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Gorijala P, Aslam MM, Dang LT, Xicota L, Fernandez MV, Sung YJ, Fan K, Feingold E, Surace EI, Chhatwal JP, Hom CL, Hartley SL, Hassenstab J, Perrin RJ, Mapstone M, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Kamboh MI, Lee JH, Cruchaga C. Alzheimer's polygenic risk scores are associated with cognitive phenotypes in Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1038-1049. [PMID: 37855447 PMCID: PMC10916941 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the influence of the overall Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic architecture on Down syndrome (DS) status, cognitive measures, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. METHODS AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were tested for association with DS-related traits. RESULTS The AD risk PRS was associated with disease status in several cohorts of sporadic late- and early-onset and familial late-onset AD, but not in familial early-onset AD or DS. On the other hand, lower DS Mental Status Examination memory scores were associated with higher PRS, independent of intellectual disability and APOE (PRS including APOE, PRSAPOE , p = 2.84 × 10-4 ; PRS excluding APOE, PRSnonAPOE , p = 1.60 × 10-2 ). PRSAPOE exhibited significant associations with Aβ42, tTau, pTau, and Aβ42/40 ratio in DS. DISCUSSION These data indicate that the AD genetic architecture influences cognitive and CSF phenotypes in DS adults, supporting common pathways that influence memory decline in both traits. HIGHLIGHTS Examination of the polygenic risk of AD in DS presented here is the first of its kind. AD PRS influences memory aspects in DS individuals, independently of APOE genotype. These results point to an overlap between the genes and pathways that leads to AD and those that influence dementia and memory decline in the DS population. APOE ε4 is linked to DS cognitive decline, expanding cognitive insights in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Neurogenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - M. Muaaz Aslam
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghSchool of Public HealthPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lam‐Ha T. Dang
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Sergievsky CenterTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brainand Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - L. Xicota
- Sergievsky CenterTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brainand Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Maria V. Fernandez
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Neurogenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Neurogenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Division of BiostatisticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kang‐Hsien Fan
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghSchool of Public HealthPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghSchool of Public HealthPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ezequiel I. Surace
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases ‐ Institute of Neurosciences (INEU‐Fleni‐ CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jasmeer P Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christy L. Hom
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine School of MedicineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Sigan L. Hartley
- Waisman Center and School of Human EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐ MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology and Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurologic DiseasesWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California‐IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research GroupDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeDouglas HouseCambridgeUK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustElizabeth HouseFulbourn HospitalFulbournCambridgeUK
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghSchool of Public HealthPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Sergievsky CenterTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brainand Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Neurogenomics and Informatics CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Hope Center for Neurologic DiseasesWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Bradley J, Gorijala P, Schindler SE, Sung YJ, Ances B, Fernandez MV, Cruchaga C. Genetic architecture of plasma Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2532-2543. [PMID: 37208024 PMCID: PMC10360384 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarker levels have identified novel genes implicated in disease risk, onset and progression. However, lumbar punctures have limited availability and may be perceived as invasive. Blood collection is readily available and well accepted, but it is not clear whether plasma biomarkers will be informative for genetic studies. Here we perform genetic analyses on concentrations of plasma amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 (n = 1,467) and Aβ42 (n = 1,484), Aβ42/40 (n = 1467) total tau (n = 504), tau phosphorylated (p-tau181; n = 1079) and neurofilament light (NfL; n = 2,058). GWAS and gene-based analysis was used to identify single variant and genes associated with plasma levels. Finally, polygenic risk score and summary statistics were used to investigate overlapping genetic architecture between plasma biomarkers, CSF biomarkers and AD risk. We found a total of six genome-wide significant signals. APOE was associated with plasma Aβ42, Aβ42/40, tau, p-tau181 and NfL. We proposed 10 candidate functional genes on the basis of 12 single nucleotide polymorphism-biomarker pairs and brain differential gene expression analysis. We found a significant genetic overlap between CSF and plasma biomarkers. We also demonstrate that it is possible to improve the specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers, when genetic variants regulating protein levels are included in the model. This current study using plasma biomarker levels as quantitative traits can be critical to identification of novel genes that impact AD and more accurate interpretation of plasma biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun J Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau Ances
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria V Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Jiang S, Wen N, Li Z, Dube U, Del Aguila J, Budde J, Martinez R, Hsu S, Fernandez MV, Cairns NJ, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Karch CM. Integrative system biology analyses of CRISPR-edited iPSC-derived neurons and human brains reveal deficiencies of presynaptic signaling in FTLD and PSP. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:265. [PMID: 30546007 PMCID: PMC6293323 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene cause autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau inclusions (FTLD-tau). MAPT p.R406W carriers present clinically with progressive memory loss and neuropathologically with neuronal and glial tauopathy. However, the pathogenic events triggered by the expression of the mutant tau protein remain poorly understood. To identify the genes and pathways that are dysregulated in FTLD-tau, we performed transcriptomic analyses in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons carrying MAPT p.R406W and CRISPR/Cas9-corrected isogenic controls. We found that the expression of the MAPT p.R406W mutation was sufficient to create a significantly different transcriptomic profile compared with that of the isogeneic controls and to cause the differential expression of 328 genes. Sixty-one of these genes were also differentially expressed in the same direction between MAPT p.R406W carriers and pathology-free human control brains. We found that genes differentially expressed in the stem cell models and human brains were enriched for pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and pre-synaptic function. The expression of GABA receptor genes, including GABRB2 and GABRG2, were consistently reduced in iPSC-derived neurons and brains from MAPT p.R406W carriers. Interestingly, we found that GABA receptor genes, including GABRB2 and GABRG2, are significantly lower in symptomatic mouse models of tauopathy, as well as in brains with progressive supranuclear palsy. Genome wide association analyses reveal that common variants within GABRB2 are associated with increased risk for frontotemporal dementia (P < 1 × 10-3). Thus, our systems biology approach, which leverages molecular data from stem cells, animal models, and human brain tissue can reveal novel disease mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that MAPT p.R406W is sufficient to induce changes in GABA-mediated signaling and synaptic function, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of FTLD-tau and other primary tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Natalie Wen
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Zeran Li
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Umber Dube
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jorge Del Aguila
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - John Budde
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Rita Martinez
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Simon Hsu
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Maria V. Fernandez
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8118, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | | | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- 0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,0000 0001 2355 7002grid.4367.6Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave. Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Davis AA, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Cooper B, Diez-Fairen M, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Pleiotropic Effects of Variants in Dementia Genes in Parkinson Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:230. [PMID: 29692703 PMCID: PMC5902712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) increases dramatically with advancing age, approaching 80% in patients who survive 20 years with the disease. Increasing evidence suggests clinical, pathological and genetic overlap between Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia with PD. However, the contribution of the dementia-causing genes to PD risk, cognitive impairment and dementia in PD is not fully established. Objective: To assess the contribution of coding variants in Mendelian dementia-causing genes on the risk of developing PD and the effect on cognitive performance of PD patients. Methods: We analyzed the coding regions of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), Presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1, PSEN2), and Granulin (GRN) genes from 1,374 PD cases and 973 controls using pooled-DNA targeted sequence, human exome-chip and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data by single variant and gene base (SKAT-O and burden tests) analyses. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The effect of coding variants in dementia-causing genes on cognitive performance was tested by multiple regression analysis adjusting for gender, disease duration, age at dementia assessment, study site and APOE carrier status. Results: Known AD pathogenic mutations in the PSEN1 (p.A79V) and PSEN2 (p.V148I) genes were found in 0.3% of all PD patients. There was a significant burden of rare, likely damaging variants in the GRN and PSEN1 genes in PD patients when compared with frequencies in the European population from the ExAC database. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PD patients carrying rare variants in the APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and GRN genes exhibit lower cognitive tests scores than non-carrier PD patients (p = 2.0 × 10-4), independent of age at PD diagnosis, age at evaluation, APOE status or recruitment site. Conclusions: Pathogenic mutations in the Alzheimer disease-causing genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are found in sporadic PD patients. PD patients with cognitive decline carry rare variants in dementia-causing genes. Variants in genes causing Mendelian neurodegenerative diseases exhibit pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria V Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Breanna Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.,Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Manches O, Fernandez MV, Plumas J, Chaperot L, Bhardwaj N. HIV triggers immunoregulatory dendritic cells and regulatory T cells through the non-canonical NF-kB pathway. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441636 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fernandez MV, Warid WA, Loaiza JM, Montiel A. Developmental patterns of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) plant and the chemical constituents of roots grown in Sonora, Mexico. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1997; 50:279-286. [PMID: 9477422 DOI: 10.1007/bf02436074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The developmental pattern of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) was studied by sampling plants aged 20 to 36 weeks at weekly intervals. There was an increase in all characteristics of foliage: fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, main stem length, number of leaves, nodes and internodes of the main stem; and in all root characteristics: fresh and dry weight, diameter and length. The chemical analysis was determined for roots at different plant ages. The range values for dry matter were 16.19-22.28%, protein 1.11-1.62%, fat 0.553-0.867%, crude fiber 0.3048-0.3943%, and ash 0.669-1.089%. The chemical constituents fluctuated with age but without specific trends. These values are considered the first record of roots produced by plants grown in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Fernandez
- Department of Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
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Tellez A, Sainz C, Echevarria C, de Carlos S, Fernandez MV, Leon P, Brezina R. Q fever in Spain: acute and chronic cases, 1981-1985. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10:198-202. [PMID: 3353629 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/10.1.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred forty-nine cases of Q fever were documented at the laboratories of the Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Virología e Inmunología Sanitarias (CNMVIS) during the 5-year period 1981-1985. Two hundred thirty-four cases corresponded to acute infections, mostly sporadic but including two epidemics. The clinical presentation was respiratory in 74% of the cases and febrile in 18%. Fifteen cases, all but one of which were endocarditis, were categorized as chronic. The cases studied were referred from almost every region of Spain. The clinical and epidemiologic analyses and the number of cases reported permit only an approximation of the true incidence and characteristics of Q fever in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tellez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Virología e Inmunología Sanitarias, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Vicente M, Fernandez MV, Perez Breña MP, Valle E, Najera R. Antibodies against human types A and B influenzaviruses in the sera of animals in Spain. Bull World Health Organ 1973; 48:378-80. [PMID: 4542801 PMCID: PMC2481059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sera from several animal species were subjected to serological tests for antibodies against types A and B influenzaviruses of human origin. Of the swine sera, 13% were positive by the haemagglutination-inhibition test for the human A strain and, of those, 68% were also positive by the neuraminidase-inhibition test. None of the sera tested was positive for the B strain.
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