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Hansen JS, Nørgaard AW, Koponen IK, Sørli JB, Paidi MD, Hansen SWK, Clausen PA, Nielsen GD, Wolkoff P, Larsen ST. Limonene and its ozone-initiated reaction products attenuate allergic lung inflammation in mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:793-803. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1195462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka S. Hansen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger W. Nørgaard
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismo K. Koponen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorid B. Sørli
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maya D. Paidi
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren W. K. Hansen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar D. Nielsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peder Wolkoff
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Thor Larsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen SN, Schjoldager JG, Paidi MD, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Maternal vitamin C deficiency does not reduce hippocampal volume and β-tubulin III intensity in prenatal Guinea pigs. Nutr Res 2016; 36:696-702. [PMID: 27333961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Marginal vitamin C (vitC) deficiency affects 5% to 10% of adults including subpopulations such as pregnant women and newborns. Animal studies link vitC deficiency to deleterious effects on the developing brain, but exactly how the brain adapts to vitC deficiency and the mechanisms behind the observed deficits remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that vitC deficiency in utero may lead to a decreased neuronal maturation and increased cellular death giving rise to alterations of the hippocampal morphology in a guinea pig model. Brains from prenatal guinea pig pups (n=9-10 in each group) subjected to either a sufficient (918mg vitC/kg feed) or deficient (100mg vitC/kg feed) maternal dietary regimen were assessed with regards to hippocampal volume and β-tubulin isotype III staining intensity at 2 gestational time points (45 and 56). We found a distinct differential regional growth pattern of the hippocampus with a clear effect of gestational age, whereas vitC status did not affect either investigated parameters. Within hippocampal subdivisions, the overall expansion of the hippocampus from gestational day 45 to 56 was found to reside in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, the present study found that hippocampal volume and β-tubulin isotype III intensity in the prenatal guinea pig were influenced by gestational day but not by maternal vitC intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine N Hansen
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1.floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Janne G Schjoldager
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1.floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Maya D Paidi
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1.floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1.floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1.floor, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Søgaard D, Lindblad MM, Paidi MD, Hasselholt S, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. In vivo vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs increases ascorbate transporters in liver but not kidney and brain. Nutr Res 2014; 34:639-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Paidi MD, Schjoldager JG, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Chronic vitamin C deficiency promotes redox imbalance in the brain but does not alter sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 expression. Nutrients 2014; 6:1809-22. [PMID: 24787032 PMCID: PMC4042571 DOI: 10.3390/nu6051809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) has several roles in the brain acting both as a specific and non-specific antioxidant. The brain upholds a very high VitC concentration and is able to preferentially retain VitC even during deficiency. The accumulation of brain VitC levels much higher than in blood is primarily achieved by the sodium dependent VitC transporter (SVCT2). This study investigated the effects of chronic pre-and postnatal VitC deficiency as well as the effects of postnatal VitC repletion, on brain SVCT2 expression and markers of oxidative stress in young guinea pigs. Biochemical analyses demonstrated significantly decreased total VitC and an increased percentage of dehydroascorbic acid, as well as increased lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde), in the brains of VitC deficient animals (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. VitC repleted animals were not significantly different from controls. No significant changes were detected in either gene or protein expression of SVCT2 between groups or brain regions. In conclusion, chronic pre-and postnatal VitC deficiency increased brain redox imbalance but did not increase SVCT2 expression. Our findings show potential implications for VitC deficiency induced negative effects of redox imbalance in the brain and provide novel insight to the regulation of VitC in the brain during deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya D Paidi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
| | - Janne G Schjoldager
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
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Paidi MD, Schjoldager JG, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Prenatal vitamin C deficiency results in differential levels of oxidative stress during late gestation in foetal guinea pig brains. Redox Biol 2014; 2:361-7. [PMID: 24563854 PMCID: PMC3926113 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant defences are comparatively low during foetal development making the brain particularly susceptible to oxidative stress during antioxidant deficiencies. The brain is one of the organs containing the highest concentration of vitamin C (VitC) and VitC deficiency during foetal development may place the brain at risk of redox status imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the developmental pattern and effect of VitC deficiency on antioxidants, vitamin E and superoxide dismutase (SOD), assessed oxidative damage by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxynonenal (HNE) and nitrotyrosine (NT) and analysed gene and protein expression of apoptosis marker caspase-3 in the guinea pig foetal brain at two gestational (GD) time points, GD 45/pre-term and GD 56/near term following either a VitC sufficient (CTRL) or deficient (DEF) maternal dietary regime. We show that except for SOD, antioxidants and oxidative damage markers are differentially expressed between the two GDs, with high VitC (p<0.0001), NT modified proteins (p<0.0001) and active caspase-3 levels (p<0.05) at pre-term and high vitamin E levels (p<0.0001), HNE (p<0.0001) and MDA (p<0.0001) at near term. VitC deficiency significantly increased SOD activity (p<0.0001) compared to CTRLs at both GDs indicating a compensatory response, however, low levels of VitC significantly elevated MDA levels (p<0.05) in DEF at near term. Our results show a differential regulation of the investigated markers during late gestation and suggest that immature brains are susceptible to oxidative stress due to prenatal vitC deficiency in spite of an induction of protective adaptation mechanisms. Maternal vitamin C deficiency affects redox balance in the foetal brain. Differential regulation during late gestation time-points. The foetal brain is susceptible to oxidative stress imposed by vitamin C deficiency.
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Key Words
- 1VitC, vitamin C
- Brain
- CTRL, control
- DEF, deficient
- Deficiency
- Development
- GD, gestational day
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- Guinea pig
- HNE, hydroxynonenal
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NT, nitrotyrosine
- Oxidative stress
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Vitamin C
- s18, ribosomal protein 18S
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya D Paidi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Janne G Schjoldager
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Danmark DK-1870, Denmark
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Vogt L, Schjoldager JG, Jeannet N, Hasselholt S, Paidi MD, Christen S, Lykkesfeldt J. Maternal vitamin C deficiency during pregnancy persistently impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in offspring of guinea pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48488. [PMID: 23119033 PMCID: PMC3485340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While having the highest vitamin C (VitC) concentrations in the body, specific functions of VitC in the brain have only recently been acknowledged. We have shown that postnatal VitC deficiency in guinea pigs causes impairment of hippocampal memory function and leads to 30% less neurons. This study investigates how prenatal VitC deficiency affects postnatal hippocampal development and if any such effect can be reversed by postnatal VitC repletion. Eighty pregnant Dunkin Hartley guinea pig dams were randomized into weight stratified groups receiving High (900 mg) or Low (100 mg) VitC per kg diet. Newborn pups (n = 157) were randomized into a total of four postnatal feeding regimens: High/High (Control); High/Low (Depleted), Low/Low (Deficient); and Low/High (Repleted). Proliferation and migration of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus was assessed by BrdU labeling and hippocampal volumes were determined by stereology. Prenatal VitC deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in postnatal hippocampal volume (P<0.001) which was not reversed by postnatal repletion. There was no difference in postnatal cellular proliferation and survival rates in the hippocampus between dietary groups, however, migration of newborn cells into the granular layer of the hippocampus dentate gyrus was significantly reduced in prenatally deficient animals (P<0.01). We conclude that a prenatal VitC deficiency in guinea pigs leads to persistent impairment of postnatal hippocampal development which is not alleviated by postnatal repletion. Our findings place attention on a yet unrecognized consequence of marginal VitC deficiency during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Vogt
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janne G. Schjoldager
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Jeannet
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stine Hasselholt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maya D. Paidi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Christen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (JL)
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SC); (JL)
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