Research on Energy Management of Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Improve Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Performance

The rapid development of industry results in large energy consumption and a negative impact on the environment. Pollution of the environment caused by conventional energy sources such as petrol leads to increased demand for propulsion systems with higher efficiency and capable of energy-saving and emission reduction. The usage of hybrid technology is expected to improve energy conversion efficiency, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. In this paper, the simulation platform for the hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been built by establishing the subsystem models of the UAV power system. Under the two chosen working conditions, the conventional cruise flight mission and the terrain tracking mission, the power tracking control and Q-Learning method have been used to design the energy management controller for the hybrid UAV. The fuel consumption and pollutant emissions under each working condition were calculated. The results show that the hybrid system can improve the efficiency of the UAV system, reduce the fuel consumption of the UAV, and so reduce the emissions of CO₂, NO_x, and other pollutants. This contributes to improving of environmental quality, energy-saving, and emission reduction, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of aviation.

Hepatocholangioadenoma in a pig

A Landrace sow had several neoplastic nodules in the liver. Histopathologically, the individual nodules consisted of two types of closely associated neoplastic cells; one was of hepatocellular type, the other of cholangiocellular type. Based on this finding, the term "hepatocholangioadenoma" is considered to be appropriate for this tumour. Previously reported in man, the dog and the duck, a mixed type of primary hepatic neoplasm has now been found in the pig.

Preparation of virus-free pyridoxylated hemoglobin from the blood of HBV or HTLV-I healthy carriers

One of our major aims was to find ways to utilize outdated or virus-contaminated blood. Pyridoxylated hemoglobin (PLP-Hb), a possible substitute for red cells as an artificial oxygen carrier was prepared from outdated human blood. By conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the biological half life was increased about 3 folds at 82% blood replacement in rats without significant side effects in vivo or in vitro. We next tried to prepare virus-free PEG-PLP-Hb from HBV or HTLV-I positive blood. A considerable amount of HBV (Dane particles) could be removed from HBV-positive red cells by washing and during the preparation of PEG-PLP-Hb. When the hemoglobin preparations containing Dane particles were filtered through a porous cellulose filter, BMM-30 (30 nm pore size, Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan), HBV-DNA in the filtered fractions became less than 0.33% of the initial amount. More than 96% of blood leukocytes could be removed with a leukocyte removal filter, Sepacell R-500 (Asahi Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The leukocytes collected from filtrated fractions of HTLV-I positive blood did not survive beyond 3 days. Since transmission of HTLV-I occurs by cell to cell contact and is rare in cell-Free condition, it is unlikely that the PLP-Hb prepared from HTLV-I positive blood which is deprived of leukocytes transmits HTLV-I infection.