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Eating through time: Understanding dietary practices across late prehistory in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24950. [PMID: 38738659 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to contribute to the current understanding of dietary variation in the late Prehistory of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula by examining buccal dental microwear patterns alongside archeological data from the same populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teeth from 84 adult individuals from eight distinct samples spanning the Middle-Late Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age (Cova de l'Avi, Cova de Can Sadurní, Cova de la Guineu, Cova Foradada, Cova del Trader, Roc de les Orenetes, Cova del Gegant, Cova dels Galls Carboners) were analyzed using optical microscopy to examine buccal dental microwear patterns. RESULTS The analysis did not reveal clear chronological contrasts in the dietary habits of these samples. Nevertheless, significant differences emerged among the samples, leading to their classification into two distinct sets based on the abrasiveness of the diet informed by the microwear patterns. These findings offer similarities and differences among samples in the Iberian Peninsula, shedding light on the diverse lifestyles of these individuals. DISCUSSION Integrating our new results with other available proxies points to a multifaceted specialization in dietary patterns among these samples, influenced by factors such as habitat, resource selection, and available technology. By contextualizing the results within the broader context of the Iberian Peninsula, this research discerns shared characteristics and distinctive adaptations in the dietary practices and subsistence strategies of these groups. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between culture and environment in shaping human diets throughout late Prehistory.
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Manufacturing, testing and installation of the full tungsten actively cooled ITER-like divertor in the WEST tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Characterization of the Electrophysiological Characteristics of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation for Efficient Simulations. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082841 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial biophysical simulations have the potential to enhance outcomes by enabling the simulation of pharmacological and ablative strategies. However, the high computational times associated with such simulations render them unsuitable for diagnostic purposes. To address this challenge, discrete models such as cellular automata (CA) have been developed, which consider a finite number of states, thus significantly reducing computational times. Yet, there is a pressing need to determine whether CA can replicate pathological simulations with accuracy. The analysis of simulations under different degrees of electrical remodeling shows an expected increase of Action Potential Duration (APD) with the previous Diastolic Interval (DI) interval, indicating short-term memory of atrial cardiomyocytes: shorter APD0 provoked shorter APD+1, and previous DI has a similar effect on APD+1. Independent prediction using both APD0 and DI was found to provide a far better estimation of APD+1 values, compared to relying on DI alone (p<<0.01). Finally, the CA models were able to replicate reentrant patterns and cycle lengths of different states of atrial remodeling with a high degree of accuracy when compared to biophysical simulations. Overall, the use of atrial CA with short-term memory allows accurate reproduction of arrhythmic behavior in pathological tissue within a clinically relevant timeframe.Clinical Relevance- Discrete electrophysiological models simulate pathological self-sustained arrhythmias in diagnostic times.
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Assessment of Risk for Ventricular Tachycardia based on Extensive Electrophysiology Simulations. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083190 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients that have suffered a myocardial infarction are at high risk of developing ventricular tachycardia. Patient stratification is often determined by characterization of the underlying myocardial substrate by cardiac imaging methods. In this study, we show that computer modeling of cardiac electrophysiology based on personalized fast 3D simulations can help to assess patient risk to arrhythmia. We perform a large simulation study on 21 patient digital twins and reproduce successfully the clinical outcomes. In addition, we provide the sites which are prone to sustain ventricular tachycardias, i.e, onset sites around the scar region, and validate if they colocalize with exit sites from slow conduction channels.Clinical relevance- Fast electrophysiological simulations can provide advanced patient stratification indices and predict arrhythmic susceptibility to suffer from ventricular tachycardia in patients that have suffered a myocardial infarction.
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Dystonic head tremor secondary to neurocysticercosis. Neurologia 2023; 38:226-227. [PMID: 37059575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
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Assessment of single-nucleotide variant discovery protocols in RNA-seq data from human cells exposed to mycotoxins. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:215-221. [PMID: 36016515 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Food and feed contamination by nonlegislated mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatin B (ENB) is a worldwide health concern in the present. The principal objective of this work is to assess some of the existing protocols to discover the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in transcriptomic data obtained by RNA-seq from Jurkat cells in vitro samples individually exposed to BEA and ENB at three concentration levels (1.5, 3 and 5 µM). Moreover, previous transcriptomic results will be compared with new findings obtained using a different protocol. SNVs rs201003509 in BEA exposed cells and the rs36045790 in ENB were found in the differentially expressed genes in all doses compared to controls by means of the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) Best Practices workflow. SNV-RNA-seq complementary pipeline did not show any SNV. Concerning gene expression, discrepant results were found for 1.5 µM BEA exposed cells compared with previous findings. However, 354 overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the three ENB concentrations used, with 147 matches with respect to the 245 DEGs found in the previous results. In conclusion, the two discovery SNVs protocols based on variant calling from RNA-seq used in this work displayed very different results and there were SNVs found manually not identified by any pipeline. Additionally, the new gene expression analysis reported comparable but non identical DEGs to the previous transcriptomic results obtained from these RNA-seq data.
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Study of the fatigue delamination behaviour of adhesive joints in carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites, influence of the period of exposure to saline environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19789. [PMID: 36396728 PMCID: PMC9671895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work analyses the fatigue delamination and fracture stress behaviour under mode I of adhesive joints made on an epoxy matrix composite material with unidirectional carbon fibre reinforcement and a commercial epoxy-based adhesive. DCB type tests (for mode I) were used with the aim to quantify the influence of the period of exposure to a degradation process in a salt spray chamber, to which the tested samples were subjected, on their fatigue behaviour. For this purpose and after a previous static characterisation of the material in which the critical values of the energy release rate for different exposure periods were determined, the levels of the energy release rate to be applied in the fatigue tests and the exposure periods to be considered (no exposure, exposure during one week and twelve weeks) and a ratio of fatigue stress levels of R = Gmin/Gmax = 0.1 were defined. From this experimental data, the G-N fatigue initiation curves and the G-da/dN growth curves were obtained. The experimental data obtained, in the fatigue initiation phase of the delamination process, have been treated by means of a probabilistic model based on a Weibull distribution, the application of models of these characteristics has allowed a better interpretation of the experimental results obtained. The most relevant result of the work is that, in general, the fatigue limits obtained for the adhesive joint, under mode I fracture, when subjected to a degradation process in a saline environment, do not translate into a relevant loss of its resistance capacity against this fatigue delamination phenomenon, in its initiation phase. On the other hand, the crack growth rates of the material subjected to different periods of exposure to a saline environment are similar and higher than those obtained for the material without exposure.
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Protective role of fermented whey and pumpkin extract against aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A toxicity in Jurkat T-cells. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of fermented whey and pumpkin extract rich in carotenoids was evaluated in Jurkat cells against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) cytotoxicity through a proteomic approach. The functional ingredients were added into mycotoxin contaminated bread formulation, which were digested in vitro in order to simulate human intestinal absorption. Cell cultures were exposed during 7 days to these mycotoxins dissolved in: (a) 0.1% organic solvent (DMSO), (b) an intestinal digest of bread with pumpkin individually (PID) and (c) an intestinal digest of bread with pumpkin mixed with fermented whey (PID+WF). Extracted proteins were subjected to reduction and alkylation and subsequently a tryptic digestion in order to be analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight (LC/MS-Q-TOF). Results obtained highlighted the beneficial role of functional ingredients employed through the identification of proteins involved in several biological processes and metabolic pathways, mainly antioxidant activity, nucleosome assembly and secretory senescence phenotype. Among proteins involved in antioxidant activity, peroxiredoxin 1 and 2 stand out. Comparing the different conditions investigated, a remarkable change was observed in their expression, ranging from a repression using the standard (DMSO 0.1%), to an overexpression when treated with the functional ingredients. Similarly, after PID and PID+WF treatment, histones’ expression implicated in the metabolic pathway of nucleosome assembly, such as H2A, H2B, H2C, H3 and H4, was increased. Furthermore, the expression of protein cyclin A2, which downregulation is involved in limiting carcinogenic cells growth, was lower in presence of both functional ingredients. Based on these findings, functional ingredients can act as protectors against genomic stress caused by mycotoxins, preventing the loss of vital cell functions and paralysing the growth of carcinogenic cells.
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Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from yellow mustard flour and milk whey fermented with lactic acid bacteria. Food Funct 2021; 12:11250-11261. [PMID: 34708849 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a natural food biopreservation method. Yellow mustard and milk whey are optimum substrates for LAB fermentation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from yellow mustard flour and milk whey both with and without LAB fermentation. All extracts were subjected to a simulated digestion process. Total polyphenols, DL-3-phenyllactic acid (PLA), lactic acid, and the antioxidant activity were determined in the studied matrices before and after simulated digestion. Yellow mustard flour was significantly richer in total polyphenols, whereas significantly higher concentrations of PLA and lactic acid were observed in milk whey. Similar antioxidant activity was determined in both ingredients being in all cases strongly reduced after in vitro digestion. Higher bioaccessibility was found for polyphenols and PLA in milk whey. Transepithelial transport of total polyphenols was higher in yellow mustard flour compared to milk whey, reaching bioavailability values between 3-7% and 1-2%, respectively. PLA transepithelial transport was only significant in both fermented matrices with bioavailability around 4-6%. Transepithelial transport of lactic acid reached values of 31-34% (bioavailability ∼ 22%) and 15-78% (bioavailability ∼ 3%) in milk whey and yellow mustard flour, respectively. LAB fermentation showed beneficial effects on enriching extracts with PLA, lactic acid, and antioxidant activity, as well as increasing bioaccessibility of these acids in yellow mustard flour and total polyphenol bioavailability in milk whey. Results pointed to yellow mustard flour and milk whey as natural preservative ingredients used in the food industry, especially when fermented with LAB.
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P–532 Embryo quality needs to be considered as a main criterion when selecting mosaic embryos for transfer. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Should we consider embryo quality as one of the most important criteria to follow when transferring a mosaic embryo?
Summary answer
Embryo quality is an implantation biomarker both for euploid and mosaic embryos, and also a determinant for selecting the most eligible mosaic for transfer.
What is known already
Several studies show the benefit of transferring mosaic embryos when there are no euploid embryos to transfer, and they still result in ongoing pregnancies and what is more important is that they result in healthy babies.
Studies and guidelines suggest prioritizing mosaic embryos based on maternal age, chromosomes impacted, percentage of aneuploidy, number of chromosomes involved, type of mosaic (simple vs complex, segmental vs complete, monosomy vs trisomy) but embryo quality is never part of these criteria.
Studies claim that mosaic implantation rate is lower than euploid embryos, but they never show if both populations are comparable in terms of quality.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective observational study performed in a private centre between February 2018 and January 2020. The study includes the data analysis of 96 euploid blastocysts and 14 low risk mosaic blastocysts (defining low risk regarding chromosome syndromes and less than 50% level mosaicism). All transferred in single embryo transfer (SET) to 105 patients after PGT-A (mean maternal age 38,9 years).
The SET factor enables us to track the implantation outcome of all embryos.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
PGT-A with NGS technology was offered to patients of advanced maternal age and/or with repeated IVF failures. Trophectoderm biopsies were performed on day 5 and/or day 6 embryos, with laser assistance. Blastocyst morphology was scored in 3 groups: A: excellent (AA, AB, BA), B: good (BB), C: average and poor-quality embryos (BC, CB, CC). (Gardner-Schoolcraft classification)
Low risk mosaic embryo transfer was offered to patients with no euploid embryos to transfer.
Main results and the role of chance
We found no significant differences between both populations (euploid and mosaic embryos) in terms of embryo quality (Chi^2 p-value =0,0975) so we were able to compare the overall implantation of similar quality populations.
Despite euploid implantation being higher as described in most studies, no statistical differences (Chi^2 p-value = 0,4344) were found in terms of implantation rates between mosaic (57,0%) and euploid (67,6%) blastocysts during the same period. There are no differences between the mean age of both groups (39,7 vs 38,8 years, respectively).
The implantation rates for euploid blastocysts were 79,5% (n = 39), 62,7% (n = 51) and 33,3% (n = 6) in the A, B and C blastocyst quality groups, respectively, showing significative differences among the three groups.
The implantation rates of low-risk mosaic blastocysts were 100% (n = 3), 62,5% (n = 8) and 0,0% (n = 3) in the A, B and C blastocyst morphology groups, respectively, showing also still significant differences among the three groups despite the small population. (Chi^2 p-values according to implantation: Euploid =0,0434; Mosaic=0,0419)
We have also compared the three quality categories between both populations showing no significative differences (Chi^2 p-values according to quality: A = 0,4344; B = 0,9894; C = 0,2568), concluding that same quality embryos behave the same way despite being euploid or mosaic.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The study is limited by its retrospective nature and the low number of mosaic embryos transferred as they are the last option for transfer. Additionally, it is common to transfer more than one mosaic embryo to increase the chances of pregnancy, therefore losing implantation track.
Wider implications of the findings: Embryo quality has always been a strong biomarker predictable for implantation and this is also true for mosaic embryos as well. It is a simple concept, but we cannot compare implantation potential of euploid embryos with mosaic embryos without describing both populations in terms of quality.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Proteomics evaluation of enniatins acute toxicity in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112130. [PMID: 33741480 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENs) are emerging mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi which are cytotoxic also at low concentrations due to its ionophoric properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic toxicity of ENs exposure at different concentrations in Wistar rats through a proteomic approach. Animals were intoxicated by oral gavage with medium (EN A 256, ENA1 353, ENB 540, ENB1 296 μg/mL) and high concentrations (ENA 513, ENA1 706, ENB 1021, ENB1 593 μg/mL) of an ENs mixture and sacrificed after 8 h. Protein extraction was performed using powdered liver. Peptides were analyzed using a liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proteins were filtered by abundance using Mass Professional Profiler software (Agilent Technologies) and 57 were differentially expressed when compared to the control. In terms of abundance, the liver biomarker Carboamoyl-phosphate synthase showed the highest levels in all conditions employed while actin-1 had the lowest. Bioinformatic analysis using DAVID platform reported acetylation, nucleotide phosphate-binding region:NAD and catalytic activity as the most represented terms. Furthermore, metabolism was the most significant and enriched pathway in Reactome overrepresentation. In conclusion, ENs acute exposure caused protein expression changes related to major cellular processes in rats, hinting its involvement in liver disturbance.
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Review of indications for immunoglobulin (IG) use: Narrowing the gap between supply and demand. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:96-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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A case of late-onset osmotic demyelination syndrome. Neurologia 2020; 36:S0213-4853(20)30311-X. [PMID: 33176921 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Is primary graft failure still a challenge in time of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Primary graft failure (PGF) is the leading cause of early mortality after heart transplantation (HT). Its increasing incidence during the last decade may be triggered by the disbalance between receptors and donors that forces the acceptance of suboptimal organs.
Purpose
The aim of our work was to analyse the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with VA-ECMO in refractory to inotropes PGF and determinate its impact in terms of graft function recovery and survival.
Methods
A retrospective study, analyzing our database of circulatory assist devices between 2009 and 2019. During this period, 252 devices have been implanted (154 ECMOs and 98 ventricular assist devices) and 201 patients have received a HT. We describe the characteristics and evolution of all PGF cases managed with VA-ECMO.
Results
Thirty nine patients (19.4%) developed PGF, defined as significant left, right or biventricular systolic dysfunction in the first 24 hours after HT, associated with hemodynamic instability and requiring high dose of inotropes, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or VA-ECMO. Twenty two cases (56.4%) underwent a VA-ECMO implantation by peripheral cannulation as a bridge to recovery.
The median age was 50.8 (44.3–57.3) years and 77% were male. Biventricular dysfunction was observed in 50% and isolated right ventricular dysfunction in the remaining 50%. At the time of implantation, 59% had IABP and the median of inotropic score was 24 (8–40). Two complications occurred during implantation (one because of a complex vascular access and one due to a malposition of the venous cannula). Anticoagulation was started after a median of 19 hours (10–28; 59% sodic heparin and 36% bivalirudin).
The median support duration was 6.2 days (3–9.2). Graft function was recovered in 90%, making it possible to withdraw the device successfully in 82% of patients. The remaining 18% deceased during the support (2 because of multiorgan failure and 2 due to absence of function recovery).The median hospital length of stay was 63 days (33–93) and hospital and 1-year survival was 68.1%.
Conclusion
The support with VA-ECMO allowed graft function recovery in 90% of severe PGF cases, with a similar survival rate to other centres with MCS. In a scenario with a mortality rate superior to 50%, the MCS programs have managed to increase survival, avoid retransplantation in times of donor shortage and handle the use of suboptimal donors with better chances of success.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Publisher Correction: The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5185. [PMID: 33037232 PMCID: PMC7547707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Transfusion medicine: Overtime paradigm changes and emerging paradoxes. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:262-267. [PMID: 33035654 PMCID: PMC7537623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This essay aims to discuss some aspects of blood transfusion in the perspective of the changes that occurred over time as well as modifications of the paradigms that transformed the activities and the organization of blood transfusion services. Without specific knowledge, pioneers envisioned precision and personalized medicine, rendering transfusion medicine operational. Transfusion medicine is like The Picture of Dorian Grey: always young despite being old and sometimes appearing old-fashioned. Over the years, the transfusion medicine discipline has evolved, and major progress has been achieved, despite some troublesome periods (for example, the tainted blood scandal, and—at the time being—the offending plasma market and the selling of human parts). Transfusion medicine has at all times implemented the rapidly developing biomedical technologies to secure blood components. The safety of blood components has now reached an exceptional level in economically wealthy countries, especially compared to other health care disciplines. Strengthening of the safety has mandated that blood donors and recipients are unrelated, an issue which has eased preservation and fractionation practices; blood is no longer arm-to-arm transfused and neither is whole blood, the commonest component. However, it is interesting to note that a revival is occurring as whole blood is back on stage for certain specific indications, which is one among the many paradoxes encountered while studying this discipline.
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Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA 5a in a HPA-5a homozygous neonate. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102880. [PMID: 32763115 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The most frequently involved antigen in severe fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the human platelet antigen 1a. Cases of FNAIT caused by HPA-5a antigen are extremely rare, and usually not severe. We report a case of FNAIT caused by anti-HPA antibodies directed to the HPA-5a antigen. The thrombocytopenia was moderate with a minimal platelet count of 36 × 109/L by day 3, and spontaneously resolved by day 10. The pregnancy had been obtained by in vitro fertilization using embryo donation, creating a complete genetic disparity between the HPA 5b5b mother and the HPA 5a5a homozygous neonate. The use of ART with gamete donation can increase the risk and the severity of alloimmune thrombocytopenia and must be considered in new and subsequent pregnancies.
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Efficient production of male Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes enables large-scale suppression of wild populations. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:482-492. [PMID: 32265562 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The range of the mosquito Aedes aegypti continues to expand, putting more than two billion people at risk of arboviral infection. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used to successfully combat agricultural pests at large scale, but not mosquitoes, mainly because of challenges with consistent production and distribution of high-quality male mosquitoes. We describe automated processes to rear and release millions of competitive, sterile male Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, and use of these males in a large-scale suppression trial in Fresno County, California. In 2018, we released 14.4 million males across three replicate neighborhoods encompassing 293 hectares. At peak mosquito season, the number of female mosquitoes was 95.5% lower (95% CI, 93.6-96.9) in release areas compared to non-release areas, with the most geographically isolated neighborhood reaching a 99% reduction. This work demonstrates the high efficacy of mosquito SIT in an area ninefold larger than in previous similar trials, supporting the potential of this approach in public health and nuisance-mosquito eradication programs.
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International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2012-2017: Device-associated module. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:423-432. [PMID: 31676155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2012 to December 2017 in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. METHODS During the 6-year study period, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI) were applied. RESULTS Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled central line-associated bloodstream infection rate was higher (5.05 vs 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days); the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was also higher (14.1 vs 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days,), as well as the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.1 vs 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance, such as of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin-tazobactam (33.0% vs 18.3%), were also higher. CONCLUSIONS Despite a significant trend toward the reduction in INICC ICUs, DA-HAI rates are still much higher compared with CDC-NHSN's ICUs representing the developed world. It is INICC's main goal to provide basic and cost-effective resources, through the INICC Surveillance Online System to tackle the burden of DA-HAIs effectively.
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A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182288. [PMID: 30963949 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Being at the western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, to our knowledge never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar.
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Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ^{222}Ra and ^{228}Ra Beams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:042503. [PMID: 32058764 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is sparse direct experimental evidence that atomic nuclei can exhibit stable "pear" shapes arising from strong octupole correlations. In order to investigate the nature of octupole collectivity in radium isotopes, electric octupole (E3) matrix elements have been determined for transitions in ^{222,228}Ra nuclei using the method of sub-barrier, multistep Coulomb excitation. Beams of the radioactive radium isotopes were provided by the HIE-ISOLDE facility at CERN. The observed pattern of E3 matrix elements for different nuclear transitions is explained by describing ^{222}Ra as pear shaped with stable octupole deformation, while ^{228}Ra behaves like an octupole vibrator.
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The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2473. [PMID: 31171788 PMCID: PMC6554308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence that atomic nuclei can undergo octupole distortion and assume the shape of a pear. This phenomenon is important for measurements of electric-dipole moments of atoms, which would indicate CP violation and hence probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Isotopes of both radon and radium have been identified as candidates for such measurements. Here, we observed the low-lying quantum states in 224Rn and 226Rn by accelerating beams of these radioactive nuclei. We show that radon isotopes undergo octupole vibrations but do not possess static pear-shapes in their ground states. We conclude that radon atoms provide less favourable conditions for the enhancement of a measurable atomic electric-dipole moment.
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on the use of prehospital blood products and pharmaceuticals in the treatment of patients with traumatic hemorrhage. Vox Sang 2018; 113:816-830. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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AVEVAC: A phase I-II trial with avelumab plus autologous dendritic cell (ADC) vaccine in pre-treated mismatch repair-proficient (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (GEMCAD 16-02). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pathogen inactivation/reduction technologies for platelet transfusion: Where do we stand? Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on the use of prehospital blood products and pharmaceuticals in the treatment of patients with traumatic haemorrhage. Vox Sang 2018; 113:701-706. [PMID: 30144091 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While specific practices and transported blood products vary around the world, most of the respondents in this International Forum transported at least one blood product for the transfusion to bleeding patients en route to the hospital. The most commonly carried product was RBCs, while the use of whole blood will likely increase given the recent reports of its successful use in the civilian setting, and because of the change in the AABB's Standards regulating its use. It will be interesting to see if plasma use in the prehospital setting becomes more widely used given today's enhanced appreciated of the coagulopathy of trauma and plasma's beneficial effect in reversing it, and if blood products are transported to the scene of injury by more vehicles, that is, not just predominantly in helicopters. It was not surprising that TXA is being widely administered as close to the time of injury as possible given its potential benefit in these patients. This International Forum highlights the importance of focusing attention on prehospital transfusion management with a need to further high‐quality research in this area to guide optimal resuscitation strategies.
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Impaired Prothrombin Consumption in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome Is Corrected In Vitro by Human Factor VIII. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is characterized by thrombocytopenia with giant platelets, a prolonged bleeding time with defective platelet adhesion to the subendothelium related to a defect in platelet membrane glycoprotein lb (GPIb) and a decreased prothrombin consumption. The mechanism of the latter abnormality remains unknown. In this study, we showed that this defect was corrected by the addition of purified human factor VIII (FVIII) to blood from four patients with BSS. The correction of prothrombin consumption was almost complete at concentrations between 1.5 and 3 IU/ml of FVIII procoagulant activity (VIII.'C) and partially abolished by a monoclonal antibody which neutralizes VIII:C. This correction was specific for FVIII and was not observed after addition of purified human FIX. It was obtained, in the same magnitude range, with FVIII complexed to von Willebrand factor (vWF) but not with free vWF. These data provide a new insight into the knowledge of the physiological interaction between the platelet membrane and the vWF-FVIII complex facilitating plasma coagulation activation and may lead to helpful therapeutic advances.
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International Forum on typing and matching strategies in patients on anti-CD38 monoclonal therapy. Vox Sang 2018; 113. [PMID: 29947125 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on typing and matching strategies in patients on anti-CD38 monoclonal therapy: summary. Vox Sang 2018; 113:492-498. [PMID: 29781081 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on application of fetal blood grouping: summary. Vox Sang 2017; 113:198-201. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) LAG-3 is expressed on activated TILs and predicts resistance to PD-1 axis blockers. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx710.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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P2.02-061 Two Novel Protein-Based Prognostic Signatures Improve Risk Stratification of Early Lung ADC and SCC Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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International Forum on GMP-grade human platelet lysate for cell propagation: summary. Vox Sang 2017; 113:80-87. [PMID: 29076169 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on provision of granulocytes for transfusion and their clinical use. Vox Sang 2017; 112:e48-e68. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on provision of granulocytes for transfusion and their clinical use: summary. Vox Sang 2017; 112:680-683. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Therapy with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir is effective and safe for the treatment of genotypes 1 and 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with severe renal impairment: A multicentre experience. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:464-471. [PMID: 27976490 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on direct-acting antivirals for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with severe renal impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OBV/PTV/r) ± dasabuvir (DSV) ± ribavirin (RBV) in patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection in real clinical practice, and to investigate pharmacological interactions. This retrospective study included patients treated with OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV or OBV/PTV/r+RBV with CKD stage 4 (eGFR: 15-29 mL/min/1.73m2 ) or 5 (eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73m2 or requiring dialysis) and HCV infection by genotypes 1 and 4 between April 2015 and October 2015 in nine Spanish centres. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) was assessed, and clinical and laboratory data, fibrosis stage, adverse events and pharmacological interactions were reported. Forty-six patients were included: 10 (21.7%) had CKD stage 4 and 36 (78.2%) CKD stage 5. Seventeen (36.9%) had cirrhosis. SVR12 rate in the intention-to-treat population was 95.7%. Twenty-one (45.6%) received RBV, which was discontinued in two (9.5%) patients. Anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g/dl) occurred in 12 patients (57.1%) with RBV vs 10 (40.0%) without RBV (P=.246). Renal function remained stable during antiviral therapy. Nine patients (19.5%) experienced serious adverse events unrelated to antiviral therapy. Concomitant medication was discontinued or modified in 41.3% of patients. In conclusion, the effectiveness of OBV/PTV/r±DSV±RBV in patients with CKD 4-5 was similar to that observed in those with normal renal function and was not associated with severe adverse events.
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Dietary Assesment of Free-Living Elderly Spanish People with Disabilities. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:277-296. [PMID: 28548585 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1323742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional research in elderly disabled is difficult in noninstitutionalized people. The dietary intake of a noninstitutionalized disabled population of the eastern region of Spain was evaluated to detect possible nutritional deviations. A total of 329 participants aged 65 and over were recruited. Most participants were overweight. Carbohydrates did not reach 50% of total Kcal/day. Insufficient micronutrient intakes and high consumption of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats (SFA) were found. A decreasing trend of water intake (p < .05) as well as an increasing trend of alcohol consumption (p < .05) with increasing age was found. The area of residence had a relevant impact on nutritional, dietary, and anthropometric characteristics of our population.
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Development of RBC transfusion indications and the collection of patient-specific pre-transfusion information. Vox Sang 2017; 112:e22-e47. [PMID: 28524359 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Development of RBC transfusion indications and the collection of patient-specific pre-transfusion information: summary. Vox Sang 2017; 112:487-494. [PMID: 28524235 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on donor notification and counselling strategies for markers of transfusion-transmissible infections. Vox Sang 2017; 112:e1-e21. [PMID: 28318012 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vox Sanguinis International Forum on donor notification and counselling strategies for markers of transfusion-transmissible infections: summary. Vox Sang 2017; 112:388-396. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Focal leptomeningeal uptake, a new radiological finding in pseudomigraine with pleocytosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1495-1504. [PMID: 27742143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. METHODS During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. RESULTS Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. CONCLUSIONS Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically.
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International Forum regarding practices related to donor haemoglobin and iron. Vox Sang 2016; 111:449-455. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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