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Parra M, Aldabaldetrecu M, Arce P, Soto-Aguilera S, Vargas R, Guerrero J, Tello M, Modak B. [Cu(NN 1) 2]ClO 4, a Copper (I) Complex as an Antimicrobial Agent for the Treatment of Piscirickettsiosis in Atlantic Salmon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3700. [PMID: 38612511 PMCID: PMC11011784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the pathogen that most affects the salmon industry in Chile. Large quantities of antibiotics have been used to control it. In search of alternatives, we have developed [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 where NN1 = 6-((quinolin-2-ylmethylene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one. The antibacterial capacity of [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 was determined. Subsequently, the effect of the administration of [Cu(NN1)2]ClO4 on the growth of S. salar, modulation of the immune system and the intestinal microbiota was studied. Finally, the ability to protect against a challenge with P. salmonis was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the compound has an MIC between 15 and 33.9 μg/mL in four isolates. On the other hand, the compound did not affect the growth of the fish; however, an increase in the transcript levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1β, CD4, lysozyme and perforin was observed in fish treated with 40 μg/g of fish. Furthermore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota was observed, increasing the genera of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus as well as potential pathogens such as Vibrio and Piscirickettsia. Finally, the treatment increased survival in fish challenged with P. salmonis by more than 60%. These results demonstrate that the compound is capable of protecting fish against P. salmonis, probably by modulating the immune system and the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Parra
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Maialen Aldabaldetrecu
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Pablo Arce
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarita Soto-Aguilera
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
- Aquaculture Production Unit, Universidad of Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratory of Coordination Compounds and Supramolecularity, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (M.A.); (P.A.); (J.G.)
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratory of Bacterial Metagenomic, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile; (S.S.-A.); (R.V.)
| | - Brenda Modak
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile;
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Aldabaldetrecu M, Tamayo L, Alarcon R, Walter M, Salas-Huenuleo E, Kogan MJ, Guerrero J, Paez M, Azócar MI. Stability of Antibacterial Silver Carboxylate Complexes against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Their Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2018; 23:E1629. [PMID: 29973523 PMCID: PMC6100285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis of five silver carboxylate complexes with anti-inflammatory ligands were studied in order to analyze and compare them in terms of stability (in solution and after exposure to UV light), and their antibacterial and morphological differences. Four effects of the Ag-complexes were evidenced by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM): DNA condensation, membrane disruption, shedding of cytoplasmic material and silver compound microcrystal penetration of bacteria. 5-Chlorosalicylic acid (5Cl) and sodium 4-aminosalicylate (4A) were the most effective ligands for synthesizing silver complexes with high levels of antibacterial activity. However, Ag-5Cl was the most stable against exposure UV light (365 nm). Cytotoxic effects were tested against two kinds of eukaryotic cells: murine fibroblast cells (T10 1/2) and human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (A2780). The main objective was to identify changes in their antibacterial properties associated with potential decomposition and the implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Aldabaldetrecu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Laura Tamayo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Polymers and Macromolecules Center, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Romina Alarcon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mariana Walter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maritza Paez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel I Azócar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
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Azócar MI, Aldabaldetrecu M, levin P, Tamayo L, Guerrero J, Páez MA. Correlating light and thermal stability of silver carboxylate complexes by infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopy. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1234610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel I. Azócar
- Facultad de química y biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pedro levin
- Facultad de química y biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Tamayo
- Facultad de química y biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Facultad de química y biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maritza A. Páez
- Facultad de química y biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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