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Upadia J, Crivelly K, Noh G, Cunningham A, Cerminaro C, Li Y, Mckoin M, Chenevert M, Andersson HC. Maximal dietary responsiveness after tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in 19 phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency patients: What super-responders can expect. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 38:101050. [PMID: 38469087 PMCID: PMC10926188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, also known as phenylketonuria (PKU), causes poor growth and neurologic deficits in the untreated state. After ascertainment through newborn screen and dietary phenylalanine (Phe) restriction to achieve plasma Phe in the range of 120-360 μmol/L, these disease manifestations can be prevented. Poor compliance with protein restricted diets supported by medical food is typical in later years, beginning in the late toddler and teenage years. Pharmacologic doses of oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4; sapropterin dihydrochloride) is effective in reducing plasma Phe in about 40-50% of PKU patients but effectiveness is highly variable. Objective To assess the maximal responsiveness to 20 mg/kg/day oral BH4 as it affects plasma Phe and dietary Phe allowance in PKU patients. Materials and methods This was a single-center, retrospective observational study, combining case reports of individual patients. We reported an outcome of 85 patients with PKU who were trialed on BH4. Phe levels and dietary records of 19 BH4 "super-responders" were analyzed. Results Overall, 63.5% of the patients (54/85) were considered BH4 responders. However, we quantitated the dietary liberalization of 19 of our responsive patients (35%), those with at least a 2-fold increase in dietary Phe and maintenance of plasma Phe in treatment range. In these "super-responders", the mean plasma Phe at baseline was 371 ± 237 μmol/L and decreased to 284 ± 273 μmol/L after 1 year on BH4. Mean dietary Phe tolerance increased significantly from 595 ± 256 to 2260 ± 1414 mg/day (p ≤0.0001), while maintaining mean plasma Phe levels within treatment range. Four patients no longer required dietary Phe restriction and could discontinue medical food. The majority of patients had at least one BH4-responsive genotype. Conclusion This cohort demonstrates the maximally achievable dietary liberalization which some PKU patients may expect with BH4 therapy. Health benefits are considered to accrue in patients with increased intact protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Upadia
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kea Crivelly
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Grace Noh
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amy Cunningham
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Caroline Cerminaro
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuwen Li
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Meredith Mckoin
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Madeline Chenevert
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hans C. Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Chenevert M, Miller B, Karkoutli A, Rusnak A, Lott SE, Atallah J. The early embryonic transcriptome of a Hawaiian Drosophila picture-wing fly shows evidence of altered gene expression and novel gene evolution. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2022; 338:277-291. [PMID: 35322942 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A massive adaptive radiation on the Hawaiian archipelago has produced approximately one-quarter of the fly species in the family Drosophilidae. The Hawaiian Drosophila clade has long been recognized as a model system for the study of both the ecology of island endemics and the evolution of developmental mechanisms, but relatively few genomic and transcriptomic datasets are available for this group. We present here a differential expression analysis of the transcriptional profiles of two highly conserved embryonic stages in the Hawaiian picture-wing fly Drosophila grimshawi. When we compared our results to previously published datasets across the family Drosophilidae, we identified cases of both gains and losses of gene representation in D. grimshawi, including an apparent delay in Hox gene activation. We also found a high expression of unannotated genes. Most transcripts of unannotated genes with open reading frames do not have identified homologs in non-Hawaiian Drosophila species, although the vast majority have sequence matches in genomes of other Hawaiian picture-wing flies. Some of these unannotated genes may have arisen from noncoding sequence in the ancestor of Hawaiian flies or during the evolution of the clade. Our results suggest that both the modified use of ancestral genes and the evolution of new ones may occur in rapid radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Chenevert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bronwyn Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ahmad Karkoutli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anna Rusnak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box A-2, Arnold Lab, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Susan E Lott
- Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joel Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Jennings S, Chenevert M, Liu L, Mottamal M, Wojcik EJ, Huckaba TM. Characterization of kinesin switch I mutations that cause hereditary spastic paraplegia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180353. [PMID: 28678816 PMCID: PMC5498027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kif5A is a neuronally-enriched isoform of the Kinesin-1 family of cellular transport motors. 23 separate mutations in the motor domain of Kif5A have been identified in patients with the complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We performed in vitro assays on dimeric recombinant Kif5A with HSP-causing mutations in the Switch I domain, which participates in the coordination and hydrolysis of ATP by kinesin. We observed a variety of significantly reduced catalytic and mechanical activities as a result of each mutation, with the shared phenotype from each that motility was significantly reduced. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ in our reaction buffers provides a dose-dependent rescue in both the catalytic and ensemble mechanical properties of the S203C mutant. This work provides mechanistic insight into the cause of HSP in patients with these mutations and points to future experiments to further dissect the root cause of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Jennings
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Madeline Chenevert
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- RCMI Molecular Modeling Core, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Wojcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Huckaba
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The refractory period of the right bundle branch is increased when the R-R interval between the prior two conducted impulses is long. Thus, an impulse that arrives soon after the second of two impulses separated by a long R-R interval may be aberrantly conducted with a right bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram. This aberrant conduction is termed "Ashman's phenomenon" and is often responsible for isolated wide QRS complexes in the presence of underlying atrial fibrillation. This process may also produce runs of wide QRS complexes that must be distinguished from nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. A case of such multibeat Ashman's phenomena is presented, and the characteristics used to identify this phenomenon are discussed. A brief review of several recent studies on the differentiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy in the setting of a regular underlying rhythm is given as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chenevert
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance
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Baumgartner F, White GH, White RA, Bongard F, Smith C, Hiatt J, Chenevert M, Robertson JR. Delayed, exsanguinating pelvic hemorrhage after blunt trauma without bony fracture: case report. J Trauma 1990; 30:1603-5. [PMID: 2258983 DOI: 10.1097/00005373-199012000-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a young man who developed a delayed, life-threatening hemorrhage after blunt pelvic trauma. He did not have a bony fracture. Successful management of the hemorrhage with angiographic embolization and the complex subsequent course are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baumgartner
- Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance
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