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Gapeeva A, Vogtmann J, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Beckmann F, Gurka M, Carstensen J, Adelung R. Correction to "Electrochemical Surface Structuring for Strong SMA Wire-Polymer Interface Adhesion". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4860-4861. [PMID: 36625519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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Gapeeva A, Vogtmann J, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Beckmann F, Gurka M, Carstensen J, Adelung R. Electrochemical Surface Structuring for Strong SMA Wire-Polymer Interface Adhesion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21924-21935. [PMID: 33929833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Active hybrid composites represent a novel class of smart materials used to design morphing surfaces, opening up new applications in the aircraft and automotive industries. The bending of the active hybrid composite is induced by the contraction of electrically activated shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, which are placed with an offset to the neutral axis of the composite. Therefore, the adhesion strength between the SMA wire and the surrounding polymer matrix is crucial to the load transfer and the functionality of the composite. Thus, the interface adhesion strength is of great importance for the performance and the actuation potential of active hybrid composites. In this work, the surface of a commercially available one-way effect NiTi SMA wire with a diameter of 1 mm was structured by selective electrochemical etching that preferably starts at defect sites, leaving the most thermodynamically stable surfaces of the wire intact. The created etch pits lead to an increase in the surface area of the wire and a mechanical interlocking with the polymer, resulting in a combination of adhesive and cohesive failure modes after a pull-out test. Consequently, the force of the first failure determined by an optical stress measurement was increased by more than 3 times when compared to the as-delivered SMA wire. The actuation characterization test showed that approximately the same work capacity could be retrieved from structured SMA wires. Moreover, structured SMA wires exhibited the same shape of the stress-strain curve as the as-delivered SMA wire, and the mechanical performance was not influenced by the structuring process. The austenite start As and austenite finish Af transformation temperatures were also not found to be affected by the structuring process. The formation of etching pits with different geometries and densities was discussed with regard to the kinetics of oxide formation and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gapeeva
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Vogtmann
- Leibniz Institute for Composite Materials (IVW), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 58, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Felix Beckmann
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Gurka
- Leibniz Institute for Composite Materials (IVW), Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 58, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jürgen Carstensen
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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Almajid A, Walter R, Kroos T, Junaedi H, Gurka M, Khalil KA. The Multiple Uses of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composite Structures to Support Waste Management-Composite Processing and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081296. [PMID: 33921061 PMCID: PMC8071395 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite processing and subsequent characterization of microfibrillar composites (MFC) were the focus of this work. Compression molding of wound MFC filaments was used to fabricate MFC composites. The MFC composites were composed of polypropylene (PP) as matrix materials and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as reinforcement fibers. The PP/PET blends were mixed with PET contents ranging from 22 wt% to 45 wt%. The effect of processing parameters, pressure, temperature, and holding time on the mechanical properties of the MFCs was investigated. Tensile tests were conducted to optimize the processing parameter and weight ratio of PET. Tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase in PET content. PP/45 wt% PET MFC composites properties reached the value of PP/30 wt% GF. Falling weight tests were conducted on MFC composites. The MFC composites showed the ability to absorb the impact energy compared to neat PP and PP/30 wt% GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Almajid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rolf Walter
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Tim Kroos
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Harri Junaedi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Martin Gurka
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
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Almajid A, Walter R, Kroos T, Junaidi H, Gurka M, Abdelrazek Khalil K. Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020233. [PMID: 33445424 PMCID: PMC7827194 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) is adopted to produce composites of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) materials. The two polymers were dry mixed with PET content ranging from 22 to 45 wt%. The PET has been used as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of composites. The relationship between the morphology of the MFC structure and the mechanical behavior of the MFC filament was investigated. Analysis of the structure and mechanical behavior helped to understand the influence of the stretching ratio, extruder-melt temperature, stretching-chamber temperature, and filament speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Almajid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rolf Walter
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Tim Kroos
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Harry Junaidi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Martin Gurka
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
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Nissle S, Kaiser M, Hübler M, Gurka M, Breuer U. Adaptive vortex generators based on active hybrid composites: from idea to flight test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13272-018-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bhandari R, Oermann E, Gurka M, Suy S, Kalhorn C, McGrail K, Collins B, Jean W, Collins S. Five Fraction Image-guided Radiosurgery for Benign Meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gurka M, Adams D, Johnston L, Petricevic R. New electrorheological fluids — characteristics and implementation in industrial and mobile applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/149/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Optical second harmonic generation was used to study the in-plane alignment of self-assembled silane monolayers attached to a glass surface under mechanical loading. The measurements allow correlation of the macroscopic forces acting on the monolayer with the average orientation and the azimuthal molecular alignment of the terminal molecular entity. Compression and shear forces lead to an alignment of the initially randomly oriented molecules on a macroscopic length scale. The change in azimuthal alignment of molecules under mechanical stress was found to be irreversible on the time scale of 12 hours, whereas changes of the molecular tilt angle were reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eisert
- Lehrstuhl fur Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Gattinger P, Rengel H, Neher D, Gurka M, Buck M, van de Craats AM, Warman JM. Mechanism of Charge Transport in Anisotropic Layers of a Phthalocyanine Polymer. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983734v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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