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Hill C, Hsu H, Holguin M, Morton M, Winetrobe H, Rice E. An examination of housing interventions among youth experiencing homelessness: an investigation into racial/ethnic and sexual minority status. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:834-843. [PMID: 34355749 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to explore main and interaction effects of minority and multiple minority statuses on exits from homelessness and the stability of homelessness exits overtime. METHODS This study utilized the Homeless Management Information System administrative data of 10 922 youth experiencing homelessness collected from a convenience sample of 16 geographically diverse communities across the USA between 2015-17. Using multinomial logistic regression analyses and logistic regression, main effects and interaction effects of racial/ethnic minority identity and sexual/gender minority identity were examined on various homelessness exits (n = 9957) and housing sustainability (n = 5836). RESULTS Black youth, relative to White youth, were disproportionately exiting homelessness through incarceration (P < 0.001). Black and Latinx youth were less likely to successfully self-resolve their homelessness (both P < 0.05). Black heterosexual and Black and Latinx non-heterosexual youth were most frequently lost to the homeless system (all P < 0.01). Black youth, relative to White youth, were approximately half as likely to remain stably housed after returning to family (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS With respect to housing exits and exit stability, Black and Latinx heterosexual youth are consistently at a disadvantage. Homelessness/housing systems and programs need to conduct a deeper investigation into how they implement and develop equitable outreach and engagement practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hill
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - H Hsu
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M Holguin
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - M Morton
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - H Winetrobe
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society Operations Coordinator, Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, ,Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - E Rice
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Frankel AE, Weir MA, Hall PD, Holguin M, Cable C, Rizzieri DA, Hogge DE. Induction of remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia without prolonged myelosuppression using diphtheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7068 The recombinant diphtheria toxin fusion protein, DT388IL3, composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT388) fused to human interleukin-3 (IL3) showed selective cytotoxicity to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells both in vitro and in vivo and was prepared for a phase I clinical study (Urieto, Protein Exp Purif 33, 123, 2004). FDA approval (BB IND#11314) and IRB approvals were obtained. Seventy-five AML patients were screened and thirty-one patients treated. The median age of treated patients was 62 years (range, 25- 81 years). There were sixteen males and fifteen females. Disease was de novo in three, first relapse in ten, second relapse in eight, and refractory in ten patients. Four patients had a history of MDS, and one had a history of secondary AML. One patient each had previously received an autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cytogenetics were unfavorable in ten, intermediate in nineteen, and not done in two. Seven patients were treated with 4 μg/kg, eight patients were treated with 5.3 μg/kg, thirteen patients treated with 7.1 μg/kg, and three patients treated with 9.4 μg/kg DT388IL3. Drug-related toxicities were mild to moderate and transient including fever, chills, hypotension, hypoxemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Consistent with an absence of toxicity to normal hematopoietic progenitors, responses occurred in the absence of prolonged myelosuppression. Among thirty evaluable patients, we have observed one CR of 8 months duration, two partial remissions (PRs) lasting one and three months and three minimal responses with clearance of peripheral blasts and marrow blast cytoreductions of 89%, 90% and 93% lasting one to two months. Dose escalation is proceeding. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Frankel
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M. A. Weir
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P. D. Hall
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M. Holguin
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Cable
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. A. Rizzieri
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. E. Hogge
- Scott & White Cancer Research Institute, Temple, TX; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Farrell K, Witte MH, Holguin M, Lopez S. Women physicians in medical academia. A national statistical survey. JAMA 1979; 241:2808-12. [PMID: 448842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We determined the representation of women physicians on US medical school faculties by enumeration from school catalogues according to professorial rank, title series, and department affilitation. We also compiled similar data for top-level administrative posts, using periodic chronological comparisons from 1955 through 1977 and 1978. Despite a burgeoning population of women medical students, we found a pattern of underuse of women physicians characterized by limited upward mobility on the faculty (professor: median, 3.0%; range, 0% to 18.2%; assistant professor; median, 7.3%; range, 0% to 28.7%). There were no women in chief executive positions.
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