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Bobadilla-Carrillo GI, Magallón-Servín P, López-Vela M, Palomino-Hermosillo YA, Ramírez-Ramírez JC, Gutiérrez-Leyva R, Ibarra-Castro L, Bautista-Rosales PU. Characterization and proliferation capacity of potentially pathogenic fungi in marine and freshwater fish commercial feeds. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2379-2390. [PMID: 32588083 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the aquaculture industry, the selection and quality of feed are highly relevant because their integrity and management have an impact on the health and development of organisms. In general, feeds contamination depends on storage conditions and formulation. Furthermore, it has been recognized that filamentous fungi are among the most important contaminating agent in formulated feeds. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify saprophytic fungi capable of proliferating in commercial feeds, as well as determining their prevalence, extracellular enzymes profile, ability to assimilate carbon sources, and finally their ability to produce aflatoxins. In order to do that, twenty-two fungi were isolated from commercial fish feeds. After, the species Aspergillus chevalieri, A. cristatus, A. sydowii, A. versicolor, A. flavus, A. creber, and Lichtheimia ramosa were identified. These fungi were able to produce extracellular enzymes, such as phosphatases, esterases, proteases, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The isolated fungi showed no selective behavior in the assimilation of the different carbon sources, showing a strong metabolic diversity. Prevalence percentages above 85% were recorded. Among all fungi studied, A. flavus M3-C1 had the highest production of aflatoxins when this strain was inoculated directly in the feeds (295 ppb). The aflatoxin production by this strain under the experimental setting is above the permitted levels, and it has been established that high levels of aflatoxins in feeds can cause alterations in fish growth as well as the development of cancerous tumors in the liver, in addition to enhancing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ilieva Bobadilla-Carrillo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9, Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C. P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.,Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C. P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Paola Magallón-Servín
- Environmental Microbiology Group At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Km. 1 Carretera a San Juan de La Costa "El Comitan", C. P. 23205, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.,Bashan Institute of Sciences, 1730 Post Oak Ct. Auburn, Dadeville, Alabama, 36830, USA
| | - Melissa López-Vela
- Environmental Microbiology Group At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Km. 1 Carretera a San Juan de La Costa "El Comitan", C. P. 23205, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.,Bashan Institute of Sciences, 1730 Post Oak Ct. Auburn, Dadeville, Alabama, 36830, USA
| | | | - José Carmen Ramírez-Ramírez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 3.5 Carretera Compostela-Chapalilla, C. P. 63700, Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ranferi Gutiérrez-Leyva
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 3.5 Carretera Compostela-Chapalilla, C. P. 63700, Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ibarra-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N, Col. Cerritos, C. P. 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9, Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C. P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. .,Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C. P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Olguín EJ, Sánchez-Galván G, González-Portela RE, López-Vela M. Constructed wetland mesocosms for the treatment of diluted sugarcane molasses stillage from ethanol production using Pontederia sagittata. Water Res 2008; 42:3659-3666. [PMID: 18653207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane molasses stillage contains a very high concentration of organic matter and toxic/recalcitrant compounds. Its improper disposal has become a global problem and there is very scanty information about its treatment using phytotechnologies. This work aimed at evaluating the performance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) mesocosms planted with Pontederia sagittata and operating at two hydraulic retention times (HRTs), compared to an unplanted SSF CWs, for the treatment of diluted stillage subjected to no pre-treatment apart from an adjustment to pH 6.0. CWs were fed with very high surface COD loading rates (i.e. 47.26 and 94.83gCOD/m(2)d). The planted CWs were able to remove COD in the range of 80.24-80.62%, BOD(5) in the range of 82.20-87.31%, TKN in the range of 73.42-76.07%, nitrates from 56-58.74% and sulfates from 68.58-69.45%, depending on the HRT. Phosphate and potassium were not removed. It was concluded that this type of CWs is a feasible option for the treatment of diluted stillage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia J Olguín
- Unidad de Biotecnología Ambiental. Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa,Veracruz 91070, México.
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