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Noradrenergic neuromodulation in ageing and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105311. [PMID: 37437752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem structure located in the lower pons and is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. Via its phasic and tonic firing, it modulates cognition and autonomic functions and is involved in the brain's immune response. The extent of degeneration to the LC in healthy ageing remains unclear, however, noradrenergic dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite their differences in progression at later disease stages, the early involvement of the LC may lead to comparable behavioural symptoms such as preclinical sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as a result of AD and PD pathology. In this review, we draw attention to the mechanisms that underlie LC degeneration in ageing, AD and PD. We aim to motivate future research to investigate how early degeneration of the noradrenergic system may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD and PD which may also be relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Psychosocial health and quality of life in ICSI and naturally conceived adolescents: a cross-sectional comparison. Qual Life Res 2023:10.1007/s11136-023-03382-5. [PMID: 36928650 PMCID: PMC10328861 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial health (PH) and quality of life (QoL) are important health outcomes. We compared PH and QoL of adolescents conceived with intrazytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) and of naturally conceived controls. The impact of disclosure of ICSI-conception on QoL and PH was quantified. METHODS The cross-sectional sample consisted of 545 ICSI-conceived adolescents and 427 unmatched singleton controls aged 14-18 years. Adolescents reported PH with the 'Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire' (low values indicating high PH), and QoL with the KINDL questionnaire (high values indicating high QoL). Because of clustering of multiples within families, adjusted linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were used to compare ICSI- and naturally conceived adolescents. Missing values were treated by multiple imputation. Minimal importance was defined as half a standard deviation. RESULTS Both ICSI and control adolescents had high PH (low mean 'total difficulties' score: 9 of 40) and high QoL (mean 'total KINDL' score: 75 of 100). Differences were generally in favour of the ICSI group. Significant differences occurred for 'impact of behavioural problems' (p = 0.033), the 'total KINDL' score (p = 0.021) and the dimensions 'physical wellbeing' (p = 0.031) and 'school' (p = 0.005), but all differences were far below minimal importance. About 80% of ICSI adolescents were informed about their mode of conception. PH and QoL were slightly higher in informed adolescents; behavioural difficulties ('total behavioural problems' and 'conduct problems') were significantly lower (p = 0.013 and p = 0.003), behavioural strengths ('prosocial behaviour') and 'physical QoL' significantly higher (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018), but differences remained clearly below minimal importance. CONCLUSIONS Our results are reassuring for parents using ICSI and their children. Speaking openly about an ICSI conception in the family may be beneficial.
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Sampling strategy, characteristics and representativeness of the InGef research database. Public Health 2022; 206:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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1-GHz dual-comb spectrometer with high mutual coherence for fast and broadband measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1379-1382. [PMID: 35290318 DOI: 10.1364/ol.448575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dual-frequency comb spectroscopy permits broadband precision spectroscopy with high acquisition rate. The combs' repetition rates as well as the mutual coherence between the combs are key to fast and broadband measurements. Here, we demonstrate a 1-GHz high-repetition-rate dual-comb system with high mutual coherence (sub-Hz heterodyne beatnotes) based on mature, digitally controlled, low-noise erbium-doped mode-locked lasers. Two spectroscopy experiments are performed with acquisition parameters not attainable in a 100-MHz system: detection of water vapor absorption around 1375 nm, illustrating the potential for fast and ambiguity-free broadband operation, as well as acquisition of narrow gas absorption features across a spectral span of 0.6 THz (600 comb lines) in only 5 μs.
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With the exception of the Hill-Sachs interval, CT and MRI show no significant differences in the diagnostic value of the HSL measurement regardless of the measurement technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:3981-3988. [PMID: 34398261 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to compare the diagnostic precision and reliability of different methods in measuring Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) using MRI and CT. METHODS A total of 80 consecutive patients with a history of anterior shoulder instability were retrospectively included. The preoperative CT and MRI scans of the affected shoulders were analysed. To investigate the ability of the Franceschi grading, Calandra classification, Richards, Hall, and Rowe grading scale, Flatow percentage and "glenoid track" assessment according to Di Giacomo et al. to quantify the extent of humeral bone loss, the results of each measurement method obtained with MRI were compared with those achieved with CT. In addition, the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of each measurement method using CT and MRI were calculated and compared. RESULTS A significant difference was found between CT and MRI in the determination of the Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) (p = 0.016), but not between the results of any of the other measurement techniques. With the exceptions of the Franceschi grade and Calandra classification, all measurement methods showed good or excellent intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for both MRI and CT. CONCLUSIONS While the determination of the HSI with MRI was more accurate, all other analysed techniques for measuring the amount of humeral bone loss showed similar diagnostic precision. With regard to the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities, all measurement techniques analysed, with the exception of the Franceschi and Calandra classifications, provided good to very good reliabilities with both CT and MRI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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First-principles calculation of 11B solid-state NMR parameters of boron-rich compounds II: the orthorhombic phases MgB 7 and MgB 12C 2 and the boron modification γ-B 28. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3883-3897. [PMID: 33539490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the work on referencing 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for molecular icosahedral boranes and the subsequent transfer to the rhombohedral boron-rich borides of the α-rB12 type, we show that the magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of boron-rich borides with four or five symmetry-independent boron atoms can also be calculated. The calculations are performed on the level of density functional theory (DFT) using the gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) approach. As model compounds o-MgB12C2 and MgB7 are used, for which the experimental spectra could be calculated in excellent agreement with a deviation of 1 to 2 ppm. Based on the calculations, the different B atoms can be assigned to the respective signals, taking into account the quadrupolar coupling constants Cq from computation of the electric field gradient (EFG) with its main axis Vzz. It is shown that due to the specific geometric conditions of icosahedra, the magnitudes of Vzz for the boron atoms involved in exohedral B-B bonds to neighbouring icosahedra depend only on the valence electron density of the bond critical point and the distance. This also applies to the bonds to the interstitial B2 unit in MgB7, but not to bonds to the heteroatom of the C2 dumbbell in o-MgB12C2. Both results are in line with our previous observations for the rhombohedral species (α-rB12; B12X2 with X = P, As, O). Finally, the spectrum of γ-B28 was calculated, whose structure also contains B12 icosahedra and interstitial B2 dumbbells. Here, a very similar bonding situation is found for the icosahedron, but the calculations show that the situation for the B2 unit is clearly different. In general, the only parameter that needs to be varied to fit calculated and measured spectra is the linewidth, as this cannot be calculated. For the cases of o-MgB12C2 and MgB7 signal areas are related to corresponding site multiplicities. A prerequisite for the successful application of the chosen method seems to be the presence of a semiconductor with a sufficiently large band gap, which is the case for the compounds investigated.
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First-principles calculation of 11B solid-state NMR parameters of boron-rich compounds I: the rhombohedral boron modifications and B 12X 2 (X = P, As, O). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:470-486. [PMID: 33320120 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra under magic angle spinning conditions of the rhombohedral structures α-B and B12P2 are reported together with the corresponding parameter sets from first principles calculations on α-B B12X2 (X = P, As, O). With the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and the gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) approach as the theoretical tools at hand the computed 11B parameters lead to unambiguous explanation of the measurements. Thereby, we overcome common obstacles of processing recorded NMR spectra of solid-state compounds with several crystallographic positions, in particular non-trivial signal assignments and parameter determination due to peak overlap or even unexpected intensity/area ratios. In fact, we find very good agreement between the theoretical results and measured spectra without applying fitting procedures. Using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, the results of the common construction types for pseudopotentials and referencing methods for the chemical shift determination are compared. Suggestions and conclusions from experimental 11B NMR studies on parameters according to the icosahedral positions are critically discussed, for instance the early suspected correlation to chemical shifts is not confirmed. Regarding the electric field gradient (EFG) a detailed explanation for obtaining small deviations amongst all investigated structures of the icosahedral polar sites compared to the equatorial sites is given. Our results show an important link between the exohedral bonding situation of compounds with icosahedral structure elements and the main axis of the EFG and therefore, also measurable quadrupole coupling constants if certain geometrical conditions are fulfilled. Finally, this work also contributes to establishing the number of unique sites measured by solid-state NMR methods within the modification of β-B.
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Pubertätsentwicklung und reproduktiv-endokrines Profil der nach einer Therapie mit intrazytoplasmatischer Spermieninjektion geborenen Jugendlichen. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-020-00336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Front Cover. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pubertal development and reproductive hormone levels of singleton ICSI offspring in adolescence: results of a prospective controlled study. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:968-976. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
Are there any differences in the pubertal development and reproductive hormone status during adolescence between singletons following ICSI therapy or spontaneous conception (SC)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Pubertal development and reproductive hormone levels are largely similar between ICSI and SC adolescents, except for a tendency towards lower inhibin B levels as well as significantly higher estradiol levels and a lower testosterone-to-estradiol-ratio in male adolescents.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Previous data are scarce and partly inconclusive regarding pubertal development in female ICSI adolescents as well as demonstrating a tendency towards lower inhibin B serum levels in male ICSI offspring.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Prospective controlled study including 274 singleton ICSI-conceived adolescents (141 girls, 133 boys) followed up for the third time, and 273 SC controls (142 girls, 131 boys) from seven German registration offices (Aachen, Eichstätt, Erfurt, Lübeck, Hamburg, Heidelberg and Schwerin).
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Pubertal development assessed by Tanner staging (breast, genital and pubic hair development), age at menarche and reproductive hormone levels were analyzed in ICSI and SC adolescents at the mean age of 16.5 years. Differences were analyzed by multinomial regression (Tanner stages) or t test and linear regression for hormonal assessments.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Both female and male ICSI and SC adolescents showed adequate pubertal maturation according to their age, and the mean age at menarche (at 12.7 versus 12.8 years) was similar. Tanner stages as well did not display any relevant or significant differences between the groups. Reproductive hormone levels in female adolescents not using hormonal contraception were largely similar before and after adjustment for several factors such as preterm birth, Tanner stages, BMI or physical activity. In male ICSI adolescents, a tendency towards lower inhibin B (−14.8 pg/ml, 95% CI: −34.2 to 4.6 pg/ml), significantly higher estradiol (2.6 ng/l, 95% CI: 0.0 to 5.2 ng/l) and a significantly lower testosterone-to estradiol ratio (−0.047, 95% CI: −0.089 to −0.004) was found.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The all-over response rate and the willingness to participate in the blood test and medical examination were very low in the control group. Participating control families may have greater health awareness, and selection bias cannot be ruled out. Hormonal data in the females were measured irrespective of the cycle day and restricted to those not using hormonal contraception. Some parameters from the questionnaire data such as usage of hormonal contraception might suffer from reporting bias. As this is an observational study, we can draw only limited causal conclusions from the findings.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Differences in male reproductive hormones may indicate altered testicular function. However, at this time possible consequences for later reproductive success are unknown.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
DFG research grant KA 1643/4-1. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Using incomplete floristic monitoring data from habitat mapping programmes to detect species trends. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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GIAO versus GIPAW: Comparison of Methods To Calculate 11B NMR Shifts of Icosahedral Closo-Heteroboranes toward Boron-Rich Borides. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2173-2185. [PMID: 31999459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we perform first-principle density functional theory calculations with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange correlation functional to compare the results of the gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) method with the gauge-including projector-augmented wave (GIPAW) approach for isotropic 11B nuclear magnetic resonance shifts. GIPAW had been used successfully for the theoretical calculation of nuclear magnetic parameters of 11B species in strong ionic solid-phase compounds such as borates but had been applied very rarely to structures where boron is mainly involved in complex covalent bonding situations, for example, in icosahedra of boron-rich borides. Thus, we investigate the accuracy of both well-known methods and reliability of the effective treatment of core electrons on a test set containing 16 experimentally known closo-(hetero)dodecaboranes. In general, we find very good agreement between GIAO and GIPAW when compared to experimental observations. However, accidental degeneracies of the shift values are better predicted by GIPAW. The optimized molecular geometries on the PBE level agree well with gaseous electron diffraction data and lead to theoretical isotropic chemical 11B shifts with root-mean-square errors of 2.1 and 1.0 ppm depending on the used model of converting absolute shieldings to chemical shifts. The comparison with results from hybrid functionals (B3LYP, B3LYP-D2, and PBE0) shows a minor improvement in accuracy, which is in agreement with 13C shifts of sp3-hybridized species. In order to prove the reliability of the conversion parameters obtained by PBE, we report the calculated 11B shifts of 1,2-, 1,7-, and 1,12-PCB10H11 with GIAO and GIPAW to our knowledge for the first time. Additionally, Bader's analysis is carried out on the converged electron density for all boron species within the molecular test set, yielding no simple direct relation between charge and isotropic shifts.
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Thrombophilie und Alter – wann ist eine Hormontherapie in der Postmenopause trotzdem möglich? GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-019-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Danish emergency departments - evaluation of national screening guidelines. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:27-32. [PMID: 31494129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-resistant bacteria (MRB) are an emerging problem. Early identification of patients colonized with MRB is mandatory to avoid in-hospital transmission and to target antibiotic treatment. Since most patients pass through specialized emergency departments (EDs), these departments are crucial in early identification. The Danish National Board of Health (DNBH) has developed exposure-based targeted screening tools to identify and isolate carriers of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). AIM To assess the national screening tools for detection of MRSA and CPE carriage in a cohort of acute patients. The objectives were to investigate: (i) if the colonized patients were detected; and (ii) if the colonized patients were isolated. METHODS This was a multi-centre cross-sectional survey of adults visiting EDs. The patients answered the DNBH questions, and swabs were taken from the nose, throat and rectum. The collected samples were examined for MRSA and CPE. Screening performances were calculated. FINDINGS Of the 5117 included patients, 16 were colonized with MRSA and four were colonized with CPE. The MRSA screening tool had sensitivity of 50% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25-75%] for carrier detection and 25% (95% CI 7-52%) for carrier isolation. The CPE screening tool had sensitivity of 25% (95% CI 1-81%) and none of the CPE carriers were isolated. CONCLUSION The national screening tools were of limited use as the majority of MRSA and CPE carriers passed unidentified through the EDs, and many patients were isolated unnecessarily.
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Association between metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer survival in a SEER-Medicare linked database. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The association of hematologic toxicities and outcomes in the treatment of cervical cancer with definitive chemoradiation. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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[Analysis of the German state medical examination regarding psychiatrically relevant topics]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 88:1058-1064. [PMID: 27389597 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The second part of the state medical examination is an essential part of medical education in Germany. From 2006 until 2013, the second and third parts of the licensing examination were combined, thus earning this examination the reputation of being notoriously difficult to pass. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine psychiatric and psychotherapeutic questions in the written part of the second examination. OBJECTIVES This study analyzed the proportion of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic questions in the written part of the second leg of the German state medical examination. In a second step, a more detailed analysis aimed to identify more specific subject areas and to allocate diagnoses according to ICD-10, allowing a detailed overview of the presence of psychiatric topics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 8 examinations from fall 2010 up to spring 2014 a were included in the analysis. Every examination comprised 320 questions, thus a total of 2560 questions were analyzed. All questions pertaining to psychiatric or psychotherapeutic topics were included. Questions were categorized according to a predefined set of subject areas and an ICD-10 diagnosis. RESULTS Out of the total of 2560 questions analyzed, 166 were categorized as being in psychiatry or psychotherapy, with each examination comprising an average of 20.75 (SD = 5.80) relevant questions. Most questions were allocated to the subject area of pharmacology (n = 53), followed by psychopathologic assessment (n = 27) and psychotherapy (n = 12). Sorted according to ICD-10 criteria, most questions could be assigned to the F3 category, the affective disorders group (21.9 %, n = 35). CONCLUSION In comparison to the actual strain placed on the healthcare system, the results indicate an underrepresentation of psychiatric disorders in the second part of the German state medical examination. The distribution of specific disorders mirrors the actual distribution at least in part; however, certain practically relevant disorders are severely underrepresented.
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Multivessel dissection as a consequence of chiropractic cervical manipulation. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Selected-Nuclei Method for the Computation of Hyperfine Coupling Constants within Second-Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3014-3024. [PMID: 29762028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new ansatz to compute hyperfine coupling constants of selected nuclei at the level of second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and double-hybrid density functional theory with reduced computational effort, opening the route to the analyis of hyperfine coupling constants of large molecular structures. Our approach is based on a reformulation of the canonical MP2 term in atomic orbitals, thus exploiting the locality of electron correlation. We show that a perturbation-including integral screening reduces the scaling behavior of the number of significant two-electron integrals to sublinear. This selected-nuclei approach allows for an efficient computation within scaled-opposite spin (SOS) RI-MP2 on massively parallelized architectures such as graphical processor units (GPUs), thus enabling studies on the influence of the environment on hyperfine coupling constants.
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Low-scaling first-order properties within second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory using Cholesky decomposed density matrices. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:024101. [PMID: 28711065 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient implementation of energy gradients and of hyperfine coupling constants in second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) is presented based on our fully atomic orbital (AO)-based approach. For the latter, an unrestricted AO-based MP2 formulation is introduced. A reduction in the dependency of the computational efficiency on the size of the basis set is achieved by a Cholesky decomposition and the prefactor is reduced by the resolution-of-the-identity approximation. Significant integral contributions are selected based on distance-including integral estimates (denoted as QQR-screening) and its reliability as a fully controlled screening procedure is demonstrated. The rate-determining steps are shown via model computations to scale cubically in the computation of energy gradients and quadratically in the case of hyperfine coupling constants. Furthermore, a significant speed-up of the computational time with respect to the canonical formulation is demonstrated.
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Effects of lateral olfactory tract stimulation on Fos immunoreactivity in vasopressin neurones of the rat piriform cortex. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29:e12531. [PMID: 28862781 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the main olfactory system, odours are registered at the main olfactory epithelium and are then processed at the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and, subsequently, by the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), the piriform cortex (PC) and the cortical amygdala. Previously, we reported populations of vasopressin neurones in different areas of the rat olfactory system, including the MOB, accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and the AON and showed that these are involved in the coding of social odour information. Utilising immunohistochemistry and a transgenic rat in which an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene is expressed in vasopressin neurones (eGFP-vasopressin), we now show a population of vasopressin neurones in the PC. The vasopressin neurones are predominantly located in the layer II of the PC and the majority co-express the excitatory transmitter glutamate. Furthermore, there is no sex difference in the number of neurones expressing vasopressin. Electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract leads to a significant increase in the number of Fos-positive nuclei in the PC, MOB, AOB, dorsal AON and supraoptic nucleus (SON). However, there was only a significant increase in Fos expression in vasopressin cells of the PC and SON. Thus, functionally distinct populations of vasopressin cells are implicated in olfactory processing at multiple stages of the olfactory pathway.
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Pattern of care, health care disparities and their association with survival outcomes in metastatic cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A retrospective evaluation of furosemide and mannitol for prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 42:286-291. [PMID: 28276070 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Nephrotoxicity is a recognized side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy. However, the optimal strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, if any, remains unclear. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether mannitol or furosemide provides better nephroprotection when administered with hydration prior to weekly, low-dose cisplatin concurrently with whole pelvic radiotherapy. METHODS Clinical data were abstracted from all women who underwent chemoradiation for FIGO IB2-IVA cervical cancer at a regional safety net health system between January 2009 and December 2014. Creatinine clearance was estimated using the IDMS-traceable MDRD Study Equation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with hypomagnesemia and survival. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 133 women received 656 weekly doses of single-agent cisplatin (40 mg/m2 ) concomitant with whole pelvic radiation. Furosemide (20 mg) was administered intravenously prior to 341 cisplatin doses, whereas mannitol (24 g) was administered prior to 315 doses. Significant magnesium wasting was observed after the second weekly cisplatin infusion regardless of whether furosemide or mannitol was utilized. Repetitive low-dose cisplatin infusion had no impact on measured levels of serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Prior history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C infection and acute gastrointestinal toxicity were each associated with early onset of hypomagnesemia. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS Repetitive administration of low-dose cisplatin concurrent with whole pelvic radiation is associated with magnesium wasting. However, choice of diuretic with pretreatment hydration had no significant impact on the severity of this adverse effect.
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Effect of Melanotan-II on Brain Fos Immunoreactivity and Oxytocin Neuronal Activity and Secretion in Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28009464 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortins stimulate the central oxytocin systems that are involved in regulating social behaviours. Alterations in central oxytocin have been linked to neurological disorders such as autism, and melanocortins have been proposed for therapeutic treatment. In the present study, we investigated how systemic administration of melanotan-II (MT-II), a melanocortin agonist, affects oxytocin neuronal activity and secretion in rats. The results obtained show that i.v., but not intranasal, administration of MT-II markedly induced Fos expression in magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and this response was attenuated by prior i.c.v. administration of the melanocortin antagonist, SHU-9119. Electrophysiological recordings from identified magnocellular neurones of the SON showed that i.v. administration of MT-II increased the firing rate in oxytocin neurones but did not trigger somatodendritic oxytocin release within the SON as measured by microdialysis. Our data suggest that, after i.v., but not intranasal, administration of MT-II, the activity of magnocellular neurones of the SON is increased. Because previous studies showed that SON oxytocin neurones are inhibited in response to direct application of melanocortin agonists, the actions of i.v. MT-II are likely to be mediated at least partly indirectly, possibly by activation of inputs from the caudal brainstem, where MT-II also increased Fos expression.
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The challenge of extra-intra craniometry: a computer-assisted three-dimensional approach on the equine skull. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2016; 76:458-472. [PMID: 28026847 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2016.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The topographical correlations between certain extracranial and intracranial osseous points of interest (POIs), and their age-related changes, are indispensable to know for a diagnostical or surgical access to intracranial structures; however, they are difficult to assess with conventional devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pilot study, the 3-dimensional coordinates of extra-/intracranial POIs were determined, thus avoiding perspective distortions that used to be intrinsic problems in 2-dimensional morphometry. The data sets were then analysed by creating virtual triangles. The sizes, shapes, and positions of these triangles described the extent and the directions of the age-related shifts of the POIs. A selection of extracranial and intracranial POIs were marked on half skulls of four warmblood horses in two age groups (young: 6 weeks, n = 2; old: 14 and 17 years, n = 2). The x-, y-, and z-coordinates of these POIs were determined with a measurement arm (FaroArm Fusion, FARO Europe®). Direct distances between the POIs as well as their indirect distances on the x-, y-, and z-axis, and angles were calculated. RESULTS The analysed virtual triangles revealed that some parts of the skull grew in size, but did not change in shape/relative proportions (proportional type of growth, as displayed by POI A and POI B at the Arcus zygomaticus). The same POIs (A and B) remained in a very stable relationship to their closest intracranial POI at the Basis cranii on the longitudinal axis, however, shifted markedly in the dorso-lateral direction. In contrast, a disproportional growth of other parts of the cranium was, for example, related to POI C at the Crista nuchae, which shifted strongly in the caudal direction with age. A topographically stable reference point (so-called anchor point) at the Basis cranii was difficult to determine. CONCLUSIONS Two candidates (one at the Synchondrosis intersphenoidalis, another one at the Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis) were relatively stable in their positions. However, the epicentre of (neuro-)cranial growth could only be pinpointed to an area between them.
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Epispadias and the associated embryopathies: genetic and developmental basis. Clin Genet 2016; 91:247-253. [PMID: 27649475 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The abnormalities in the urogenital organs are frequently observed as human developmental diseases. Among such diseases, the defects in the upper part of external genitalia are rather rare named epispadias. The cleft in the dorsal part of external genitalia often reaches to the urethra. In general, the urogenital abnormalities accompany defects in the adjacent tissues and organs. The ventral body wall and bladder can also be affected in the patients with dorsal defects of the external genitalia. Therefore, such multiple malformations are often classified as bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC). Because of the lower frequency of such birth defects and their early embryonic development, animal models are required to analyze the pathogenic mechanisms and the functions of responsible genes. Mutant mouse analyses on various signal cascades for external genitalia and body wall development are increasingly performed. The genetic interactions between growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmp) and transcription factors such as Msx1/2 and Isl1 have been suggested to play roles for such organogenesis. The significance of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) is suggested during development. In this review, we describe on such local interactions and developmental regulators. We also introduce some mutant mouse models displaying external genitalia-body wall abnormalities.
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Comprehensive review of the duplication 3q syndrome and report of a patient with Currarino syndrome and de novo duplication 3q26.32-q27.2. Clin Genet 2016; 91:661-671. [PMID: 27549440 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Partial duplications of the long arm of chromosome 3, dup(3q), are a rare but well-described condition, sharing features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Around two thirds of cases are derived from unbalanced translocations, whereas pure dup(3q) have rarely been reported. Here, we provide an extensive review of the literature on dup(3q). This search revealed several patients with caudal malformations and anomalies, suggesting that caudal malformations or anomalies represent an inherent phenotypic feature of dup(3q). In this context, we report a patient with a pure de novo duplication 3q26.32-q27.2. The patient had the clinical diagnosis of Currarino syndrome (CS) (characterized by the triad of sacral anomalies, anorectal malformations and a presacral mass) and additional features, frequently detected in patients with a dup(3q). Mutations within the MNX1 gene were found to be causative in CS but no MNX1 mutation could be detected in our patient. Our comprehensive search for candidate genes located in the critical region of the duplication 3q syndrome, 3q26.3-q27, revealed a so far neglected phenotypic overlap of dup(3q) and the Pierpont syndrome, associated with a mutation of the TBL1XR1 gene on 3q26.32.
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Forest specialist and generalist small mammals in forest edges and hedges. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Etablierung und erste Maßnahmen der neuen Geschäftsstelle Nationaler Impfplan (NIP) am Bayerischen Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Was bringt die gesetzliche Verpflichtung der Impfbuchvorlage bei der Schuleingangsuntersuchung und anderen schulischen Impfberatungen? Evaluation der Impfbuchvorlagepflicht in Bayern. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1578953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A Direct Neurokinin B Projection from the Arcuate Nucleus Regulates Magnocellular Vasopressin Cells of the Supraoptic Nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26610724 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Central administration of neurokinin B (NKB) agonists stimulates immediate early gene expression in the hypothalamus and increases the secretion of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary through a mechanism that depends on the activation of neurokinin receptor 3 receptors (NK3R). The present study reports that, in the rat, immunoreactivity for NK3R is expressed in magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and that NKB immunoreactivity is expressed in fibres in close juxtaposition with vasopressin neurones at both of these sites. Retrograde tracing in the rat shows that some NKB-expressing neurones in the arcuate nucleus project to the SON and, in mice, using an anterograde tracing approach, it is found that kisspeptin-expressing neurones of the arcuate nucleus, which are known to co-express NKB, project to the SON and PVN. Finally, i.c.v. injection of the NK3R agonist senktide is shown to potently increase the electrical activity of vasopressin neurones in the SON in vivo with no significant effect detected on oxytocin neurones. The results suggest that NKB-containing neurones in the arcuate nucleus regulate the secretion of vasopressin from magnocellular neurones in rodents, and the possible significance of this is discussed.
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Epicardial Erythropoietin Hydrogel Improves Cardiac Functions and Accelerates Rapid Proliferation and Tissue Transformation in the Intracardiac Mesenchyme after Myocardial Infarction. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Solvent and branching effect on the two-photon absorption properties of push–pull triphenylamine derivatives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The photophysical and two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of two tri-podal molecules and of their quadrupolar and dipolar counterparts are reported for a series of solvents with varying polarity.
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Plant Size as Determinant of Species Richness of Herbivores, Natural Enemies and Pollinators across 21 Brassicaceae Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135928. [PMID: 26291614 PMCID: PMC4546192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large plants are often more conspicuous and more attractive for associated animals than small plants, e.g. due to their wider range of resources. Therefore, plant size can positively affect species richness of associated animals, as shown for single groups of herbivores, but studies usually consider intraspecific size differences of plants in unstandardised environments. As comprehensive tests of interspecific plant size differences under standardised conditions are missing so far, we investigated effects of plant size on species richness of all associated arthropods using a common garden experiment with 21 Brassicaceae species covering a broad interspecific plant size gradient from 10 to 130 cm height. We recorded plant associated ecto- and endophagous herbivores, their natural enemies and pollinators on and in each aboveground plant organ, i.e. flowers, fruits, leaves and stems. Plant size (measured as height from the ground), the number of different plant organ entities and their biomass were assessed. Increasing plant size led to increased species richness of associated herbivores, natural enemies and pollinating insects. This pattern was found for ectophagous and endophagous herbivores, their natural enemies, as well as for herbivores associated with leaves and fruits and their natural enemies, independently of the additional positive effects of resource availability (i.e. organ biomass or number of entities and, regarding natural enemies, herbivore species richness). We found a lower R2 for pollinators compared to herbivores and natural enemies, probably caused by the high importance of flower characteristics for pollinator species richness besides plant size. Overall, the increase in plant height from 10 to 130 cm led to a 2.7-fold increase in predicted total arthropod species richness. In conclusion, plant size is a comprehensive driver of species richness of the plant associated arthropods, including pollinators, herbivores and their natural enemies, whether they are endophagous or ectophagous or associated with leaves or fruits.
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Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2015; 75:269. [PMID: 26120280 PMCID: PMC4477714 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with [Formula: see text] eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above [Formula: see text] eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15[Formula: see text]. We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources.
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Feeding damage to plants increases with plant size across 21 Brassicaceae species. Oecologia 2015; 179:455-66. [PMID: 26025575 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant size is a major predictor of ecological functioning. We tested the hypothesis that feeding damage to plants increases with plant size, as the conspicuousness of large plants makes resource finding and colonisation easier. Further, large plants can be attractive to herbivores, as they offer greater amounts and ranges of resources and niches, but direct evidence from experiments testing size effects on feeding damage and consequently on plant fitness is so far missing. We established a common garden experiment with a plant size gradient (10-130 cm height) using 21 annual Brassicaceae species, and quantified plant size, biomass and number of all aboveground components (flowers, fruits, leaves, stems) and their proportional feeding damage. Plant reproductive fitness was measured using seed number, 1000 seed weight and total seed weight. Feeding damage to the different plant components increased with plant size or component biomass, with mean damage levels being approximately 30 % for flowers, 5 % for fruits and 1 % for leaves and stems. Feeding damage affected plant reproductive fitness depending on feeding damage type, with flower damage having the strongest effect, shown by greatly reduced seed number, 1000 seed weight and total seed weight. Finally, we found an overall negative effect of plant size on 1000 seed weight, but not on seed number and total seed weight. In conclusion, being conspicuous and attractive to herbivores causes greater flower damage leading to higher fitness costs for large plants, which might be partly counterbalanced by benefits such as enhanced competitive/compensatory abilities or more mutualistic pollinator visits.
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Dicyanobenzene and dicyanopyrazine derived X-shaped charge-transfer chromophores: comparative and structure-property relationship study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5517-27. [PMID: 24948026 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00901k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel X-shaped push-pull compounds based on benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile has been designed, synthesized and further investigated by X-ray analysis, electrochemistry, absorption and emission spectra, SHG experiment and quantum-chemical calculations. The obtained data were compared with those for isolobal 5,6-disubstituted pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles. Structure-property relationships were elucidated. The extension, composition and planarization of the π-linker used as well as the electron-withdrawing ability of both dicyano-substituted acceptor units affect the linear and nonlinear properties of the target charge-transfer chromophores most significantly.
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Impfbuchvorlagepflicht in Schulen neu in Bayern seit 2013: ist sie erfolgreich? Eine erste Evaluation anhand der Impfbuchvorlageraten in den 6. Klassen. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Treatment compliance among medically underserved women receiving chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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The 〈 ln A 〉 study with the Muon tracking detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment – comparison of hadronic interaction models. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159913001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hsp70 and lipid peroxide levels following heat stress in Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki 1836) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) with regard to different colour morphs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:159-68. [PMID: 25108358 PMCID: PMC4255243 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial snails which live under dry and hot conditions need efficient mechanisms of adaptation to counteract the problems of desiccation and over-heating. A profoundly heat tolerant snail species is the Mediterranean Xeropicta derbentina, exhibiting different shell colour morphs ranging from pale white to darkly banded. Considering that dark-pigmented snails are believed to have a disadvantage due to faster heating, we investigated possible differences in the stress markers Hsp70 and lipid peroxideation between four pre-defined colour morphs which were exposed to different temperatures for eight hours. The highest Hsp70 levels were observed in response to 38-40 °C. Levels decreased when this temperature was exceeded. Snails of a pre-defined colour category 3 (with a large black band at the umbilicus side of the shell) showed the most prominent Hsp70 response. Lipid peroxideation levels also showed a maximum at 38 °C but displayed a second peak at rather high temperatures at which the Hsp70 level already had decreased (45-48 °C). Particularly pure white snails (category 1) and the most pigmented ones (category 4) were found to have different levels of lipid peroxidation at 38 °C and 45 °C compared to the other morphs. A hypothesis involving a combined two-phase defence mechanism, to which both, the Hsp70 protection system and the antioxidant defence system, may contribute, is discussed.
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Connexin 37 and Connexin 43 genotypes in correlation to cytokines in induced sputum and blood in cystic fibrosis (CF). Mol Cell Pediatr 2014. [PMCID: PMC4715121 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7791-1-s1-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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First Experimental Characterization of Microwave Emission from Cosmic Ray Air Showers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:221101. [PMID: 25494064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.221101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the first direct measurement of the overall characteristics of microwave radio emission from extensive air showers. Using a trigger provided by the KASCADE-Grande air shower array, the signals of the microwave antennas of the Cosmic-Ray Observation via Microwave Emission experiment have been read out and searched for signatures of radio emission by high-energy air showers in the GHz frequency range. Microwave signals have been detected for more than 30 showers with energies above 3×10^{16} eV. The observations presented in this Letter are consistent with a mainly forward-directed and polarized emission process in the GHz frequency range. The measurements show that microwave radiation offers a new means of studying air showers at E≥10^{17} eV.
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Do deficits in the magnocellular priming underlie visual derealization phenomena? Preliminary neurophysiological and self-report results in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:441-9. [PMID: 25239127 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early visual impairments probably partially caused by impaired interactions between magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways (M priming deficit), and disturbances of basic self-awareness or self-disorders (SDs) are core features of schizophrenia. The relationships between these features have not yet been studied. We hypothesized that the M priming was impaired in first-episode patients and that this deficit was associated with visual aspects of SDs. AIM To investigate early visual processing in a sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients and to explore the relationships between M and P functioning and visual aspects of SDs addressed by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) interview. METHOD Nine stimulating conditions were used to investigate M and P pathways and their interaction in a pattern reversal visually evoked potential (VEP) paradigm. N80 at mixed M- and P-conditions was used to investigate magnocellular priming. Generators were analyzed using source localization (Brain Electrical Source Analysis software: BESA). VEPs of nineteen first-episode schizophrenia patients were compared to those of twenty matched healthy controls by a bootstrap resample procedure. Visual aspects of SDs were analyzed through a factor analysis to separate symptom clusters of derealization phenomena. Thereafter, the associations between the main factors and the N80 component were explored using linear mixed models. RESULTS Factor analyses separated two EASE factors ("distance to the world", and "intrusive world"). The N80 component was represented by a single dipole located in the occipital visual cortex. The bootstrap analysis yielded significant amplitude reductions and prolonged latencies in first-episode patients relative to controls in response to mixed M-P conditions, and normal amplitudes and latencies in response to isolated P- and M-biased stimulation. Exploratory analyses showed significant negative correlations between the N80 amplitude values at mixed M-P conditions and the EASE factor "distance to the world", i.e. relatively higher amplitudes in the patient group were associated with higher subjective perceived derealization ("distance to the world"). CONCLUSIONS The early VEP component N80 evoked by mixed M-P conditions is assumed to be a correlate of M priming, and showed reduced amplitudes and longer latencies in first-episode patients. It probably reflects a hypoactivation of the M-pathway. The negative association between visual SDs (derealization phenomena characterized by visual experiences of being more distant to the world), and the M priming deficit was counterintuitive. It might indicate a dysregulated activity of the M-pathway in patients with SDs. Further research is needed to better understand this preliminary finding.
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Reconstruction of the energy and depth of maximum of cosmic-ray air showers from LOPES radio measurements. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Dimers [Al2N6]12- and Chains 1
∞[AlN4/2
3-] in the Crystal Structures of Ca6[Al2N6] and Ba3[Al2N4]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1999-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pale yellow transparent single crystals of Ca6[Al2N6] (P21/c, No. 14, a = 693.7(3), b = 614.9(3), c = 987.1(5) pm, ß = 94.01(5)°; Z = 4) and colourless transparent single crystals of Ba3[Al2N4] (Pnna, No. 52, a = 617.9(2), b = 1005.2(4), c = 1023.0(4) pm; Z = 4) were obtained from reactions of mixtures of the representative metals with nitrogen at Tmax = 1000 °C. The crystal structure of Ca6[Al2N6] contains isolated units [Al2N6]12- built of two edge-sharing tetrahedra. Ba3[Al2N4] is an isotype of Sr3[Al2N4]. The crystal structure contains infinite chains 1
∞ [AlN4/2
3-] of trans edge-sharing tetrahedra.
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