1
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Jaik TG, Flatae AM, Soltani N, Reuschel P, Agio M, Descrovi E, Jonas U. Correction: Jaik et al. Photomotion of Hydrogels with Covalently Attached Azo Dye Moieties-Thermoresponsive and Non-Thermoresponsive Gels. Gels 2022, 8, 541. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050411. [PMID: 37233023 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben G Jaik
- Department Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Assegid M Flatae
- Department Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Navid Soltani
- Department Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Philipp Reuschel
- Department Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mario Agio
- Department Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emiliano Descrovi
- Department of Applied Science of Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Department Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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2
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Soltani N, Rabbany Esfahany E, Druzhinin SI, Schulte G, Müller J, Butz B, Schönherr H, Agio M, Markešević N. Biosensing with a scanning planar Yagi-Uda antenna. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:539-548. [PMID: 35284167 PMCID: PMC8884229 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a model bioassay in a liquid environment using a z-scanning planar Yagi-Uda antenna, focusing on the fluorescence collection enhancement of ATTO-647N dye conjugated to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. The antenna changes the excitation and the decay rates and, more importantly, the emission pattern of ATTO-647N, resulting in a narrow emission angle (41°) and improved collection efficiency. We efficiently detect immobilized fluorescently-labeled DNA molecules, originating from solutions with DNA concentrations down to 1 nM. In practice, this corresponds to an ensemble of fewer than 10 ATTO-647N labeled DNA molecules in the focal area. Even though we use only one type of biomolecule and one immobilization technique to establish the procedure, our method is versatile and applicable to any immobilized, dye-labeled biomolecule in a transparent solid, air, or liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Soltani
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, Siegen 57072, Germany
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Elham Rabbany Esfahany
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, Siegen 57072, Germany
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Gregor Schulte
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Julian Müller
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- Micro- and Nanoanalytics Group, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Benjamin Butz
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- Micro- and Nanoanalytics Group, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Mario Agio
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, Siegen 57072, Germany
- Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Siegen 57076, Germany
- National Institute of Optics (INO), National Research Council (CNR), Florence 50125, Italy
| | - Nemanja Markešević
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, Siegen 57072, Germany
- Currently with Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
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3
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Sledz F, Flatae AM, Lagomarsino S, Piccolomo S, Nicley SS, Haenen K, Rechenberg R, Becker MF, Sciortino S, Gelli N, Giuntini L, Speranza G, Agio M. Light emission from color centers in phosphorus-doped diamond. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226609008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Light emission from color centers in diamond is being extensively investigated for developing, among other quantum devices, single-photon sources operating at room temperature. By doping diamond with phosphorus, one obtains an n-type semiconductor, which can be exploited for the electrical excitation of color centers. Here, we discuss the optical properties of color centers in phosphorus-doped diamond, especially the silicon-vacancy center, presenting the single-photon emission characteristics and the temperature dependence aiming for electroluminescent single-photon emitting devices.
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4
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Fattah AH, Flatae AM, Farrag A, Agio M. Ultrafast single-photon detection at high repetition rates based on optical Kerr gates under focusing: erratum. Opt Lett 2021; 46:5205-5206. [PMID: 34653152 DOI: 10.1364/ol.443779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two typos are corrected, and the linear refractive index n is removed from the expressions of the phase shift in Opt. Lett.46, 560 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.414895. The removal of n reduces the gate efficiency, but it does not affect the general findings. Here, we present the corrected equations and the corresponding new numerical results, showing that increasing the pulse energy from 1.8 nJ to 4 nJ leads to nearly the same results of Opt. Lett.46, 560 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.414895.
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5
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Fattah AH, Flatae AM, Farrag A, Agio M. Ultrafast single-photon detection at high repetition rates based on optical Kerr gates under focusing. Opt Lett 2021; 46:560-563. [PMID: 33528409 DOI: 10.1364/ol.414895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast detection of single photons is currently restricted by the limited time resolution (a few picoseconds) of the available single-photon detectors. Optical gates offer a faster time resolution, but so far they have been applied mostly to ensembles of emitters. Here, we demonstrate through a semi-analytical model that the ultrafast time-resolved detection of single quantum emitters can be possible using an optical Kerr shutter at gigahertz rates under focused illumination. This technique provides sub-picosecond time resolution, while keeping a gate efficiency at around 85%. These findings lay the ground for future experimental investigations on the ultrafast dynamics of single quantum emitters, with implications for quantum nanophotonics and molecular physics.
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6
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Das A, Soltani N, Agio M. Focused Gaussian beam in the paraxial approximation. Opt Lett 2020; 45:6752-6754. [PMID: 33325888 DOI: 10.1364/ol.414302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A focused Gaussian beam represents a case of highly practical importance in many areas of optics and photonics. We derive analytical expressions for a focused Gaussian beam in the paraxial approximation, considering an arbitrary lens filling factor. We discuss the role of higher-order Bessel functions of the first kind in defining the electric field in the focal region.
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7
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Soltani N, Agio M. Planar antenna designs for efficient coupling between a single emitter and an optical fiber. Opt Express 2019; 27:30830-30841. [PMID: 31684326 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence detection is a well-established readout method for sensing, especially for in-vitro diagnostics (IVD). A practical way to guide the emitted signal to a detector is by means of an optical fiber. However, coupling fluorescence into a fiber is challenging and commonly lacks single-molecule sensitivity. In this work, we investigate specific fiber geometries, materials and coatings that in combination with a planar Yagi-Uda antenna reach efficient excitation and collection. The simulation of a practical setting determines more than 70% coupling efficiency for a horizontally oriented dipole, with respect to the planar antenna, emitting at 700 nm and embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Moreover, the coupling efficiency would only scale by a factor of 2/3 for emitters with random orientation, as a result of the antenna geometry. These findings are relevant for single-molecule detection with fiber optics and have implications for other applications involving the coupling of light with nano-scale sources and detectors. Scanning the surface of a sample with such fibers could also be advantageous for imaging techniques to provide a low background noise and a high resolution.
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8
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Flatae AM, Tantussi F, Messina GC, De Angelis F, Agio M. Plasmon-Assisted Suppression of Surface Trap States and Enhanced Band-Edge Emission in a Bare CdTe Quantum Dot. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2874-2878. [PMID: 31084012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots have emerged as a versatile photoluminescent and optoelectronic material. Limitations like fluorescence intermittency, nonradiative Auger recombination, and surface traps are commonly addressed by growing a wide-band-gap shell. However, the shell isolates the excitonic wave function and reduces its interaction with the external environment necessary for different applications. Furthermore, their long emission lifetime hinders their use in high-speed optoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate a high degree of control on the photophysics of a bare core CdTe quantum dot solely by plasmon coupling, showing that more than 99% of the surface defect-state emission from a trap-rich quantum dot can be quenched. Moreover, the band-edge state excitonic and biexcitonic emission rates are Purcell enhanced by 1460- and 613-fold, respectively. Our findings show how plasmon coupling on bare quantum dots could make chemical approaches developed for improving their optical properties unnecessary, with implications for nanoscale lasers, light-emitting devices, solar cells, and ultrafast single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Agio
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics and Cμ , University of Siegen , 57072 Siegen , Germany
- National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR) , 50125 Florence , Italy
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9
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Checcucci S, Lombardi P, Rizvi S, Sgrignuoli F, Gruhler N, Dieleman FBC, S Cataliotti F, Pernice WHP, Agio M, Toninelli C. Beaming light from a quantum emitter with a planar optical antenna. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e16245. [PMID: 30167241 PMCID: PMC6062168 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficient interaction of light with quantum emitters is crucial to most applications in nano and quantum photonics, such as sensing or quantum information processing. Effective excitation and photon extraction are particularly important for the weak signals emitted by a single atom or molecule. Recent works have introduced novel collection strategies, which demonstrate that large efficiencies can be achieved by either planar dielectric antennas combined with high numerical aperture objectives or optical nanostructures that beam emission into a narrow angular distribution. However, the first approach requires the use of elaborate collection optics, while the latter is based on accurate positioning of the quantum emitter near complex nanoscale architectures; hence, sophisticated fabrication and experimental capabilities are needed. Here we present a theoretical and experimental demonstration of a planar optical antenna that beams light emitted by a single molecule, which results in increased collection efficiency at small angles without stringent requirements on the emitter position. The proposed device exhibits broadband performance and is spectrally scalable, and it is simple to fabricate and therefore applies to a wide range of quantum emitters. Our design finds immediate application in spectroscopy, quantum optics and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Checcucci
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sahrish Rizvi
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sgrignuoli
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nico Gruhler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Frederik BC Dieleman
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesco S Cataliotti
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Mario Agio
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy
- Laboratory of Nano-Optics, University of Siegen, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Costanza Toninelli
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy
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10
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Jha SK, Mojarad N, Agio M, Löffler JF, Ekinci Y. Enhancement of the intrinsic fluorescence of adenine using aluminum nanoparticle arrays. Opt Express 2015; 23:24719-24729. [PMID: 26406673 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the metal-enhanced fluorescence of adenine using aluminum nanoparticle arrays in the deep UV range. It achieves the reproducible intensity enhancement of intrinsic fluorescence up to 80 on well-defined aluminum nanoparticle arrays at 257 nm excitation. In addition to a high signal enhancement, a strong modification of the fluorescence emission spectrum of adenine is observed. This study illustrates that the label-free detection of DNA bases and proteins that have low intrinsic fluorescence and absorption bands in the deep UV range can be facilitated using aluminum nanostructures.
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11
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Jha SK, Ekinci Y, Agio M, Löffler JF. Towards deep-UV surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives: ultrasensitive, real-time and reproducible detection of TNT. Analyst 2015; 140:5671-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01719f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report ultrasensitive and label-free detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) deposited by drop coating using deep-ultraviolet surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (DUV-SERRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar K. Jha
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
- Laboratory of Micro- and Nanotechnology
| | - Mario Agio
- National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR) and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS)
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
| | - Jörg F. Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
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12
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Martín-Cano D, Haakh HR, Murr K, Agio M. Large suppression of quantum fluctuations of light from a single emitter by an optical nanostructure. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:263605. [PMID: 25615333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the reduction of the electromagnetic field fluctuations in resonance fluorescence from a single emitter coupled to an optical nanostructure. We find that such hybrid systems can lead to the creation of squeezed states of light, with quantum fluctuations significantly below the shot-noise level. Moreover, the physical conditions for achieving squeezing are strongly relaxed with respect to an emitter in free space. A high degree of control over squeezed light is feasible both in the far and near fields, opening the pathway to its manipulation and applications on the nanoscale with state-of-the-art setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martín-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Harald R Haakh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karim Murr
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, Italy and Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mario Agio
- National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), 50125 Florence, Italy and Center for Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri (QSTAR), 50125 Florence, Italy and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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13
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Agio M. Nanophotonics and quantum optics. 2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) 2014. [DOI: 10.1109/icton.2014.6876376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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16
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Chen XW, Sandoghdar V, Agio M. Coherent interaction of light with a metallic structure coupled to a single quantum emitter: from superabsorption to cloaking. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:153605. [PMID: 25167268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We provide a general theoretical platform based on quantized radiation in absorptive and inhomogeneous media for investigating the coherent interaction of light with material structures in the immediate vicinity of quantum emitters. In the case of a very small metallic cluster, we demonstrate extreme regimes where a single emitter can either counteract or enhance particle absorption by 3 orders of magnitude. For larger structures, we show that an emitter can eliminate both scattering and absorption and cloak a plasmonic antenna. We provide physical interpretations of our results and discuss their applications in active metamaterials and quantum plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Agio
- National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR) and European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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17
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Agio M. Advances in Atomic Physics: An Overview, by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and David Guéry-Odelin. Contemporary Physics 2012; 53:519-520. [DOI: 10.1080/00107514.2012.737840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Single silicon vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond have recently shown the ability for high brightness, narrow bandwidth, room temperature single photon emission. This work develops a model describing the three level population dynamics of single SiV centers in diamond nanocrystals on iridium surfaces including an intensity dependent de-shelving process. Furthermore, we investigate the brightness and photostability of single centers and find maximum single photon rates of 6.2 Mcps under continuous excitation. We investigate the collection efficiency of the fluorescence and estimate quantum efficiencies of the SiV centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Neu
- Universität des Saarlandes, Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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19
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Chen XW, Agio M, Sandoghdar V. Metallodielectric hybrid antennas for ultrastrong enhancement of spontaneous emission. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:233001. [PMID: 23003950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We devise new optical antennas that reduce the excited-state radiative lifetimes of emitters to the order of 100 fs while maintaining quantum efficiencies of about 80% at a broadband operation. Here, we combine metallic nanoparticles with planar dielectric structures and exploit design strategies from plasmonic nanoantennas and concepts from cavity quantum electrodynamics to maximize the local density of states and minimize the nonradiative losses incurred by the metallic constituents. The proposed metallodielectric hybrid antennas promise an important impact on various fundamental and applied research fields, including photophysics, ultrafast plasmonics, bright single-photon sources, and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Recent progress in nanotechnology has enabled us to fabricate sub-wavelength architectures that function as antennas for improving the exchange of optical energy with nanoscale matter. We describe the main features of optical antennas for enhancing quantum emitters and review the designs that increase the spontaneous emission rate by orders of magnitude from the ultraviolet up to the near-infrared spectral range. To further explore how optical antennas may lead to unprecedented regimes of light-matter interactions, we draw a relationship between metal nanoparticles, radio-wave antennas and optical resonators. Our analysis points out how optical antennas may function as nanoscale resonators and how these may offer unique opportunities with respect to state-of-the-art microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Agio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Jha SK, Ahmed Z, Agio M, Ekinci Y, Löffler JF. Deep-UV Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering of Adenine on Aluminum Nanoparticle Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1966-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210446w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankar K. Jha
- Laboratory of Metal
Physics
and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Laboratory of Metal
Physics
and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Agio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Laboratory of Metal
Physics
and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jörg F. Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal
Physics
and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Celebrano M, Lettow R, Kukura P, Agio M, Renn A, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Efficient coupling of single photons to single plasmons. Opt Express 2010; 18:13829-13835. [PMID: 20588515 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.013829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate strong coupling of single photons emitted by individual molecules at cryogenic and ambient conditions to individual nanoparticles. We provide images obtained both in transmission and reflection, where an efficiency greater than 55% was achieved in converting incident narrow-band photons to plasmon-polaritons (plasmons) of a silver nanoparticle. Our work paves the way to spectroscopy and microscopy of nano-objects with sub-shot noise beams of light and to triggered generation of single plasmons and electrons in a well-controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Celebrano
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and optETH, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Jeyaram Y, Jha SK, Agio M, Löffler JF, Ekinci Y. Magnetic metamaterials in the blue range using aluminum nanostructures. Opt Lett 2010; 35:1656-1658. [PMID: 20479840 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the optical properties of two-dimensional arrays of aluminum nanoparticle in-tandem pairs. Plasmon resonances and effective optical constants of these structures are investigated, and strong magnetic response as well as negative permeability is observed down to 400 nm wavelength. Theoretical calculations based on the finite-difference time-domain method are performed for various particle dimensions and lattice parameters, and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental findings. The results show that metamaterials operating across the whole visible wavelength range are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Jeyaram
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen XW, Sandoghdar V, Agio M. Nanofocusing radially-polarized beams for high-throughput funneling of optical energy to the near field. Opt Express 2010; 18:10878-10887. [PMID: 20588943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically show that a weakly-focused radially polarized beam can excite surface-plasmon-polaritons in metal nanowires and nanocones with efficiencies of the order of 90% and large bandwidths. The coupling mechanism relies on the formation of a standing wave on the nanowire facet, which imposes a relationship between the operating wavelength and the nanowire radius. An immediate application of this finding is nanofocusing of optical energy for implementations of ultra-fast and high-throughput linear and nonlinear nanoscopies, optical nanolithographies, quantum nano-optics and photochemistry at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Successful exploitations of strongly confined surface plasmon-polaritons critically rely on their efficient and rapid conversion to lossless channels. We demonstrate a simple, robust, and broadband butt-coupling technique for connecting a metallic nanowire and a dielectric nanofiber. Conversion efficiencies above 95% in the visible and close to 100% in the near-infrared can be achieved with realistic parameters. Moreover, by combining butt-coupling with nanofocusing, we propose a broadband high-throughput near-field optical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and optETH, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Mojarad NM, Agio M. Tailoring the excitation of localized surface plasmon-polariton resonances by focusing radially-polarized beams. Opt Express 2009; 17:117-122. [PMID: 19129879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the interaction of focused radially-polarized light with metal nanospheres. By expanding the electromagnetic field in terms of multipoles, we gain insight on the excitation of localized surface plasmon-polariton resonances in the nanoparticle. We show that focused radially-polarized beams offer more opportunities than a focused plane wave or a Gaussian beam for tuning the near- and far-field system response. These results find applications in nano-optics, optical tweezers, and optical data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassiredin M Mojarad
- Nano-Optics Group, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Abstract
We show theoretically that a directional dipole wave can be perfectly reflected by a single pointlike oscillating dipole. Furthermore, we find that, in the case of a strongly focused plane wave, up to 85% of the incident light can be reflected by the dipole. Our results hold for the full spectrum of the electromagnetic interactions and have immediate implications for achieving strong coupling between a single propagating photon and a single quantum emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zumofen
- Nano-Optics Group, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Ekinci Y, Christ A, Agio M, Martin OJF, Solak HH, Löffler JF. Electric and magnetic resonances in arrays of coupled gold nanoparticle in-tandem pairs. Opt Express 2008; 16:13287-13295. [PMID: 18711565 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.013287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study on the optical properties of arrays of gold nanoparticle in-tandem pairs (nanosandwiches). The well-ordered Au pairs with diameters down to 35 nm and separation distances down to 10 nm were fabricated using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interference lithography. The strong near-field coupling of the nanoparticles leads to electric and magnetic resonances, which can be well reproduced by Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) calculations. The influence of the structural parameters, such as nanoparticle diameter and separation distance, on the hybridized modes is investigated. The energy and lifetimes of these modes are studied, providing valuable physical insight for the design of novel plasmonic structures and metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ekinci
- Department of Materials, Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Mohammadi A, Jalali T, Agio M. Dispersive contour-path algorithm for the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Opt Express 2008; 16:7397-7406. [PMID: 18545444 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have extended the contour-path effective-permittivity (CP-EP) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm by A. Mohammadi, et al., Opt. Express 13, 10367 (2005), to linear dispersive materials using the Z-transform formalism. We test our method against staircasing and the exact solution for plasmon spectra of metal nanoparticles. We show that the dispersive contour-path (DCP) approach yields better results than staircasing, especially for the cancellation of spurious resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammadi
- Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, 75196 Bushehr, Iran
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31
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Kuhn S, Mori G, Agio M, Sandoghdar V. Modification of single molecule fluorescence close to a nanostructure: radiation pattern, spontaneous emission and quenching. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Abstract
We apply two- and three-dimensional numerical calculations to study optical nanoantennae made of two coupled gold nanostructures, enclosing a single emitter in their gap. We show that, using structures manufacturable with today's nanotechnology, it is possible to increase the radiative decay rate by three orders of magnitude while keeping a quantum efficiency larger than 80% in the near-infrared regime. We examine the competition between the radiative and nonradiative processes in the presence of the antennae as a function of wavelength and antenna geometry. Our results hold great promise for improving the quantum efficiency of poor emitters such as silicon nanocrystals or carbon nanotubes.
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Gerhardt I, Wrigge G, Agio M, Bushev P, Zumofen G, Sandoghdar V. Scanning near-field optical coherent spectroscopy of single molecules at 1.4 K. Opt Lett 2007; 32:1420-2. [PMID: 17546141 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present scanning near-field extinction spectra of single molecules embedded in a solid matrix. By varying the tip-molecule separation, we modify the line shape of the spectra, demonstrating the coherent nature of the interaction between the incident laser light and the excited state of the molecule. We compare the measured data with the outcome of numerical calculations and find a very good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Gerhardt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kaminski F, Sandoghdar V, Agio M. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Decay Rates in the Near Field of Metal Nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1166/jctn.2007.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Gerhardt I, Wrigge G, Bushev P, Zumofen G, Agio M, Pfab R, Sandoghdar V. Strong extinction of a laser beam by a single molecule. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:033601. [PMID: 17358681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an experiment where a single molecule strongly affects the amplitude and phase of a laser field emerging from a subwavelength aperture. We achieve a visibility of -6% in direct and +10% in cross-polarized detection schemes. Our analysis shows that a close to full extinction should be possible using near-field excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gerhardt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Sandoghdar V, Klotzsch E, Jacobsen V, Renn A, Håkanson U, Agio M, Gerhardt I, Seelig J, Wrigge G. Optical Detection of Very Small Nonfluorescent Nanoparticles. Chimia (Aarau) 2006. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2006.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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37
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Mohammadi A, Agio M. Dispersive contour-path finite-difference time-domain algorithm for modeling surface plasmon polaritons at flat interfaces. Opt Express 2006; 14:11330-11338. [PMID: 19529550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.011330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the accuracy of the two-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method in modelling Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) in the case of a single metal-dielectric interface and of a thin metal film showing that FDTD has difficulties in the low-group-velocity region of the SPP. We combine a contour-path approach with Z transform to handle both the electromagnetic boundary conditions at the interface and the negative dispersive dielectric function of the metal. The relative error is thus significantly reduced.
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Balestreri A, Andreani LC, Agio M. Optical properties and diffraction effects in opal photonic crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 74:036603. [PMID: 17025760 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.036603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of fcc opals oriented along the [111] direction are calculated by means of a scattering-matrix approach based on approximating each sphere with cylindrical slices. The use of a plane-wave basis in each layer allows distinguishing zero-order reflection and transmission from higher-order (diffraction) spectra. Optical spectra at large values of the angle of incidence indicate the presence of diffraction effects and of polarization mixing along the LW orientation. Reflectance and transmittance in the high-energy region show a rich spectral dependence and compare reasonably well with recent experimental observations on polystyrene opals. Diffraction spectra as a function of the number of layers display an oscillatory behavior, pointing to the existence of a Pendellösung phenomenon, related to the exchange of energy between two propagating modes in the investigated three-dimensional photonic crystal. This phenomenon could be observed in transmittance experiments on high-quality opals with controlled thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Balestreri
- Dipartimento di Fisica Alessandro Volta, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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39
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Mohammadi A, Nadgaran H, Agio M. Contour-path effective permittivities for the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Opt Express 2005; 13:10367-10381. [PMID: 19503252 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Effective permittivities for the two-dimensional Finite- Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method are derived using a contour path approach that accounts for the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field at dielectric interfaces. A phenomenological formula for the effective permittivities is also proposed as an effective and simpler alternative to the previous result. Our schemes are validated using Mie theory for the scattering of a dielectric cylinder and they are compared to the usual staircase and the widely used volume-average approximations. Significant improvements in terms of accuracy and error fluctuations are demonstrated, especially in the calculation of resonances.
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40
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Talneau A, Agio M, Soukoulis CM, Mulot M, Anand S, Lalanne P. High-bandwidth transmission of an efficient photonic-crystal mode converter. Opt Lett 2004; 29:1745-1747. [PMID: 15352357 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated both theoretically and experimentally the spectral behavior and the transmission and reflection performance of a photonic-crystal (PhC) mode converter upon an InP substrate. This taper exhibits 70% transmission efficiency on an 80-nm bandwidth when it couples a ridge access guide to a strongly confined single-missing-row PhC guide. Such a taper design included in a PhC bend contributes a large benefit to the overall transmission budget of the PhC-based link.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talneau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France.
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41
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Kramper P, Agio M, Soukoulis CM, Birner A, Müller F, Wehrspohn RB, Gösele U, Sandoghdar V. Highly directional emission from photonic crystal waveguides of subwavelength width. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:113903. [PMID: 15089137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently it has been shown that it is possible to achieve directional emission out of a subwavelength aperture in a periodically corrugated metallic thin film. We report on theoretical and experimental studies of a related phenomenon concerning light emitted from photonic crystal waveguides that are less than a wavelength wide. We find that the termination of the photonic crystal end facets and an appropriate choice of the wavelength are instrumental in achieving very low numerical apertures. Our results hold promise for the combination of photonic crystal waveguides with conventional optical systems such as fibers, waveguides, and freely propagating light beams.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gerace
- INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica “Alessandro Volta”, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Agio
- INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica “Alessandro Volta”, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucio Claudio Andreani
- INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica “Alessandro Volta”, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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43
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Agio M. Optical Properties and Wave Propagation in Semiconductor-Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals. 2002. [DOI: 10.2172/806586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Agio
- Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
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44
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Talneau A, Lalanne P, Agio M, Soukoulis CM. Low-reflection photonic-crystal taper for efficient coupling between guide sections of arbitrary widths. Opt Lett 2002; 27:1522-1524. [PMID: 18026493 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We design and fabricate a new taper structure for adiabatic mode transformation in two-dimensional photonic-crystal waveguides patterned into a GaInAsP confining layer. The taper efficiency is validated by measurement of a reduction of the reflection between an access ridge and a photonic-crystal guide with one missing row from 6% to less than 1%. This taper is then incorporated into a 60 degrees bend; simulations demonstrate a 90% transmission between multimode ports.
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45
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Agio M, Soukoulis CM. Ministop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:055603. [PMID: 11736007 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.055603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study single-defect photonic crystal waveguides obtained from a triangular lattice of air holes in a dielectric background. It is found that, for medium-high air filling ratios, the transmission has very small values in narrow frequency regions lying inside the photonic band gap-the so-called ministop bands. Two types of ministop bands are shown to exist; one of which is due to the multimode nature of the waveguide. Their dependence on the length of the waveguide and on the air filling ratio is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agio
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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