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Alves Oliveira AC, Dionizio A, Teixeira FB, Bittencourt LO, Nonato Miranda GH, Oliveira Lopes G, Varela ELP, Nabiça M, Ribera P, Dantas K, Leite A, Buzalaf MAR, Monteiro MC, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Hippocampal Impairment Triggered by Long-Term Lead Exposure from Adolescence to Adulthood in Rats: Insights from Molecular to Functional Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186937. [PMID: 32967364 PMCID: PMC7554827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental and occupational neurotoxicant after long-term exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic Pb exposure in rats from adolescence to adulthood, evaluating molecular, morphologic and functional aspects of hippocampus. For this, male Wistar rats were exposed to 50 mg/kg of Pb acetate or distilled water for 55 days by intragastric gavage. For the evaluation of short-term and long-term memories, object recognition and step-down inhibitory avoidance tests were performed. At the end of the behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized and the hippocampus dissected and processed to the evaluation of: Pb content levels in hippocampal parenchyma; Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant status; global proteomic profile and neuronal degeneration by anti-NeuN immunohistochemistry analysis. Our results show the increase of Pb levels in the hippocampus of adult rats exposed from adolescence, increased MDA and GSH levels, modulation of proteins related to neural structure and physiology and reduced density of neurons, hence a poor cognitive performance on short and long-term memories. Then, the long-term exposure to Pb in this period of life may impair several biologic organizational levels of the hippocampal structure associated with functional damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Alves Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.L.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Francisco Bruno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
| | - Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
| | - Géssica Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
| | - Everton L. P. Varela
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (E.L.P.V.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Mariane Nabiça
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Paula Ribera
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (P.R.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Kelly Dantas
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Aline Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.L.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.L.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (E.L.P.V.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (P.R.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; (A.C.A.O.); (F.B.T.); (L.O.B.); (G.H.N.M.); (G.O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7891
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Leão LKR, Bittencourt LO, Oliveira AC, Nascimento PC, Miranda GHN, Ferreira RO, Nabiça M, Dantas K, Dionizio A, Cartágenes S, Buzalaf MAR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Long-Term Lead Exposure Since Adolescence Causes Proteomic and Morphological Alterations in the Cerebellum Associated with Motor Deficits in Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103571. [PMID: 32443589 PMCID: PMC7279001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that presents a high risk for human health. We aimed to investigate the possible alterations triggered by the exposure to Pb acetate for a long period in motor performance and the possible relationship with biochemical, proteomic and morphological alterations in the cerebellum of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 55 days, at 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate, and the control animals received distilled water. Open field (OF) and rotarod tests; biochemistry parameters (MDA and nitrite); staining/immunostaining of Purkinje cells (PC), mature neurons (MN), myelin sheath (MS) and synaptic vesicles (SYN) and proteomic profile were analyzed. Pb deposition on the cerebellum area and this study drove to exploratory and locomotion deficits and a decrease in the number of PC, MN, SYN and MS staining/immunostaining. The levels of MDA and nitrite remained unchanged. The proteomic profile showed alterations in proteins responsible for neurotransmitters release, as well as receptor function and second messengers signaling, and also proteins involved in the process of apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the long-term exposure to low Pb dose promoted locomotion and histological tracings, associated with alterations in the process of cell signaling, as well as death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ketlen Reis Leão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Railson Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
| | - Mariane Nabiça
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Kelly Dantas
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (M.N.); (K.D.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo - Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Sabrina Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo - Bauru, São Paulo 17012-901, Brazil; (A.D.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane S F Maia
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Behavior Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará - Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.); (C.S.F.M.)
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil; (L.K.R.L.); (L.O.B.); (A.C.O.); (P.C.N.); (G.H.N.M.); (R.O.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7891
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