Effectiveness of internet-based and mobile-based interventions for adults with overweight or obesity experiencing symptoms of depression: a systematic review protocol

INTRODUCTION

Internet-based and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) provide innovative low-threshold and cost-effective prevention and self-management options for mental health problems complementary to standard treatment. The objective of this systematic review is to summarise the effectiveness and to critically evaluate studies on IMIs addressing comorbid depressive symptoms in adults with overweight or obesity.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

The study authors will systematically search the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar (for grey literature) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of IMIs for individuals with overweight or obesity and comorbid depressive symptoms without restrictions on publication date (planned inception 1 June 2023 to 1 December 2023). Two reviewers will independently extract and evaluate data from studies eligible for inclusion by assessing quality of evidence and qualitatively synthesising results. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool in RCTs (RoB 2) will be applied.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

Ethical approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Study results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations on conferences.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

CRD42023361771.

Obtaining a sexual history from adolescent girls. A preliminary report of the influence of age and ethnicity

This preliminary study was undertaken to explore the hypothesis that socioeconomic and racial, as well as medical, factors influence the physician's decision about obtaining a sexual history from an adolescent female. Sixty consecutive medical records of adolescent-age emergency room patients with acute abdominal pain were classified according to ethnic group and socioeconomic status and searched for evidence that a sexual history had been taken. The study revealed a much higher number of recorded sexual histories among blacks and Hispanics. Although the absence of such a history seemed to have little relationship to diagnostic accuracy, a sensitive selectivity in exposing acutely ill teenagers to possible embarrassing questions appeared to be reserved for white, middle-class teenagers.