy, as well as adulticide treatment, and recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Oliveira
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Oliveira, Rademacher, Gaschen), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Oliveira, Rademacher, Gaschen), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Andrew David
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (David), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sunil Vasanjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Vasanjee), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Oliveira, Rademacher, Gaschen), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce L Marks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Boillat CS, Gaschen FP, Gaschen L, Stout RW, Hosgood GL. Variability associated with repeated measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule system and scintigraphy. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:903-8. [PMID: 20673089 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.8.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare repeatability of measurements of gastrointestinal tract motility in healthy dogs obtained by use of a wireless motility capsule (WMC) and scintigraphy. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult dogs (mean +/- SD body weight, 21.5 +/- 1.8 kg). PROCEDURES A radiolabeled test meal was offered immediately after oral administration of a WMC. Serial static scintigraphic abdominal images were acquired for 270 minutes. A dedicated remote receiver was used for data collection from the WMC until the WMC was expelled in the feces. Each dog was evaluated 3 times at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks. RESULTS Mean gastric emptying half-time measured by use of scintigraphy (T(1/2)-GES) for each dog ranged from 99.9 to 181.2 minutes. Mean gastric emptying time (GET) measured by use of the WMC (GET-WMC) in each dog ranged from 385.3 to 669.7 minutes. Mean coefficient of variation was 11.8% for T(1/2)-GES and 7.8% for GET-WMC. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 69% for T(1/2)-GES and 71% for GET-WMC. Results for a nested analysis of covariance suggested that both methods were comparable for the evaluation of gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Scintigraphy and a WMC system had similar variation for assessment of gastric emptying. Moderate intraindividual variability was detected for both methods and must be considered when interpreting test results for individual dogs. Repeatability of measurements obtained by use of the WMC was equivalent to that obtained by use of scintigraphy. The WMC system offers a nonradioactive, user-friendly method for assessment of gastric emptying in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Boillat
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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