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Bhandari KH, Asghar W, Newa M, Jamali F, Doschak MR. Evaluation of bone targeting salmon calcitonin analogues in rats developing osteoporosis and adjuvant arthritis. Curr Drug Deliv 2016; 12:98-107. [PMID: 25860966 DOI: 10.2174/156720181201150310154026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of the peptide hormone calcitonin have been used in medicine as biologic drug therapies for decades, to treat pathological conditions of excessive bone turnover, such as osteoporosis, where more bones are removed than replaced during bone remodeling. Osteoporosis and other chronic skeletal diseases, including inflammatory arthritis, exact a substantial and growing toll on aging populations worldwide however they respond poor to synthetic biologic drug therapy, due in part to the rapid half-life of elimination, which for calcitonin is 43 minutes. To address those shortcomings, we have developed and synthesized bone-targeting variants of calcitonin as a targeted drug delivery strategy, by conjugation to bisphosphonate drug bone-seeking functional groups in highly specific reaction conditions. To evaluate their in vivo efficacy, bisphosphonate-mediated bone targeting with PEGylated (polyethylene glycol conjugated) and non-PEGylated salmon calcitonin analogues were synthesized and dose escalation was performed in female rats developing Osteoporosis. The bone-targeting calcitonin analogues were also tested in a separate cohort of male rats developing adjuvant-induced arthritis. Ovariectomized female rats developing Osteoporosis were administered daily sub-cutaneous injection of analogues equivalent to 5, 10 and 20 IU/kg of calcitonin for 3 months. Adjuvant arthritis was developed in male rats by administering Mycobacterium butyricum through tail base injection. Daily sub-cutaneous injection of analogues equivalent to 20 IU/kg of calcitonin was administered and the rats were measured for visible signs of inflammation to a 21 day endpoint. In both studies, the effect of drug intervention upon bone volume and bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by measuring the trabecular bone volume percentage and BMD at the proximal tibial metaphysis using in vivo micro-computed tomography. With dose escalation studies, only bone targeting analogue dosed groups showed a trend towards increased BMD and bone volume at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Significant preservation of bone volume and BMD as evidenced by nonsignificant (P<0.05) loss of bone volume and BMD at the end of 3 month study endpoint was seen in animals dosed with 20 IU/kg of calcitonin compounds. Similarly, in case of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in bone volume and BMD in calcitonin-bisphosphonate and calcitonin-PEG-bisphosphonate treated groups at 21 days compared to the baseline values. Improved efficacy in terms of preserving bone volume and BMD in Osteoporosis, and in rats developing adjuvant-induced arthritis, by these analogues suggests their potential as new drug candidates for further evaluation to determine their usefulness in bone diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2N8 Canada.
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Newa M, Lam M, Bhandari KH, Xu B, Doschak MR. Expression, Characterization, and Evaluation of a RANK-Binding Single Chain Fraction Variable: An Osteoclast Targeting Drug Delivery Strategy. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:81-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Newa
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Michael Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Krishna Hari Bhandari
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Biwen Xu
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Michael R. Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
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Bhandari KH, Newa M, Chapman J, Doschak MR. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of bone targeting salmon calcitonin analogs in normal and osteoporotic rats. J Control Release 2011; 158:44-52. [PMID: 22001608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the therapeutic efficacy of an antiresorptive drug with imparted bone targeting potential using bisphosphonate (BP) conjugation and an improved pharmacokinetic profile using PEGylation, we synthesized, characterized and evaluated in vivo efficacy of bone-targeting PEGylated salmon calcitonin (sCT) analog (sCT-PEG-BP). sCT-PEG-BP was compared with non-PEGylated bone targeting sCT analog (sCT-BP) and unmodified, commercially available sCT. sCT-PEG-BP conjugates were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. The effect of PEG-BP or BP upon sCT secondary structure was examined by Circular Dichroism and sCT-PEG-BP was evaluated for in vitro bone mineral Hydroxyapatite (HA) binding ability and calcium salts specificity using a binding assay for bone HA and several calcium salts. Anti-calcitonin antibody binding ability of these analogs was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by reacting bone targeting sCT analogs with calcium phosphate coated Osteologic® plates and detecting the bound sCT using anti-sCT antibody. Potential cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated in monocytic RAW 264.7 cells, and sCT bioactivity was evaluated using an in vitro intracellular cAMP stimulation assay in human T47D breast cancer cells. Finally, in vivo efficacy of each compound was evaluated by determining the plasma levels of calcium after s.c. administration in normal rats, and in a rat model of Osteoporosis, secondary to ovariectomy (OVX). In vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to temporally map and quantify alterations in bone volume and bone mineral density (BMD) in the same animals at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after OVX surgery. Sixteen 6 week old virgin female rats underwent OVX surgery followed by the daily s.c. injection of 2.5IU/kg/day sCT or equivalent analogs, and compared to four sham-operated, placebo treated control rats. Our results showed the chemical coupling of PEG-BP or BP to sCT altered its secondary structure without altering its antibody binding ability. sCT analogs retained strong sCT bioactivity, were non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells in culture and elicited a comparable hypocalcemic effect to that of unmodified sCT in normal rats. Compared to marketed unmodified sCT, sCT-PEG-BP showed significantly improved efficacy in terms of preserving bone volume, BMD and trabecular micro-architecture in osteoporotic rats at the initial dose tested. Bisphosphonate-mediated targeting of PEGylated sCT to bone represents a new class of targeted antiresorptive compounds that has not previously been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Hari Bhandari
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Tang L, Kalvapalle R, Suresh M, Doschak MR. Antibody-mediated "universal" osteoclast targeting platform using calcitonin as a model drug. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1131-43. [PMID: 21301934 PMCID: PMC3073043 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To generate and characterize a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant human RANK receptor and to develop an antiresorptive strategy using this mAb as an osteoclast-targeting platform that selectively targets osteoclast cells whilst delivering an attached (i.e. chemically conjugated) active drug cargo. Methods Using hybridoma technology, we generated a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant human RANK receptor and characterized by SDS PAGE, ELISA, Western Blot and immunocytochemistry, then synthesized osteoclast-targeting bioconjugates of salmon calcitonin (sCT) using this antibody by generating thiol groups on mAb using 2-Iminothiolane and subsequently reacting them with sCT-PEG-MAL synthesised from sCT and NHS-PEG-MAL. To test the efficacy of the conjugate in vitro, osteoclasts were generated from precursor RAW 264.7 cells by dosing with the cytokines macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and RANK Ligand (RANKL) and TRAP activity assay, Resorption Pit Assay, TRAP staining were performed. Cytotoxicity of the mAb-sCT conjugate was also evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells; sCT bioactivity and CTR binding potential were evaluated by in vitro intracellular cAMP stimulation assay in human T47D breast cancer cells. Results Generation of antibody against human RANK receptor was confirmed by SDS PAGE, ELISA and Western Blot. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the osteoclast targeting potential of the antibody. Successful conjugation of the antibody with sCT was confirmed by SDS PAGE and ELISA.Multinucleated osteoclast formation was confirmed by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Conjugate functionality was confirmed by TRAP activity and Resorption Pit assay, showing the inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. cAMP assay confirmed the retention of calcitonin bioactivity after conjugation. Conclusions Our strategy offers the potential for a “universal” osteoclast-targeting platform—one that targets the RANK receptor on osteoclast cells by simply altering the conjugated cargo in order to affect the specific regulation of osteoclast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Newa
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2N8, Canada
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Lee DX, Sung JH, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Choi HG, Yong CS. Enhanced Dissolution of Ibuprofen Using Solid Dispersion with Polyethylene Glycol 20000. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:1013-21. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701744095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Woo JS, Lyoo WS. Preparation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Ibuprofen-Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Solid Dispersions. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:355-64. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540801952431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Li DX, Kim JO, Yoo DS, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Choi HG, Yong CS. Preparation and evaluation of immediate release ibuprofen solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol 4000. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:939-45. [PMID: 18451523 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve its dissolution, ibuprofen solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared in a relatively easy and simple manner, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and evaluated for solubility, in-vitro drug release and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats. Loss of individual surface properties during melting and resolidification as revealed by SEM micrographs indicated the formation of effective SDs. Absence or shifting towards the lower melting temperature of the drug peak in SDs and physical mixtures in DSC study indicated the possibilities of drug-polymer interactions. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of drug crystalline in SDs. Quicker release of ibuprofen from SDs in rat intestine resulted in a significant increase in AUC and Cmax, and a significant decrease in Tmax over pure ibuprofen. Preliminary results from this study suggested that the preparation of fast dissolving ibuprofen SDs by low temperature melting method using polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) as a meltable hydrophilic polymer carrier could be a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution and absorption rate of ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Newa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, 712-749, South Korea
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Bhandari KH, Lee DX, Newa M, Yoon SI, Kim JS, Kim DD, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Lyoo WS, Lee JH, Choi HG, Yong CS. Evaluation of skin permeation and accumulation profiles of a highly lipophilic fatty ester. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:242-9. [PMID: 18365697 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the skin permeation and accumulation profiles of a highly lipophilic fatty ester using the combination of various permeation enhancing techniques to study the potential of highly lipophilic fatty esters as local topical agents. Permeation and accumulation profiles of ketorolac stearate (C18:0) were studied using solubility improved formulation, supersaturated solution of permeant in enhancer vehicle, lipophilic receptor solution, enhancer pretreatment, and the removal of stratum corneum and delipidization of skins. Impermeability and minimal skin accumulation of ketorolac stearate could delineate a preliminary possibility for designing safer topical agents without systemic absorption.
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Kim JO, Im JS, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Choi HG, Yong CS. Enhancement of Solubility, Dissolution and Bioavailability of Ibuprofen in Solid Dispersion Systems. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:569-74. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Newa M, Bhandari KH, Li DX, Kwon TH, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Lyoo WS, Yong CS, Choi HG. Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of ibuprofen binary solid dispersions with poloxamer 188. Int J Pharm 2007; 343:228-37. [PMID: 17597315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen-Poloxamer 188 (P 188) binary solid dispersions (SD) with different drug loadings were prepared, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and evaluated for solubility, in vitro release, and oral bioavailability of ibuprofen in rats. Loss of their individual surface properties during melting and solidification as revealed by SEM micrographs indicated the formation of effective SDs. Absence or shifting towards the lower melting temperature of the drug peak in SDs and physical mixtures in DSC study indicated the possibilities of its interactions with P 188. However, no such interactions in the solid state were confirmed by FTIR spectra which showed the presence of drug crystalline in SDs. Immediate and complete release of ibuprofen from SDs might be because of the reduction in the drug crystalline due to eutectic formation, and their dosing to fasted rats resulted in a significant increase in the area under curve (AUC) of the plasma concentration versus time curve and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and a significant decrease in the time to reach Cmax (Tmax) over ibuprofen and physical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Newa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
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Bhandari KH, Newa M, Yoon SII, Kim JS, Jang KY, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Lee JH, Kim DD, Choi HG, Yong CS. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Skin Permeation and Accumulation Profiles of Ketorolac Fatty Ester Prodrugs. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:2211-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae Hwi Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University
| | - Dae Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
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Bhandari KH, Newa M, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Lyoo WS, Lim HT, Choi HG, Yong CS. Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Coenzyme Q10 Binary Solid Dispersions for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1171-6. [PMID: 17541177 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phase solubility behavior of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) at 25 degrees C in various molar solutions of poloxamer 188 (P188) in water was observed and their binary solid dispersions (BSD) at different weight ratios were prepared by a simple, rapid, cost effective, uncomplicated and potentially scalable low temperature melting method. BSDs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evaluated for improved solubility at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C and in-vitro release of CoQ10 at 37 degrees C in distilled water. Solubility of CoQ10 increased with increasing concentrations of P188 in water. Gibbs free energy (deltaG(o)tr) values were all negative indicating the spontaneous nature of CoQ10 solubilization and decreased with increasing concentration of P188 demonstrating that the reaction conditions became more favorable as the concentration of P188 increased. DSC and SEM analysis indicated that the homogeneity of dispersion was not at the molecular level. However, BSDs exhibited a remarkably improved aqueous solubility and dissolution of CoQ10.
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Bhandari KH, Newa M, Yoon SI, Kim JS, Kim DD, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Lyoo WS, Choi JY, Lim HT, Lee JH, Choi HG, Yong CS. Evaluation of skin permeation and accumulation profiles of ketorolac fatty esters. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2007; 10:278-87. [PMID: 17727791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Classic penetration enhancement/retardation methods for improved dermal drug delivery primarily focus on co-applied chemicals aided alterations in skin accumulation/permeation profile, and in many cases, this has been achieved by compromising the systemic absorption/toxicities of penetrant/enhancer/retarder. In this study, higher dermal accumulation without systemic absorption of ketorolac and its fatty esters (esters) will be achieved by synthesizing lipophilic fatty ester soft prodrugs of ketorolac. METHODS Ketorolac decenoate (C10:1), dodecenoate (C12:1) and palmitoleate (C16:1) were synthesized and evaluated for their lipophilicity, enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical stabilities, and skin permeation and accumulation profiles using the combination of common permeation enhancing techniques such as the use of lipophilic receptor solution, enhancer pretreatment of skins, removal of stratum corneum and delipidization of skins etc. RESULTS Esters were highly lipophilic, chemically stable, enzymatically unstable in hairless mouse skin/liver homogenates and impermeable into the receptor solution. CONCLUSION Higher dermal accumulation, absence of skin permeation, relative enzymatic stability in whole skins during permeation study and the pharmaceutical stability of esters could delineate a preliminary possibility for designing safer dermal agents with minimum potential for systemic absorption without the co-application of permeation enhancers or retarders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Hari Bhandari
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
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