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Ong P, Hubert A, Schwidder M, Beltrame JF. Coronary Spasm: Ethnic and Sex Differences. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e43. [PMID: 37456767 PMCID: PMC10345948 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary spasm (CS), which may occur at the epicardial (focal or diffuse spasm) and/or microvascular (microvascular spasm) level, is a well-established cause of myocardial ischaemia, in particular in patients with anginal chest pain despite unobstructed coronary arteries. The diagnosis of CS can be confirmed during coronary angiography by an additional provocation test with vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine. Due to partially inconsistent data from large clinical studies, especially between Asian and white CS patients, ethnic differences concerning the prevalence and angiographic patterns of CS seem to exist. Furthermore, several studies in patients with coronary vasomotor disorders pointed towards differences among male and female CS patients. This article gives an overview of ethnic- and sex-related differences in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ong
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Department of Cardiology and AngiologyStuttgart, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Department of Cardiology and AngiologyStuttgart, Germany
| | - Maike Schwidder
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Department of Cardiology and AngiologyStuttgart, Germany
| | - John F Beltrame
- The Queen Elizabeth HospitalAdelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, Australia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaide, Australia
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Suda A, Takahashi J, Schwidder M, Ong P, Ang D, Berry C, Camici PG, Crea F, Carlos Kaski J, Pepine C, Rimoldi O, Sechtem U, Yasuda S, Beltrame JF, Noel Bairey Merz C, Shimokawa H. Prognostic association of plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with microvascular angina -A report from the international cohort study by COVADIS. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2022; 43:101139. [PMID: 36338319 PMCID: PMC9626381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BackgroudThe aim of this study was to assess the prognostic association of plasma levels of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with clinical outcomes of patients with microvascular angina (MVA). Methods In this international prospective cohort study of MVA by the Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study (COVADIS) group, we examined the association between plasma NT-proBNP levels and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalization due to heart failure or unstable angina. Results We examined a total of 226 MVA patients (M/F 66/160, 61.9 ± 10.2 [SD] yrs.) with both plasma NT-proBNP levels and echocardiography data available at the time of enrolment. The median level of NT-proBNP level was 94 pg/ml, while mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 69.2 ± 10.9 % and E/e' 10.7 ± 5.2. During follow-up period of a median of 365 days (IQR 365-482), 29 MACEs occurred. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis identified plasma NT-proBNP level of 78 pg/ml as the optimal cut-off value. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma NT-proBNP level ≥ 78 pg/ml significantly correlated with the incidence of MACE (odds ratio (OR) [95 % confidence interval (CI)] 3.11[1.14-8.49], P = 0.001). Accordingly, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly worse prognosis in the group with NT-proBNP ≥ 78 (log-rank test, P < 0.03). Finally, a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma NT-proBNP levels and E/e' (R = 0.445, P < 0.0001). Conclusions These results indicate that plasma NT-proBNP levels may represent a novel prognostic biomarker for MVA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maike Schwidder
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Ong
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Ang
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Paolo G. Camici
- Vita Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Res Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK
| | - Carl Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ornella Rimoldi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - John F. Beltrame
- The Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - on behalf of the Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study COVADIS Group
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
- Vita Salute University and San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Res Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate, Italy
- The Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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Rodríguez-Rubio L, Haarmann N, Schwidder M, Muniesa M, Schmidt H. Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Their Contribution to Pathogenicity. Pathogens 2021; 10:404. [PMID: 33805526 PMCID: PMC8065619 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle integrated as prophages in specific sites of the bacterial chromosome. Upon spontaneous induction or induction by chemical or physical stimuli, the stx genes are co-transcribed together with the late phase genes of the prophages. After being assembled in the cytoplasm, and after host cell lysis, mature bacteriophage particles are released into the environment, together with Stx. As members of the group of lambdoid phages, Stx phages share many genetic features with the archetypical temperate phage Lambda, but are heterogeneous in their DNA sequences due to frequent recombination events. In addition to Stx phages, the genome of pathogenic STEC bacteria may contain numerous prophages, which are either cryptic or functional. These prophages may carry foreign genes, some of them related to virulence, besides those necessary for the phage life cycle. Since the production of one or more Stx is considered the major pathogenicity factor of STEC, we aim to highlight the new insights on the contribution of Stx phages and other STEC phages to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Nadja Haarmann
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Maike Schwidder
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
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Abstract
A study of Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts with variable amounts of isolated, oligomeric and heavily aggregated Fe3+ oxo sites (as evidenced by UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopic data) and their catalytic properties in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by isobutane or by NH3 is presented, which allows development of a unified concept of the active Fe sites in these reactions, according to which isolated Fe sites catalyse both SCR reactions while oligomeric sites, though also involved in the selective reduction path, limit the catalyst performance by causing the total oxidation of the reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwidder
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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