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Heenan TMM, Mombrini I, Llewellyn A, Checchia S, Tan C, Johnson MJ, Jnawali A, Garbarino G, Jervis R, Brett DJL, Di Michiel M, Shearing PR. Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications. Nature 2023; 617:507-512. [PMID: 37198308 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electric vehicles demand high charge and discharge rates creating potentially dangerous temperature rises. Lithium-ion cells are sealed during their manufacture, making internal temperatures challenging to probe1. Tracking current collector expansion using X-ray diffraction (XRD) permits non-destructive internal temperature measurements2; however, cylindrical cells are known to experience complex internal strain3,4. Here, we characterize the state of charge, mechanical strain and temperature within lithium-ion 18650 cells operated at high rates (above 3C) by means of two advanced synchrotron XRD methods: first, as entire cross-sectional temperature maps during open-circuit cooling and second, single-point temperatures during charge-discharge cycling. We observed that a 20-minute discharge on an energy-optimized cell (3.5 Ah) resulted in internal temperatures above 70 °C, whereas a faster 12-minute discharge on a power-optimized cell (1.5 Ah) resulted in substantially lower temperatures (below 50 °C). However, when comparing the two cells under the same electrical current, the peak temperatures were similar, for example, a 6 A discharge resulted in 40 °C peak temperatures for both cell types. We observe that the operando temperature rise is due to heat accumulation, strongly influenced by the charging protocol, for example, constant current and/or constant voltage; mechanisms that worsen with cycling because degradation increases the cell resistance. Design mitigations for temperature-related battery issues should now be explored using this new methodology to provide opportunities for improved thermal management during high-rate electric vehicle applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M M Heenan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - I Mombrini
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - A Llewellyn
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | - S Checchia
- The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - C Tan
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - M J Johnson
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | - A Jnawali
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | - R Jervis
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - D J L Brett
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - P R Shearing
- Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of London, London, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
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Jensen K, Rani Aluri E, Sanchez Perez E, Vaughan G, Di Michiel M, Schofield E, Billinge S, Cussen S. Characterisation of heterogenous phases in wood from the Mary Rose: insight from computed tomography pair distribution function analysis. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s205327332209444x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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3
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Matras D, Middelkoop V, Ismagilov IZ, Matus EV, Kuznetsov VV, Drnec J, Senecal P, Beale AM. 5D operando tomographic diffraction imaging of a catalyst bed. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4751. [PMID: 30420610 PMCID: PMC6232103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni–Pd/CeO2–ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming. This five-dimensional (three spatial, one scattering and one dimension to denote time/imposed state) approach enabled us to track the chemical evolution of many particles across the catalyst bed and relate these changes to the gas environment that the particles experience. Rietveld analysis of some 2 × 106 diffraction patterns allowed us to extract heterogeneities in the catalyst from the Å to the nm and to the μm scale (3D maps corresponding to unit cell lattice parameters, crystallite sizes and phase distribution maps respectively) under different chemical environments. We are able to capture the evolution of the Ni-containing species and gain a more complete insight into the multiple roles of the CeO2-ZrO2 promoters and the reasons behind the partial deactivation of the catalyst during partial oxidation of methane. Multi-scale chemical imaging holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the relationships between structure and functionality in complex catalytic materials. Here the authors report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni – Pd/ CeO2 – ZrO2/ Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. .,ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - S D M Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - M Di Michiel
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Matras
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - V Middelkoop
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO NV, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - I Z Ismagilov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - E V Matus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - V V Kuznetsov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - J Drnec
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Senecal
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - A M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Middelkoop V, Di Michiel M, Egan CK, Ismagilov IZ, Vaughan GBM, Gallucci F, van Sint Annaland M, Shearing PR, Cernik RJ, Beale AM. Real time chemical imaging of a working catalytic membrane reactor during oxidative coupling of methane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12752-5. [PMID: 26041252 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the results from an operando XRD-CT study of a working catalytic membrane reactor for the oxidative coupling of methane. These results reveal the importance of the evolving solid state chemistry during catalytic reaction, particularly the chemical interaction between the catalyst and the oxygen transport membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Kubacka A, Iglesias-Juez A, Di Michiel M, Newton MA, Fernández-García M. Influence of the Ce–Zr promoter on Pd behaviour under dynamic CO/NO cycling conditions: a structural and chemical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8640-7. [PMID: 23552520 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kubacka
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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Christoforidis KC, Iglesias-Juez A, Figueroa SJA, Di Michiel M, Newton MA, Fernández-García M. Structure and activity of iron-doped TiO2-anatase nanomaterials for gas-phase toluene photo-oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20405c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Beale AM, Jacques SDM, O'Brien MG, Di Michiel M, Weckhuysen BM. An eye on the inside: imaging of catalytic particles under reaction conditions. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312099163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Wragg DS, O'Brien MG, Bleken F, Olsbye U, Di Michiel M, Fjellvåg H. Watching the MTO process with time- and space-resolved X-ray diffraction. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731209914x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Christoforidis KC, Iglesias-Juez A, Figueroa SJA, Newton MA, Michiel MD, Fernández-García M. A structural and surface approach to size and shape control of sulfur-modified undoped and Fe-doped TiO2 anatase nano-materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5628-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Helfen L, Myagotin A, Mikulík P, Pernot P, Voropaev A, Elyyan M, Di Michiel M, Baruchel J, Baumbach T. On the implementation of computed laminography using synchrotron radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:063702. [PMID: 21721697 DOI: 10.1063/1.3596566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hard x rays from a synchrotron source are used in this implementation of computed laminography for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of flat, laterally extended objects. Due to outstanding properties of synchrotron light, high spatial resolution down to the micrometer scale can be attained, even for specimens having lateral dimensions of several decimeters. Operating either with a monochromatic or with a white synchrotron beam, the method can be optimized to attain high sensitivity or considerable inspection throughput in synchrotron user and small-batch industrial experiments. The article describes the details of experimental setups, alignment procedures, and the underlying reconstruction principles. Imaging of interconnections in flip-chip and wire-bonded devices illustrates the peculiarities of the method compared to its alternatives and demonstrates the wide application potential for the 3D inspection and quality assessment in microsystem technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Helfen
- Institut für Synchrotronstrahlung (ISS/ANKA), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Snigirev A, Snigireva I, Grigoriev M, Yunkin V, Michiel MD, Vaughan G, Kohn V, Kuznetsov S. High energy X-ray nanofocusing by silicon planar lenses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Brockhauser S, McCarthy AA, Di Michiel M, McGeehan JE, Ravelli RBG. X-ray tomography on MX samples. Acta Crystallogr A 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309096585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Scheel M, Seemann R, Brinkmann M, Di Michiel M, Sheppard A, Breidenbach B, Herminghaus S. Morphological clues to wet granular pile stability. Nat Mater 2008; 7:189-193. [PMID: 18264104 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When a granular material such as sand is mixed with a certain amount of liquid, the surface tension of the latter bestows considerable stiffness to the material, which enables, for example, sand castles to be sculpted. The geometry of the liquid interface within the granular pile is of extraordinary complexity and strongly varies with the liquid content. Surprisingly, the mechanical properties of the pile are largely independent of the amount of liquid over a wide range. We resolve this puzzle with the help of X-ray microtomography, showing that the remarkable insensitivity of the mechanical properties to the liquid content is due to the particular organization of the liquid in the pile into open structures. For spherical grains, a simple geometric rule is established, which relates the macroscopic properties to the internal liquid morphologies. We present evidence that this concept is also valid for systems with non-spherical grains. Hence, our results provide new insight towards understanding the complex physics of a large variety of wet granular systems including land slides, as well as mixing and agglomeration problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scheel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Bunsenstr. 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Brockhauser S, Di Michiel M, Ravelli RBG. Fully 3D: shaping future synchrotron beamline strategies. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307098303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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15
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Smilowitz HM, Blattmann H, Bräuer-Krisch E, Bravin A, Di Michiel M, Gebbers JO, Hanson AL, Lyubimova N, Slatkin DN, Stepanek J, Laissue JA. Synergy of gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis and microbeam radiation therapy for advanced intracerebral rat 9L gliosarcomas. J Neurooncol 2006; 78:135-43. [PMID: 16598429 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-005-9094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a novel experimental radiosurgery that largely spares the developing CNS and other normal tissues, is tolerated well by developing animals and palliates advanced 9LGS tumors. This report, to our knowledge, is the first demonstration that gene-mediated immunotherapy (GMIMPR) enhances the efficacy of MRT for advanced 9LGS tumors. METHODS Seventy-six male Fischer 344 rats were implanted ic with 10(4)9LGS cells on d0. By d14, the cells had generated approximately approximately 40 mm3 ic 9LGS tumours, experimental models for therapy of moderately aggressive human malignant astrocytomas. Each of the 14 untreated (control) rats died from a large (>100 mg) ic tumor before d29 (median, d21). On d14, the remaining 62 rats were given deliberately suboptimal microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) by a single lateral exposure of the tumor-bearing zone of the head to a 10.1 mm-wide, approximately approximately 11 mm-high array of 20-39 microm-wide, nearly parallel beams of synchrotron wiggler-generated radiation (mainly approximately 50-150 keV X-rays) that delivered 625 Gy peak skin doses at approximately approximately 211 microm ctc intervals in approximately approximately 300 ms either without additional treatments (MRT-only, 25 rats), with post-MRT GMIMPR (MRT+GMIMPR, 23 rats: multiple sc injections of irradiated (clonogenically-disabled) GM-CSF gene-transfected 9LGS cells), or with post-MRT IMPR (MRT+IMPR, 14 rats: multiple sc injections of irradiated (clonogenically-disabled) 9LGS cells. RESULTS The median post-implantation survivals of rats in the MRT-only, MRT+GMIMPR and MRT+IMPR groups were over twice that of controls; further, approximately approximately 20% of rats in MRT-only and MRT+IMPR groups survived >1 yr with no obvious disabilities. Moreover, over 40% of MRT+GMIMPR rats survived >1 yr with no obvious disabilities, a significant (P<0.04) increase over the MRT-only and MRT+IMPR groups. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that the combination of MRT+GMIMPR might be better than MRT only for unifocal CNS tumors, particularly in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Smilowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, UCHC, Farmington, CT, USA
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Pyzalla A, Camin B, Buslaps T, Di Michiel M, Kaminski H, Kottar A, Pernack A, Reimers W. Simultaneous Tomography and Diffraction Analysis of Creep Damage. Science 2005; 308:92-5. [PMID: 15802600 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Creep damage by void nucleation and growth limits the lifetime of components subjected to loading at high temperatures. We report a combined tomography and diffraction experiment using high-energy synchrotron radiation that permitted us to follow in situ void growth and microstructure development in bulk samples. The results reveal that void growth versus time follows an exponential growth law. The formation of large void volumes coincides with texture evolution and dislocation density, reaching a steady state. Creep damage during a large proportion of sample creep life is homogeneous before damage localization occurs, which leads to rapid failure. The in situ determination of void evolution in bulk samples should allow for the assessment of creep damage in metallic materials and subsequently for lifetime predictions about samples and components that are subject to high-temperature loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pyzalla
- Technische Universität (TU) Wien, Institute of Material Science and Technology, Karlsplatz 13-308, A-1040 Wien, Austria.
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Bräuer-Krisch E, Bravin A, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Stepanek J, Di Michiel M, Laissue JA. MOSFET dosimetry for microbeam radiation therapy at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Med Phys 2003; 30:583-9. [PMID: 12722810 DOI: 10.1118/1.1562169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical experiments are carried out with approximately 20-30 microm wide, approximately 10 mm high parallel microbeams of hard, broad-"white"-spectrum x rays (approximately 50-600 keV) to investigate microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) of brain tumors in infants for whom other kinds of radiotherapy are inadequate and/or unsafe. Novel physical microdosimetry (implemented with MOSFET chips in the "edge-on" mode) and Monte Carlo computer-simulated dosimetry are described here for selected points in the peak and valley regions of a microbeam-irradiated tissue-equivalent phantom. Such microbeam irradiation causes minimal damage to normal tissues, possible because of rapid repair of their microscopic lesions. Radiation damage from an array of parallel microbeams tends to correlate with the range of peak-valley dose ratios (PVDR). This paper summarizes comparisons of our dosimetric MOSFET measurements with Monte Carlo calculations. Peak doses at depths <22 mm are 18% less than Monte Carlo values, whereas those depths >22 mm and valley doses at all depths investigated (2 mm-62 mm) are within 2-13% of the Monte Carlo values. These results lend credence to the use of MOSFET detector systems in edge-on mode for microplanar irradiation dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bräuer-Krisch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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18
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Rossi Albertini V, Ronci F, Perfetti P, Reale P, Scrosati B, Panero S, Di Michiel M, Merino JM. High-energy X-ray diffraction studies of battery materials by polychromatic and monochromatic radiation. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302085392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Snigirev A, Snigireva I, Kuznetsov S, Drakopoulos M, Di Michiel M, Dolbnya I, Shabel'nikov L, Yunkin V, Ralchenko V, Sychov I, Hoffmann M, Voges E. Diamond refractive lens for X-ray focusing. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302091699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Degueldre C, Pouchon M, Streit M, Zaharko O, Di Michiel M. Analysis of porous features in zirconia based inert matrix, impact on the material qualification. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-1970(00)00108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stepanek J, Blattmann H, Laissue JA, Lyubimova N, Di Michiel M, Slatkin DN. Physics study of microbeam radiation therapy with PSI-version of Monte Carlo code GEANT as a new computational tool. Med Phys 2000; 27:1664-75. [PMID: 10947271 DOI: 10.1118/1.599034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a currently experimental method of radiotherapy which is mediated by an array of parallel microbeams of synchrotron-wiggler-generated x-rays. Suitably selected, nominally supralethal doses of x-rays delivered to parallel microslices of tumor-bearing tissues in rats can be either palliative or curative while causing little or no serious damage to contiguous normal tissues. Although the pathogenesis of MRT-mediated tumor regression is not understood, as in all radiotherapy such understanding will be based ultimately on our understanding of the relationships among the following three factors: (1) microdosimetry, (2) damage to normal tissues, and (3) therapeutic efficacy. Although physical microdosimetry is feasible, published information on MRT microdosimetry to date is computational. This report describes Monte Carlo-based computational MRT microdosimetry using photon and/or electron scattering and photoionization cross-section data in the 1 eV through 100 GeV range distributed publicly by the U.S. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the 1990s. These are compared with Monte Carlo-based microdosimetric computations using a code and physical data available in the 1980s. With the aim of using the PSI-version of GEANT Monte Carlo code for future macro- and micro/nano-dosimetric studies of Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) a comparison of this code is made with the INHOM(EGS4) (version 1990), Dilmanian-CPE and Persliden-CPE Monte Carlo photon-electron codes (both version 1990) with which the absorbed dose distributions were calculated in 1990 and 1991 considering, (a) a single cylindrical microbeam, (b) multiple cylindrical microbeams in an orthogonal square bundle, and (c) multiple planar microbeams. It is shown that the PSI-version of GEANT can potentially deliver more accurate results (a) using presently the most advanced atomic data, and especially (b) employing "Single-collision" electron transport instead of only the "Condensed-history" electron transport as in code INHOM(EGS4). In contrast Dilmanian-CPE and Persliden-CPE codes deposit the electron energy locally instead of transporting it to the correct position.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stepanek
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Schweizer PM, Spanne P, Di Michiel M, Jauch U, Blattmann H, Laissue JA. Tissue lesions caused by microplanar beams of synchrotron-generated X-rays in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Radiat Biol 2000; 76:567-74. [PMID: 10815638 DOI: 10.1080/095530000138583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine tissue lesions caused by microplanar beams of synchrotron-generated X-rays in Drosophila melanogaster using stereomicroscopy, light and electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pupae were irradiated by 25-microm wide, 1.175 mm-high parallel microplanes at 100 microm on-centre intervals, at 20, 24, 32, 36, 48 or 72 h of development, with absorbed doses per microplane between 75 and 3,000 Gy. RESULTS Transverse or longitudinal irradiation with in-slice absorbed doses of 75 or 375 Gy caused no recognizable effects. All pupae irradiated at or after 48 h developed normally. Conversely, the development to adulthood was delayed in 90% of pupae irradiated at 24h with doses of 750 Gy. However, neither those pupae nor adults that hatched after pupal irradiation at 48 and 72 h displayed morphological changes. Pupae exposed at 48 h of development to 3,000 Gy developed into adults with sharply delimited lesions in the irradiated microplanes of the compound eye or the cuticle of wings and abdomen. CONCLUSIONS Post-mitotic eukaryotic cells can survive radiation doses of 3,000 Gy largely undamaged, even at the beginning of the terminal morphogenesis. The extremely sharp delimitation between damaged tissue microplanes and adjacent intact tissues may be relevant for future perspectives of radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Schweizer
- Institute for Medical Radiobiology of the University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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23
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Palma LD, Michiel MD, Fabrizioli M, Longo R, Menk RH, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Ratti M, Rigon L, Tromba G, Vacchi A, Vallazza E, Zanconati F. Mammography with synchrotron radiation: phase-detection techniques. Radiology 2000; 215:286-93. [PMID: 10751500 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.215.1.r00ap10286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors evaluated the effect on mammographic examinations of the use of synchrotron radiation to detect phase-perturbation effects, which are higher than absorption effects for soft tissue in the energy range of 15-25 keV. Detection of phase-perturbation effects was possible because of the high degree of coherence of synchrotron radiation sources. Synchrotron radiation images were obtained of a mammographic phantom and in vitro breast tissue specimens and compared with conventional mammographic studies. On the basis of grades assigned by three reviewers, image quality of the former was considerably higher, and the delivered dose was fully compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Depart of Physics, Università di Trieste, Italy
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24
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Arfelli F, Assante M, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Dalla Palma L, Di Michiel M, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A, Vallazza E, Zanconati F. Low-dose phase contrast x-ray medical imaging. Phys Med Biol 1998; 43:2845-52. [PMID: 9814522 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/43/10/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phase contrast x-ray imaging is a powerful technique for the detection of low-contrast details in weakly absorbing objects. This method is of possible relevance in the field of diagnostic radiology. In fact, imaging low-contrast details within soft tissue does not give satisfactory results in conventional x-ray absorption radiology, mammography being a typical example. Nevertheless, up to now all applications of the phase contrast technique, carried out on thin samples, have required radiation doses substantially higher than those delivered in conventional radiological examinations. To demonstrate the applicability of the method to mammography we produced phase contrast images of objects a few centimetres thick while delivering radiation doses lower than or comparable to doses needed in standard mammographic examinations (typically approximately 1 mGy mean glandular dose (MGD)). We show images of a custom mammographic phantom and of two specimens of human breast tissue obtained at the SYRMEP bending magnet beamline at Elettra, the Trieste synchrotron radiation facility. The introduction of an intensifier screen enabled us to obtain phase contrast images of these thick samples with radiation doses comparable to those used in mammography. Low absorbing details such as 50 microm thick nylon wires or thin calcium deposits (approximately 50 microm) within breast tissue, invisible with conventional techniques, are detected by means of the proposed method. We also find that the use of a bending magnet radiation source relaxes the previously reported requirements on source size for phase contrast imaging. Finally, the consistency of the results has been checked by theoretical simulations carried out for the purposes of this experiment.
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25
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Dalla Palma L, Di Michiel M, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A. Mammography of a phantom and breast tissue with synchrotron radiation and a linear-array silicon detector. Radiology 1998; 208:709-15. [PMID: 9722850 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.208.3.9722850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A linear-array, silicon pixel detector, capable of counting single photons, was applied to mammography by using a synchrotron radiation beam. Images were obtained of both a mammographic phantom and a breast-tissue sample. The phantom image was acquired with a mean glandular dose of 0.32 mGy. This detector combined with a synchrotron radiation beam allows acquisition of high-contrast, low-dose images of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy
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26
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Arfelli F, Bonvicini V, Bravin A, Cantatore G, Castelli E, Palma LD, Michiel MD, Longo R, Olivo A, Pani S, Pontoni D, Poropat P, Prest M, Rashevsky A, Tromba G, Vacchi A. A linear array silicon pixel detector: images of a mammographic test object and evaluation of delivered doses. Phys Med Biol 1997; 42:1565-73. [PMID: 9279906 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/42/8/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present images of a mammographic test object obtained using a linear array silicon pixel detector capable of single-photon counting. The detector pixel size was 200 x 300 microns2 and images were acquired by scanning the test object between the laminar detector and the x-ray source with a scanning step of 100 microns. A molybdenum anode tube was used with two different filtrations: 2 mm aluminium and 25 microns molybdenum. Conventional film-screen images were also obtained in order to compare spatial and contrast resolution. In our digital images it is possible to recognize low-contrast details having dimensions smaller than or equal to the dimensions of details visible by means of a clinical mammographic unit. The detection of microcalcifications smaller than 150 microns was possible only when using the Mo filtration. However a copper wire of 50 microns diameter was detectable when embedded in a simulated tissue. We discuss in detail the mean glandular doses (MGDs) delivered during the image acquisition. The MGDs necessary to obtain good-quality images are always smaller than at a conventional mammographic unit. Since MGDs depend on the x-ray spectrum, the dose reduction becomes larger when the applied spectrum is harder than in film-screen acquisition (Al filtration and 35 kVp).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arfelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Italy
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