Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.

METHODS

This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.

RESULTS

A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 per cent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 per cent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 per cent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle- compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.

CONCLUSION

Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761).

Current clinical practice in the management of Brazilian patients with potentially resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

We aimed to describe the routine clinical practice of physicians involved in the treatment of patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in Brazil.

METHODS

Physicians were invited through email and text messages to participate in an electronic survey sponsored by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumor Group (GTG) and the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (SBCO). We evaluated the relationship between variable categories numerically with false discovery rate-adjusted Fisher's exact test p values and graphically with Multiple Correspondence Analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 255 physicians answered the survey. Most (52.5%) were medical oncologists, treated patients predominantly in the private setting (71.0%), and had access to multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTDTB; 76.1%). Medical oncologists were more likely to describe neoadjuvant therapy as beneficial in the resectable setting and surgeons in the borderline resectable setting. Most physicians would use information on risk factors for early recurrence, frailty, and type of surgery to decide treatment strategy. Doctors working predominantly in public institutions were less likely to have access to MTDTB and to consider FOLFIRINOX the most adequate regimen in the neoadjuvant setting.

CONCLUSIONS

Considerable differences exist in the management of localized PDAC, some of them possibly explained by the medical specialty, but also by the funding source of health care.

Liver regeneration after extensive hepatectomy in rats: effect of preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous 5-fluorouracil

PURPOSE

To evaluate the effect of preoperative intravenous chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil on liver regeneration in an experimental model of major hepatectomy in rats.

METHODS

Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 20 animals each and submitted to 70% hepatectomy 24 h after intravenous injection of 5-fluorouracil 20 mg/kg (fluorouracil group, FG) or 0.9% saline (control group, CG). After hepatectomy, each group was subdivided into two subgroups of 10 animals each according to the day of sacrifice (24 h or 7 days). Liver weight during regeneration, liver regeneration rate using Kwon formula, and the immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 were used to assess liver regeneration.

RESULTS

At early phase (24 h after hepatectomy) it was demonstrated the negative effect of 5-fluorouracil on liver regeneration when assessed by Kwon formula (p < 0.0001), PCNA analysis (p = 0.02). With regeneration process complete (7 days), it was possible to demonstrate the sustained impairment of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil on hepatocytes regeneration phenomenon when measured by Kwon formula (p = 0.009), PCNA analysis (p = 0.0001) and Ki-67 analysis (0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous 5-fluorouracil negatively affected the mechanisms of liver regeneration after major hepatectomy in rats.

BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON INCIDENTAL GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA

Background:

Incidental gallbladder cancer is defined as a cancer discovered by histological examination after cholecystectomy. It is a potentially curable disease. However, some questions related to their management remain controversial and a defined strategy is associated with better prognosis.

Aim:

To develop the first evidence-based consensus for management of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer in Brazil.

Methods:

Sixteen questions were selected, and 36 Brazilian and International members were included to the answer them. The statements were based on current evident literature. The final report was sent to the members of the panel for agreement assessment.

Results:

Intraoperative evaluation of the specimen, use of retrieval bags and routine histopathology is recommended. Complete preoperative evaluation is necessary and the reoperation should be performed once final staging is available. Evaluation of the cystic duct margin and routine 16b1 lymph node biopsy is recommended. Chemotherapy should be considered and chemoradiation therapy if microscopically positive surgical margins. Port site should be resected exceptionally. Staging laparoscopy before reoperation is recommended, but minimally invasive radical approach only in specialized minimally invasive hepatopancreatobiliary centers. The extent of liver resection is acceptable if R0 resection is achieved. Standard lymph node dissection is required for T2 tumors and above, but common bile duct resection is not recommended routinely.

Conclusions:

It was possible to prepare safe recommendations as guidance for incidental gallbladder carcinoma, addressing the most frequent topics of everyday work of digestive and general surgeons.

Surgical cancer care in the COVID-19 era: front line views and consensus

OBJECTIVE

to suggest a script for surgical oncology assistance in COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

METHOD

a narrative review and a "brainstorming" consensus were carried out after discussion with more than 350 Brazilian specialists and renowned surgeons from Portugal, France, Italy and United States of America.

RESULTS

consensus on testing for COVID-19: 1- All patients to be operated should be tested between 24 and 48 before the procedure; 2- The team that has contact with sick or symptomatic patients should be tested; 3 - Chest tomography was suggested to investigate pulmonary changes. Consensus on protection of care teams: 1 - Use of surgical masks inside the hospitals. Use of N95 masks for all professionals in the operating room; 2 - Selection of cases for minimally invasive surgery and maximum pneumoperitoneal aspiration before removal of the surgical specimen; 2 - Optimization of the number of people in teams, with a minimum number of professionals, reducing their occupational exposure, the consumption of protective equipment and the circulation of people in the hospital environment; 3 - Isolation of contaminated patients. Priority consensus: 1- Construction of service priorities; 2 - Interdisciplinary discussion on minimally invasive or conventional pathways.

CONCLUSION

the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) suggests a script for coping with oncological treatment, remembering that the impoundment in the assistance of these cases, can configure a new wave of overload in health systems.

Morbimortalidade relacionada à técnica de anastomose pancreática (ducto-mucosa x telescopagem) após cirurgia de Whipple

OBJETIVOS: A gastroduodenopancreatectomia (GDP) é atualmente a única forma de tratamento segura e eficaz para pacientes selecionados com doenças benignas e malignas do pâncreas e da região periampular. Entre as complicações pós-operatórias, a fístula pancreática continua sendo a mais importante, com uma incidência que varia de 5 a 25% nas grandes séries. Os objetivos deste trabalho são os de avaliar a morbimortalidade relacionada a duas técnicas de anastomoses pancreatojejunais (ducto-mucosa X telescopagem), e comparar seus resultados. MÉTODO: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 64 pacientes submetidos à GDP, no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdômino-Pélvica, do INCA, no período de 1987 a 2002. Destes doentes, 42 foram submetidos à anastomose tipo ducto-mucosa e 22 à telescopagem. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de Fischer. RESULTADOS: A taxa de fístula pancreática no grupo ducto-mucosa foi de 12% e no telescopagem foi 36%. Esta diferença percentual se mostrou estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,02). A mortalidade operatória relacionada à fístula pancreática foi de 2,4% para o grupo ducto-mucosa e 4,5% para o telescopagem, com nível de significância estatística > 5%. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de anastomose pancreatojejunal tipo ducto-mucosa é associada a menores índices de fístula pancreática em relação a técnica de telescopagem, enquanto que a mortalidade operatória relacionada a fístula não mostrou diferença estatística entre os dois grupos estudados.

Ectopic third molar in the condylar process: case report

We describe an ectopic inferior third molar which is positioned in the condylar process and associated with an odontogenic cyst. The ectopic third molar is a quite frequent condition but it become unusual when the tooth is placed in the condylar region. In the reported case the removal of both the tooth and the cyst was recommended to solve the infective and articular symptoms and to prevent worse complications like pathologic fractures due to bone's absorption.

A comparison of open and closed treatment of condylar fractures: a change in philosophy

A comparison between two samples of patients with condylar fractures is reported: the first treated non-surgically and the second with open reduction and rigid internal fixation. The functional results for both groups were similar. However, open reduction gave better occlusal results, anatomic restoration and faster recovery rates than non-surgical techniques.

[Normalization of menstrual cycles and pregnancy after liver transplantation]

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of successful liver transplantation on menstrual cycles abnormalities and on reproductive function of women with chronic liver disease. Twelve women with age between 17 and 54 years who underwent liver transplantation were evaluated. The following variables were analyzed: age, etiology of chronic liver disease, pattern of menstrual function and period of amenorrhea before and after transplantation, and occurrence of pregnancy after transplantation. The mean age of patients was 36 +/- 12.6 years. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis did not have menstrual abnormalities before transplantation. The other patients presented amenorrhea for 3 months to 11 years before the transplantation. Rapid recovery of menstrual function was observed in all patients after the transplantation (3.1 +/- 1.2 months). Two patients became pregnant one and three years after the transplantation. It is concluded from this study that most women who present amenorrhea secondary to chronic liver disease have normal menstrual cycles in approximately three months following liver transplantation and they may become pregnant.

[Aspergillus-induced maxillary sinusitis]

Maxillary aspergillosis sinusitis more often occur in immunocompromised patients, but this pathology is increasing also in healthy people. Many risk factors are known and clinical and radiologic findings are aspecific; diagnosis therefore is possible with histologic and microbiologic aid. This particular disease and its surgical-pharmacological approach is explained.

[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and mucoepidermoid cyst of the jaw bones in the same patient. A clinical case and discussion of their histogenesis]

The association between a so-called mucoepidermoid cyst and a central mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 29-year-old man is reported. Since the two lesions are in continuity and the morphologic appearances are very much alike, a close relationship between these entities is suggested.