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Martinez ZA, Colgan M, Baxter LR, Quintana J, Siegel S, Chatziioannou A, Cherry SR, Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME. Oral 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose for primate PET studies without behavioral restraint: demonstration of principle. Am J Primatol 2000; 42:215-24. [PMID: 9209586 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1997)42:3<215::aid-ajp4>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method of orally administering 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) for positron emission tomography (PET) scans to determine local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRGlc), normalized to that of whole brain, in fully conscious, non-restrained primates. Oral FDG-PET studies were performed in both non-restrained and chaired monkeys, and in one human where results could be compared with traditional intravenous FDG administration. The oral route of FDG administration gave images and whole brain-normalized PET LCMRGlc results comparable to those obtained by the intravenous route. This oral FDG-PET method may provide a useful means by which to obtain measures of LCMRGlcs for brain structures, relative to each other, in non-restrained, non-drugged primates in field and laboratory studies. This method might also have clinical applications for PET studies of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
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Saxena S, Brody AL, Maidment KM, Dunkin JJ, Colgan M, Alborzian S, Phelps ME, Baxter LR. Localized orbitofrontal and subcortical metabolic changes and predictors of response to paroxetine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 21:683-93. [PMID: 10633474 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have found elevated glucose metabolic rates in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and caudate nuclei that normalize with response to treatment. Furthermore, OCD symptom provocation differentially activates specific subregions of the OFC, which have distinct patterns of connectivity and serve different functions. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of specific subregions of the OFC and associated subcortical structures in mediating OCD symptoms, by determining how glucose metabolism in these structures changed with paroxetine treatment of OCD patients. We also sought to determine whether pretreatment OFC metabolism would predict response to paroxetine, as it has for other OCD treatments. Twenty subjects with OCD received [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scans before and after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine, 40 mg/day. In patients who responded to paroxetine, glucose metabolism decreased significantly in right anterolateral OFC and right caudate nucleus. Lower pretreatment metabolism in both left and right OFC predicted greater improvement in OCD severity with treatment. These results add to evidence indicating that orbitofrontal-subcortical circuit function mediates the symptomatic expression of OCD. Specific subregions of the OFC may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of OCD and/or its response to pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, USA
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Daly M, Power E, Björkroth J, Sheehan P, O'Connell A, Colgan M, Korkeala H, Fanning S. Molecular analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: epidemiological investigation of mastitis outbreaks in Irish dairy herds. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2723-9. [PMID: 10347067 PMCID: PMC91402 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.6.2723-2729.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen in both humans and animals. This bacterium, most often associated with respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients, was found to be the causative agent in bovine mastitis outbreaks among 11 Irish dairy herds. Epidemiological findings suggested that the infection was spread to all herds by teat wipes that had been contaminated with this organism. Two molecular-typing strategies were used in an attempt to determine the genomic relationship(s), if any, of the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the various herds and to verify whether the same strain was responsible for each outbreak. Thirty-six isolates from the mastitis outbreaks were tested and compared to fourteen clinical isolates from Cork University Hospital. With one exception, all outbreak-linked strains produced identical patterns when ribotyped with ClaI and PvuII enzymes. Eight of the clinical isolates gave the same ClaI ribotype pattern as the mastitis-causing strains. However, PvuII proved more discriminatory, with only the outbreak isolates producing identical patterns. Similar results were obtained with RW3A-primed DNA amplification fingerprinting, with all outbreak isolates except one displaying the same fingerprint array. The clinical strains produced several fingerprint patterns, all of which were different from those of the mastitis-causing isolates. Fine-resolution DNA fingerprinting with a fluorescence-labelled RW3A primer also identified a number of low-molecular-weight polymorphisms that would have remained undetected by conventional methods. These data support the view that the same P. aeruginosa strain was responsible for the mastitis outbreaks in all 11 herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daly
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
Bovine hooves were assessed for their linear and volumetric characteristics and ranked in sets of four for hoof volume. An artificial cow was constructed with the hooves set into metal cylinders underneath a platform containing a known weight. The device was connected via a strain gauge to a pulling handle operated by two people, and the horizontal force required to move each set of hooves was determined three times. The coefficient of friction, calculated as the horizontal force divided by the fixed vertical force, was positively correlated with hoof volume. The same exercise was repeated with the hooves ranked for toe angle, and the hooves with steep toe angles had a lower coefficient of friction than the hooves with shallow toe angles. However, since both hoof volume and toe angle were related to toe length, the relationship between friction and toe angle was believed to derive from the larger size of claws with shallow toe angles. The results indicate that young cattle that have small claws with smooth surfaces and steep toe angles are more likely to slip.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Phillips
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge
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Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], which combines structural elements of the lipid and fibrinolytic systems, is a major independent risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. Eighty-four consecutive patients with peripheral vascular disease (of whom 42 had concomitant ischaemic heart disease) and 43 healthy controls were enrolled in a case-control study. We found that the mean Lp(a) concentration in male patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was almost threefold higher than that of controls, while in female patients the Lp(a) concentration was more than twice that of controls. This marked difference was borne out in patients with and without concomitant ischaemic heart disease (IHD). A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Lp(a) is independently associated with PVD when adjusted for age and sex (odds ratio per 100 mg l-1 increase in Lp(a) = 1.35; P < 0.01). A similar association is observed for patients with concomitant IHD (odds ratio per 100 mg l-1 increase in Lp(a) = 1.65; P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tyrrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Medical School, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Bourke W, O’Connor C, Fitzgerald MX, McConnell TJ, Kent A, Redmond EM, Keenan AK, Smyth EM, Shanahan R, O’Donnell N, O’Connor CM, Kelly V, Barry-Kinsella C, Sharma SC, Cottrell E, Harrison RF, Sheppard BL, Bonnar J, McNally O, Hannigan B, Allen JM, Feely J, Buggy D, Barry M, Keeling PWN, Weir DG, Breathnach A, Keogh B, Cooke T, Murphy J, O’Sullivan C, Walsh M, Tyrrell J, Bergin C, Colgan M, Moore D, Shanik DG, Cooke T, Southey A, Costello E, Jehn B, Marti R, Deane R, Thornton F, Jaggi R, Martin F, Armstrong C, Mannion D, Feely T, Fitzpatrick G, McCormack PME, O’Reilly E, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Stinson JC, Murphy CM, Andrews JF, Tomkin GH, Howe JP, Fogarty DJ, Manahan-Vaughan D, Rowan MJ, Anwyl R, Thornbury KD, Ward SM, Sanders KM, Murnin M, Guthrie DJS, Irvine GB, Doyle E, Regan CM, Bannigan J, Giles J, Adebayo GI, Deasy PB, Omara AAM, Lambert MB, Shields TD, O’Kane S, Leckey D, Gilmore WS, Hannigan BM, McKeogh D, Bradford A, O’Regan RG, Nolan P, McEvoy F, Edgell T, Webbon P, Creighton-Kempsford L, Gaffney PJ, O’Donnell MD, McGeeney KF, Breslin E, Smith K, Docherty JR, Adams N, Ravey J, Bell AJ, Tong KK, Strain JJ, Walsh DM, Baxter GD, Mokhtar B, Victory R, Bergin D, Cooney C, Staunton M, Fitzgerald J, Gardiner J, Blunnie W, Smith J, Magee O, Lowe D, Robinson R, Magner J, Eustace P, Martyn CJ, Cooney CM, Adams H, Lyons JB, Blunnie WP, Moriarty DC. Royal academy of medicine in ireland section of biological sciences. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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