1
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Allison M, Davie RL, Mogg AJ, Hampton SL, Emsley J, Stocks MJ. Discovery of α-Amidobenzylboronates as Highly Potent Covalent Inhibitors of Plasma Kallikrein. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:501-509. [PMID: 38628785 PMCID: PMC11017388 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare genetic disorder, is associated with uncontrolled plasma kallikrein (PKa) enzyme activity leading to the generation of bradykinin swelling in subcutaneous and submucosal membranes in various locations of the body. Herein, we describe a series of potent α-amidobenzylboronates as potential covalent inhibitors of PKa. These compounds exhibited time-dependent inhibition of PKa (compound 20 IC50 66 nM at 1 min, 70 pM at 24 h). Further compound dissociation studies demonstrated that 20 showed no apparent reversibility comparable to d-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) (23), a known nonselective covalent PKa inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Allison
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Davie
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, United
Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Mogg
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, United
Kingdom
| | - Sally L. Hampton
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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2
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White CW, Platt S, Kilpatrick LE, Dale N, Abhayawardana RS, Dekkers S, Kindon ND, Kellam B, Stocks MJ, Pfleger KDG, Hill SJ. CXCL17 is an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR4 through a mechanism of action involving glycosaminoglycans. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabl3758. [PMID: 38502733 PMCID: PMC7615768 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CXCL17 is a chemokine principally expressed by mucosal tissues, where it facilitates chemotaxis of monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages and has antimicrobial properties. CXCL17 is also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory disorders and progression of several cancers, and its expression is increased during viral infections of the lung. However, the exact role of CXCL17 in health and disease requires further investigation, and there is a need for confirmed molecular targets mediating CXCL17 functional responses. Using a range of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays, here we demonstrated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4-mediated signaling and ligand binding. Moreover, CXCL17 interacted with neuropillin-1, a VEGFR2 coreceptor. In addition, we found that CXCL17 only inhibited CXCR4 ligand binding in intact cells and demonstrated that this effect was mimicked by known glycosaminoglycan binders, surfen and protamine sulfate. Disruption of putative GAG binding domains in CXCL17 prevented CXCR4 binding. This indicated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4 by a mechanism of action that potentially required the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-containing accessory protein. Together, our results revealed that CXCL17 is an endogenous inhibitor of CXCR4 and represents the next step in our understanding of the function of CXCL17 and regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. White
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Platt
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Dale
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Rekhati S. Abhayawardana
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dekkers
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. G. Pfleger
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Dimerix Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Cell Signalling and Pharmacology Research Group, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
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3
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Soukarieh F, Mashabi A, Richardson W, Oton EV, Romero M, Dubern JF, Robertson SN, Lucanto S, Markham-Lee Z, Sou T, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Levesque RC, Bergstrom CAS, Halliday N, Kellam B, Emsley J, Heeb S, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New 1 H-Benzo[ d]imidazole Based PqsR Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1008-1023. [PMID: 38170170 PMCID: PMC10823468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the top priority pathogens that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Due to the alarming shortage of novel antimicrobials, targeting quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial cell to cell signaling system controlling virulence, has emerged as a promising approach as an antibiotic adjuvant therapy. Interference with the pqs system, one of three QS systems in P. aeruginosa, results in reduction of bacterial virulence gene expression and biofilm maturation. Herein, we report a hit to lead process to fine-tune the potency of our previously reported inhibitor 1 (IC50 3.2 μM in P. aeruginosa PAO1-L), which led to the discovery of 2-(4-(3-((6-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)acetonitrile (6f) as a potent PqsR antagonist. Compound 6f inhibited the PqsR-controlled PpqsA-lux transcriptional reporter fusion in P. aeruginosa at low submicromolar concentrations. Moreover, 6f showed improved efficacy against P. aeruginosa CF isolates with significant inhibition of pyocyanin, 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Soukarieh
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Alaa Mashabi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - William Richardson
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Eduard Vico Oton
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Manuel Romero
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Shaun N. Robertson
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Simone Lucanto
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Zoe Markham-Lee
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Tomás Sou
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Institut
de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Institut
de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Nigel Halliday
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Stephan Heeb
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Paul Williams
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- The
National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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4
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Dekkers S, Comez D, Karsai N, Arimont-Segura M, Canals M, Caspar B, de Graaf C, Kilpatrick LE, Leurs R, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Briddon SJ, Stocks MJ. Small Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:143-148. [PMID: 38229752 PMCID: PMC10788940 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) is a receptor that induces cancer progression and metastasis in multiple cell types. Therefore, new chemical tools are required to study the role of ACKR3 in cancer and other diseases. In this study, fluorescent probes, based on a series of small molecule ACKR3 agonists, were synthesized. Three fluorescent probes, which showed specific binding to ACKR3 through a luminescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKd ranging from 6.8 to 7.8) are disclosed. Due to their high affinity at the ACKR3, we have shown their application in both competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy studies showing the cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
| | - Dehan Comez
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Noemi Karsai
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Marta Arimont-Segura
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E. Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Hill
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Briddon
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University
of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Biodiscovery
Institute, School of Pharmacy, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United
Kingdom
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5
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Wong A, Chu Y, Chen H, Feng W, Ji L, Qin C, Stocks MJ, Marlow M, Gershkovich P. Distribution of lamivudine into lymph node HIV reservoir. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123574. [PMID: 37935311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of antiretroviral agents to lymph nodes is important to decrease the size of the HIV reservoir within the lymphatic system. Lamivudine (3TC) is used in first-line regimens for the treatment of HIV. As a highly hydrophilic small molecule, 3TC is not predicted to associate with chylomicrons and therefore should have negligible uptake into intestinal lymphatics following oral administration. Similarly, negligible amounts of 3TC are predicted to be transported into peripheral lymphatics following subcutaneous (SC) injection due to the faster flow rate of blood in comparison to lymph. In this work, we performed pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of 3TC in rats following oral lipid-based, oral lipid-free, SC, and intravenous (IV) administrations. In the oral administration studies, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) had significantly higher 3TC concentrations compared to other lymph nodes, with mean tissue:serum ratios ranging from 1.4 to 2.9. However, cells and chylomicrons found in mesenteric lymph showed low-to-undetectable concentrations. In SC studies, administration-side (right) draining inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes had significantly higher concentrations (tissue:serum ratios as high as 3.2) than corresponding left-side nodes. In IV studies, lymph nodes had lower mean tissue:serum ratios ranging from 0.9 to 1.4. We hypothesize that following oral or SC administration, slower permeation of this hydrophilic molecule into blood capillaries may result in considerable passive 3TC penetration into lymphatic vessels. Further studies will be needed to clarify the mechanism of delivery of 3TC and similar antiretroviral drugs into the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yenju Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haojie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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6
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Chu Y, Wong A, Chen H, Ji L, Qin C, Feng W, Stocks MJ, Gershkovich P. Development of lipophilic ester prodrugs of dolutegravir for intestinal lymphatic transport. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:90-102. [PMID: 37634824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of latent cellular and anatomical viral reservoirs is a major obstacle to achieving a cure for people infected by HIV. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are one of the most important anatomical reservoirs of HIV. Suboptimal levels of antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs in these difficult-to-penetrate viral reservoirs is one of the limitations of current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. This study aimed to design and assess highly lipophilic ester prodrugs of dolutegravir (DTG) formulated with long-chain triglyceride (LCT) for delivery of DTG to the viral reservoir in mesenteric lymph and MLNs. A number of alkyl ester prodrugs of DTG were designed based on the predicted affinity to chylomicrons (CM), and the six most promising prodrugs were selected and synthesised. The synthesised prodrugs were further assessed for their intestinal lymphatic transport potential and biotransformation in biorelevant media in vitro and ex vivo. DTG and the most promising prodrug (prodrug 5) were then assessed in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies in rats. Although oral administration of 5 mg/kg of unmodified DTG (an allometrically scaled dose from humans) with or without lipids achieved concentrations above protein binding-adjusted IC90 (PA-IC90) (64 ng/mL) in most tissues, the drug was not selectively targeted to MLNs. The combination of lipophilic ester prodrug and LCT-based formulation approach improved the targeting selectivity of DTG to MLNs 4.8-fold compared to unmodified DTG. However, systemic exposure to DTG was limited, most likely due to poor intestinal absorption of the prodrug following oral administration. In vitro lipolysis showed a good correlation between micellar solubilisation of the prodrug and systemic exposure to DTG in rats in vivo. Thus, it is prudent to include in vitro lipolysis in the early assessment of orally administered drugs and prodrugs in lipidic formulations, even when intestinal lymphatic transport is involved in the absorption pathway. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of low systemic bioavailability of DTG following oral administration of the prodrug and potential ways to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenju Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Abigail Wong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Haojie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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7
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Dekkers S, Caspar B, Goulding J, Kindon ND, Kilpatrick LE, Stoddart LA, Briddon SJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Stocks MJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5208-5222. [PMID: 36944083 PMCID: PMC10108349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, or CXCR4, is a chemokine receptor found to promote cancer progression and metastasis of various cancer cell types. To investigate the pharmacology of this receptor, and to further elucidate its role in cancer, novel chemical tools are a necessity. In the present study, using classic medicinal chemistry approaches, small-molecule-based fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized based on previously reported small-molecule antagonists. Here, we report the development of three distinct chemical classes of fluorescent probes that show specific binding to the CXCR4 receptor in a novel fluorescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKD ranging 6.6-7.1). Due to their retained affinity at CXCR4, we furthermore report their use in competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy to investigate the pharmacology and cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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8
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Davie RL, Edwards HJ, Evans DM, Hodgson ST, Stocks MJ, Smith AJ, Rushbrooke LJ, Pethen SJ, Roe MB, Clark DE, McEwan PA, Hampton SL. Sebetralstat (KVD900): A Potent and Selective Small Molecule Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Featuring a Novel P1 Group as a Potential Oral On-Demand Treatment for Hereditary Angioedema. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13629-13644. [PMID: 36251573 PMCID: PMC9620001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients experience sudden onset of swelling in various locations of the body. HAE is associated with uncontrolled plasma kallikrein (PKa) enzyme activity and generation of the potent inflammatory mediator, bradykinin, resulting in episodic attacks of angioedema. Herein, we disclose the discovery and optimization of novel small molecule PKa inhibitors. Starting from molecules containing highly basic P1 groups, which typically bind to an aspartic acid residue (Asp189) in the serine protease S1 pocket, we identified novel P1 binding groups likely to have greater potential for oral-drug-like properties. The optimization of P4 and the central core together with the particularly favorable properties of 3-fluoro-4-methoxypyridine P1 led to the development of sebetralstat, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable PKa inhibitor in phase 3 for on-demand treatment of HAE attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Davie
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - Hannah J. Edwards
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - D. Michael Evans
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - Simon T. Hodgson
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Alun J. Smith
- Sygnature
Discovery, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GR, U.K.
| | | | - Stephen J. Pethen
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Roe
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
| | - David E. Clark
- Charles
River Early Discovery, 6-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, U.K.
| | - Paul A. McEwan
- Evotec, 114 Innovation Drive Milton Science
Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, U.K.
| | - Sally L. Hampton
- KalVista
Pharmaceuticals Limited, Porton Science Park, Salisbury, SP4 0BF, U.K.
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9
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Ayre J, Redmond JM, Vitulli G, Tomlinson L, Weaver R, Comeo E, Bosquillon C, Stocks MJ. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Lung-Retentive Prodrugs for Extending the Lung Tissue Retention of Inhaled Drugs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9802-9818. [PMID: 35798565 PMCID: PMC9340777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A major limitation
of pulmonary delivery is that drugs can exhibit
suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles resulting from rapid elimination
from the pulmonary tissue. This can lead to systemic side effects
and a short duration of action. A series of dibasic dipeptides attached
to the poorly lung-retentive muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist piperidin-4-yl
2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetate (1) through a pH-sensitive-linking
group have been evaluated. Extensive optimization resulted in 1-(((R)-2-((S)-2,6-diaminohexanamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy)ethyl
4-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (23), which combined very good in vitro stability and
very high rat lung binding. Compound 23 progressed to
pharmacokinetic studies in rats, where, at 24 h post dosing in the
rat lung, the total lung concentration of 23 was 31.2
μM. In addition, high levels of liberated drug 1 were still detected locally, demonstrating the benefit of this novel
prodrug approach for increasing the apparent pharmacokinetic half-life
of drugs in the lungs following pulmonary dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ayre
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joanna M Redmond
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laura Tomlinson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Weaver
- XenoGesis Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, U.K
| | - Eleonora Comeo
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cynthia Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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10
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Feng W, Qin C, Abdelrazig S, Bai Z, Raji M, Darwish R, Chu Y, Ji L, Gray DA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Vegetable oils composition affects the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of co-administered lipophilic drug cannabidiol. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121947. [PMID: 35753538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although natural sesame oil has been shown to facilitate the lymphatic delivery and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD), considerable variability remains an unresolved challenge. Vegetable oils differ substantially in composition, which could lead to differences in promotion of intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs. Therefore, the differences in composition of sesame, sunflower, peanut, soybean, olive and coconut oils and their corresponding role as vehicles in promoting CBD lymphatic targeting and bioavailability were investigated in this study. The comparative analysis suggests that the fatty acids profile of vegetable oils is overall similar to the fatty acids profile in the corresponding chylomicrons in rat lymph. However, arachidonic acid (C20:4), was introduced to chylomicrons from endogenous nondietary sources. Overall, fatty acid composition of natural vegetable oils vehicles affected the intestinal lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD following oral administration in this work. Olive oil led to the highest concentration of CBD in the lymphatic system and in the systemic circulation in comparison to the other natural vegetable oils following oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ziyu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mekha Raji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Randa Darwish
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical supplies and maintenance office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liuhang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David A Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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11
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Jewell A, Brookes A, Feng W, Ashford M, Gellert P, Butler J, Fischer PM, Scurr DJ, Stocks MJ, Gershkovich P. Distribution of a highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol into different lymph nodes following oral administration in lipidic vehicle. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:29-34. [PMID: 35364254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of highly lipophilic drugs or prodrugs to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) can be achieved following oral administration with lipids. However, it remains unclear which specific MLN can be targeted and to what extent. Moreover, the efficiency of drug delivery to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (RPLN) has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of a highly lipophilic model drug cannabidiol (CBD), known to undergo intestinal lymphatic transport following administration with lipids, into specific MLN and RPLN in rats at various time-points post dosing. In vivo studies showed that at 2 hour following administration, significantly higher concentrations of CBD were present in the region second from the apex of the MLN chain. From 3 hours following administration, concentrations in all MLN were similar. CBD was also found at substantial levels in RPLN. This study demonstrates that drug concentrations in specific MLN are different, at least at the peak of the absorption process. Moreover, in addition to the MLN, the RPLN may also be targeted by oral route of administration, which may have further implications for treatment of a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Jewell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Brookes
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gellert
- Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, United Kingdom.
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12
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Soukarieh F, Mashabi A, Richardson W, Oton EV, Romero M, Roberston SN, Grossman S, Sou T, Liu R, Halliday N, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Levesque RC, Bergstrom CAS, Kellam B, Emsley J, Heeb S, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M. Design and Evaluation of New Quinazolin-4(3 H)-one Derived PqsR Antagonists as Quorum Sensing Quenchers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2666-2685. [PMID: 34503335 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
P. aeruginosa (PA) continues to pose a threat to global public health due to its high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ongoing AMR crisis has led to an alarming shortage of effective treatments for resistant microbes, and hence there is a pressing demand for the development of novel antimicrobial interventions. The potential use of antivirulence therapeutics to tackle bacterial infections has attracted considerable attention over the past decades as they hamper the pathogenicity of target microbes with reduced selective pressure, minimizing the emergence of resistance. One such approach is to interfere with the PA pqs quorum sensing system which upon the interaction of PqsR, a Lys-R type transcriptional regulator, with its cognate signal molecules 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), governs multiple virulence traits and host-microbe interactions. In this study, we report the hit identification and optimization of PqsR antagonists using virtual screening coupled with whole cell assay validation. The optimized hit compound 61 ((R)-2-(4-(3-(6-chloro-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)acetonitrile) was found to inhibit the expression of the PA PpqsA promoter controlled by PqsR with an IC50 of 1 μM. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, a Kd of 10 nM for the PqsR ligand binding domain (PqsRLBD) was determined for 61. Furthermore, the crystal structure of 61 with PqsRLBD was attained with a resolution of 2.65 Å. Compound 61 significantly reduced levels of pyocyanin, PQS, and HHQ in PAO1-L, PA14 lab strains and PAK6085 clinical isolate. Furthermore, this compound potentiated the effect of ciprofloxacin in early stages of biofilm treatment and in Galleria mellonella infected with PA. Altogether, this data shows 61 as a potent PqsR inhibitor with potential for hit to lead optimization toward the identification of a PA QS inhibitor which can be advanced into preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alaa Mashabi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - William Richardson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Eduard Vico Oton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Manuel Romero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Shaun N. Roberston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Scott Grossman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Tomas Sou
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Ruiling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nigel Halliday
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes, Universite Laval, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes, Universite Laval, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephan Heeb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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13
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Feng W, Qin C, Cipolla E, Lee JB, Zgair A, Chu Y, Ortori CA, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Inclusion of Medium-Chain Triglyceride in Lipid-Based Formulation of Cannabidiol Facilitates Micellar Solubilization In Vitro, but In Vivo Performance Remains Superior with Pure Sesame Oil Vehicle. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1349. [PMID: 34575426 PMCID: PMC8472830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral sesame oil-based formulation facilitates the delivery of poorly water-soluble drug cannabidiol (CBD) to the lymphatic system and blood circulation. However, this natural oil-based formulation also leads to considerable variability in absorption of CBD. In this work, the performance of lipid-based formulations with the addition of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) or surfactants to the sesame oil vehicle has been tested in vitro and in vivo using CBD as a model drug. The in vitro lipolysis has shown that addition of the MCT leads to a higher distribution of CBD into the micellar phase. Further addition of surfactants to MCT-containing formulations did not improve distribution of the drug into the micellar phase. In vivo, formulations containing MCT led to lower or similar concentrations of CBD in serum, lymph and MLNs, but with reduced variability. MCT improves the emulsification and micellar solubilization of CBD, but surfactants did not facilitate further the rate and extent of lipolysis. Even though addition of MCT reduces the variability, the in vivo performance for the extent of both lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability remains superior with a pure natural oil vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Elena Cipolla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Yenju Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Catherine A. Ortori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | | | - David A. Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (W.F.); (C.Q.); (E.C.); (J.B.L.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.A.O.); (M.J.S.); (D.A.B.); (P.M.F.)
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14
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Chu Y, Qin C, Feng W, Sheriston C, Jane Khor Y, Medrano-Padial C, Watson BE, Chan T, Ling B, Stocks MJ, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Oral administration of tipranavir with long-chain triglyceride results in moderate intestinal lymph targeting but no efficient delivery to HIV-1 reservoir in mesenteric lymph nodes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120621. [PMID: 33892057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) led to substantial improvement in mortality and morbidity of HIV-1 infection. However, the poor penetration of antiretroviral agents to HIV-1 reservoirs limit the ability of the antiretroviral agents to eliminate the virus. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are one of the main HIV-1 reservoirs in patients under suppressive cART. Intestinal lymphatic absorption pathway substantially increases the concentration of lipophilic drugs in mesenteric lymph and MLNs when they are co-administered with long-chain triglyceride (LCT). Chylomicrons (CM) play a crucial role in the intestinal lymphatic absorption as they transport drugs to the lymph lacteals rather than blood capillary by forming CM-drug complexes in the enterocytes. Thus, lipophilic antiretroviral drugs could potentially be delivered to HIV-1 reservoirs in MLNs by LCT-based formulation approach. In this study, protease inhibitors (PIs) were initially screened for their potential for intestinal lymphatic targeting using a computational model. The candidates were further assessed for their experimental affinity to CM. Tipranavir (TPV) was the only-candidate with substantial affinity to both artificial and natural CM in vitro and ex vivo. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were then performed to evaluate the oral bioavailability and intestinal lymphatic targeting of TPV in rats. The results showed similar oral bioavailability of TPV with and without co-administration of LCT vehicle. Although LCT-based formulation led to 3-fold higher concentrations of TPV in mesenteric lymph compared to plasma, the levels of the drug in MLNs were similar to plasma in both LCT-based and lipid-free formulation groups. Thus, LCT-based formulation approach alone was not sufficient for effective delivery of TPV to MLNs. Future efforts should be directed to a combined highly lipophilic prodrugs/lipid-based formulation approach to target TPV, other PIs and potentially other classes of antiretroviral agents to viral reservoirs within the mesenteric lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenju Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Sheriston
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Jane Khor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Concepción Medrano-Padial
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Birgit E Watson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teddy Chan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Binhua Ling
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78227, USA
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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15
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Feng W, Qin C, Chu Y, Berton M, Lee JB, Zgair A, Bettonte S, Stocks MJ, Constantinescu CS, Barrett DA, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Natural sesame oil is superior to pre-digested lipid formulations and purified triglycerides in promoting the intestinal lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability of cannabidiol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:43-49. [PMID: 33677067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations play a significant role in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Previous studies have shown that natural sesame oil promotes the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of the highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol (CBD). However, both lymphatic transport and systemic bioavailability were also associated with considerable variability. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pre-digested lipid formulations (oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol, oleic acid with 2-oleoylglycerol and oleic acid with glycerol) could reduce variability and increase the extent of the intestinal lymphatic transport and oral bioavailability of CBD. The in vivo studies in rats showed that pre-digested or purified triglyceride did not improve the lymphatic transport and bioavailability of CBD in comparison to sesame oil. Moreover, the results suggest that both the absorption of lipids and the absorption of co-administered CBD were more efficient following administration of natural sesame oil vehicle compared with pre-digested lipids or purified trioleate. Although multiple small molecule constituents and unique fatty acid compositions could potentially contribute to a better performance of sesame oil in oral absorption of lipids or CBD, further investigation will be needed to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Tri-Service General Hospital, Medical Supplies and Maintenance Office, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mattia Berton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Sara Bettonte
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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16
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Grossman S, Soukarieh F, Richardson W, Liu R, Mashabi A, Emsley J, Williams P, Cámara M, Stocks MJ. Novel quinazolinone inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing transcriptional regulator PqsR. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112778. [PMID: 32927392 PMCID: PMC7684530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rising numbers of cases of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa over recent years have created an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to cure potentially fatal infections. One such approach is virulence attenuation where anti-virulence compounds, designed to reduce pathogenicity without affording bactericidal effects, are employed to treat infections. P. aeruginosa uses the pqs quorum sensing (QS) system, to coordinate the expression of a large number of virulence determinants as well as bacterial-host interactions and hence represents an excellent anti-virulence target. We report the synthesis and identification of a new series of thiazole-containing quinazolinones capable of inhibiting PqsR, the transcriptional regulator of the pqs QS system. The compounds demonstrated high potency (IC50 < 300 nM) in a whole-cell assay, using a mCTX:PpqsA-lux-based bioreporter for the P. aeruginosa PAO1-L and PA14 strains. Structural evaluation defined the binding modes of four analogues in the ligand-binding domain of PqsR through X-ray crystallography. Further work showed the ability of 6-chloro-3((2-pentylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (18) and 6-chloro-3((2-hexylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (19) to attenuate production of the PqsR-regulated virulence factor pyocyanin. Compounds 18 and 19 showed a low cytotoxic profile in the A549 human epithelial lung cell line making them suitable candidates for further pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Grossman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Richardson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ruiling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alaa Mashabi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK.
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17
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Sou T, Soukarieh F, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M, Bergström CAS. Model-Informed Drug Discovery and Development in Pulmonary Delivery: Biopharmaceutical Pharmacometric Modeling for Formulation Evaluation of Pulmonary Suspensions. ACS Omega 2020; 5:25733-25746. [PMID: 33073099 PMCID: PMC7557213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For respiratory conditions, targeted drug delivery to the lungs could produce higher local concentrations with reduced risk of adverse events compared to systemic administration. Despite the increasing interest in pulmonary delivery, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs following pulmonary administration remains to be elucidated. In this context, the application of modeling and simulation methodologies to characterize PK properties of compounds following pulmonary administration remains a scarcity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lung infections are resistant to many of the current antibiotic therapies. Targeted treatments for pulmonary delivery could be particularly beneficial for these local conditions. In this study, we report the application of biopharmaceutical pharmacometrics (BPMX) for the analysis of PK data from three investigational antimicrobial agents following pulmonary administration of a suspension formulation. The observed drug concentration-time profiles in lungs and plasma of the compound series were combined for simultaneous analysis and modeling. The developed model describes the PK data, taking into account formulation properties, and provides a mechanism to predict dissolved drug concentrations in the lungs available for activity. The model was then used to evaluate formulation effects and the impact of variability on total and dissolved drug concentrations in lungs and plasma. The predictions suggest that these therapies for lung delivery should ideally be delivered in a sustained release formulation with high solubility for maximum local exposure in lungs for efficacy, with rapid systemic clearance in plasma for reduced risk of unwanted systemic adverse effects. This work shows the potential benefits of BPMX and the role it can play to support drug discovery and development in pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Sou
- Molecular
Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala
University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Pharmacometrics,
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fadi Soukarieh
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Christel A. S. Bergström
- Drug
Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala
University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- The
Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Qin C, Feng W, Chu Y, Lee JB, Berton M, Bettonte S, Teo YY, Stocks MJ, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Development and validation of a cost‐effective and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC‐UV method for determination of lopinavir in rat and human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4934. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - YenJu Chu
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Mattia Berton
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Sara Bettonte
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Yeong Yeu Teo
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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19
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Soukarieh F, Liu R, Romero M, Roberston SN, Richardson W, Lucanto S, Oton EV, Qudus NR, Mashabi A, Grossman S, Ali S, Sou T, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Levesque RC, Bergström CAS, Halliday N, Mistry SN, Emsley J, Heeb S, Williams P, Cámara M, Stocks MJ. Hit Identification of New Potent PqsR Antagonists as Inhibitors of Quorum Sensing in Planktonic and Biofilm Grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Chem 2020; 8:204. [PMID: 32432073 PMCID: PMC7213079 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming less effective because of the increasing rates of multi-antibiotic resistance. Pharmacological targeting of virulence through inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) dependent virulence gene regulation has considerable therapeutic potential. In P. aeruginosa, the pqs QS system regulates the production of multiple virulence factors as well as biofilm maturation and is a promising approach for developing antimicrobial adjuvants for combatting drug resistance. In this work, we report the hit optimisation for a series of potent novel inhibitors of PqsR, a key regulator of the pqs system, bearing a 2-((5-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)thio) acetamide scaffold. The initial hit compound 7 (PAO1-L IC50 0.98 ± 0.02 μM, PA14 inactive at 10 μM) was obtained through a virtual screening campaign performed on the PqsR ligand binding domain using the University of Nottingham Managed Chemical Compound Collection. Hit optimisation gave compounds with enhanced potency against strains PAO1-L and PA14, evaluated using P. aeruginosa pqs-based QS bioreporter assays. Compound 40 (PAO1-L IC50 0.25 ± 0.12 μM, PA14 IC50 0.34 ± 0.03 μM) is one of the most potent PqsR antagonists reported showing significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa pyocyanin production and pqs system signaling in both planktonic cultures and biofilms. The co-crystal structure of 40 with the PqsR ligand binding domain revealed the specific binding interactions occurring between inhibitor and this key regulatory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Romero
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun N Roberston
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Richardson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Lucanto
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Vico Oton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naim Ruhul Qudus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa Mashabi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Grossman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sadiqur Ali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tomás Sou
- Drug Delivery Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Pharmacometrics Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Roger C Levesque
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Drug Delivery Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nigel Halliday
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Emsley
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Heeb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Stocks
- The National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Garces AE, Al-Hayali M, Lee JB, Li J, Gershkovich P, Bradshaw TD, Stocks MJ. Codrug Approach for the Potential Treatment of EML4-ALK Positive Lung Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:316-321. [PMID: 32184963 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the synergistic effect of PI3K inhibition with ALK inhibition for the possible treatment of EML4-ALK positive lung cancer. We have brought together ceritinib (ALK inhibitor) and pictilisib (PI3K inhibitor) into a single bivalent molecule (a codrug) with the aim of designing a molecule for slow release drug delivery that targets EML4-ALK positive lung cancer. We have joined the two drugs through a new, pH-sensitive linker where the resulting codrugs are hydrolytically stable at lower pH (pH 6.4) but rapidly cleaved at higher pH (pH 7.4). Compound (19), which was designed for optimal lung retention, demonstrated clean liberation of the drug payloads in vitro and represents a novel approach to targeted lung delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E Garces
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Mohammed Al-Hayali
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E. Garces
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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22
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Lee JB, Zgair A, Malec J, Kim TH, Kim MG, Ali J, Qin C, Feng W, Chiang M, Gao X, Voronin G, Garces AE, Lau CL, Chan TH, Hume A, McIntosh TM, Soukarieh F, Al-Hayali M, Cipolla E, Collins HM, Heery DM, Shin BS, Yoo SD, Kagan L, Stocks MJ, Bradshaw TD, Fischer PM, Gershkovich P. Lipophilic activated ester prodrug approach for drug delivery to the intestinal lymphatic system. J Control Release 2018; 286:10-19. [PMID: 30016732 PMCID: PMC6143478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lymphatic system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including lymphomas, cancer metastasis, autoimmune diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is thus an important compartment for delivery of drugs in order to treat diseases associated with the lymphatic system. Lipophilic prodrug approaches have been used in the past to take advantage of the intestinal lymphatic transport processes to deliver drugs to the intestinal lymphatics. Most of the approaches previously adopted were based on very bulky prodrug moieties such as those mimicking triglycerides (TG). We now report a study in which a lipophilic prodrug approach was used to efficiently deliver bexarotene (BEX) and retinoic acid (RA) to the intestinal lymphatic system using activated ester prodrugs. A range of carboxylic ester prodrugs of BEX were designed and synthesised and all of the esters showed improved association with chylomicrons, which indicated an improved potential for delivery to the intestinal lymphatic system. The conversion rate of the prodrugs to BEX was the main determinant in delivery of BEX to the intestinal lymphatics, and activated ester prodrugs were prepared to enhance the conversion rate. As a result, an 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxol-2-one ester prodrug of BEX was able to increase the exposure of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) to BEX 17-fold compared to when BEX itself was administered. The activated ester prodrug approach was also applied to another drug, RA, where the exposure of the MLNs was increased 2.4-fold through the application of a similar cyclic activated prodrug. Synergism between BEX and RA was also demonstrated in vitro by cell growth inhibition assays using lymphoma cell lines. In conclusion, the activated ester prodrug approach results in efficient delivery of drugs to the intestinal lymphatic system, which could benefit patients affected by a large number of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Atheer Zgair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Anbar 31001, Iraq
| | - Jed Malec
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; DMPK, Evotec, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chaolong Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wanshan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manting Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xizhe Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Gregory Voronin
- Comparative Medicine Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Aimie E Garces
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chun Long Lau
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ting-Hoi Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amy Hume
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Elena Cipolla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy
| | - Hilary M Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Dong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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23
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Soukarieh F, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Systems as Drug Discovery Targets: Current Position and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10385-10402. [PMID: 29999316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to public health globally, manifested by the frequent emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens that render current chemotherapy inadequate. Health organizations worldwide have recognized the severity of this crisis and implemented action plans to contain its adverse consequences and prolong the utility of conventional antibiotics. Hence, there is a pressing need for new classes of antibacterial agents with novel modes of action. Quorum sensing (QS), a communication system employed by bacterial populations to coordinate virulence gene expression, is a potential target that has been intensively investigated over the past decade. This Perspective will focus on recent advances in targeting the three main quorum sensing systems ( las, rhl, and pqs) of a major opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and will specifically evaluate the medicinal chemistry strategies devised to develop QS inhibitors from a drug discovery perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , U.K
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24
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Conroy S, Kindon ND, Glenn J, Stoddart LA, Lewis RJ, Hill SJ, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Correction to Synthesis and Evaluation of the First Fluorescent Antagonists of the Human P2Y 2 Receptor Based on AR-C118925. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4272. [PMID: 29688707 PMCID: PMC8154552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Skilling KJ, Stocks MJ, Kellam B, Ashford M, Bradshaw TD, Burroughs L, Marlow M. Nucleoside-Based Self-Assembling Drugs for Localized Drug Delivery. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1098-1101. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech; AstraZeneca; Macclesfield UK
| | | | | | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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26
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Conroy S, Kindon ND, Glenn J, Stoddart LA, Lewis RJ, Hill SJ, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of the First Fluorescent Antagonists of the Human P2Y 2 Receptor Based on AR-C118925. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3089-3113. [PMID: 29558126 PMCID: PMC6026847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
human P2Y2 receptor (hP2Y2R)
is a G-protein-coupled receptor that shows promise as a therapeutic
target for many important conditions, including for antimetastatic
cancer and more recently for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. As such,
there is a need for new hP2Y2R antagonists
and molecular probes to study this receptor. Herein, we report the
development of a new series of non-nucleotide hP2Y2R antagonists, based on the known, non-nucleotide hP2Y2R antagonist AR-C118925 (1),
leading to the discovery of a series of fluorescent ligands containing
different linkers and fluorophores. One of these conjugates, 98, displayed micromolar affinity for hP2Y2R (pKd = 6.32 ± 0.10, n = 17) in a bioluminescence-energy-transfer (BRET) assay.
Confocal microscopy with this ligand revealed displaceable membrane
labeling of astrocytoma cells expressing untagged hP2Y2R. These properties make 98 one of the
first tools for studying hP2Y2R distribution
and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Conroy
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Jacqueline Glenn
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Mölndal, Gothenburg 431 83 , Sweden
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors , University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham , the Midlands NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University Park Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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27
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Citossi F, Smith T, Lee JB, Segal J, Gershkovich P, Stocks MJ, Bradshaw TD, Kellam B, Marlow M. Self-Assembling Benzothiazole-Based Gelators: A Mechanistic Understanding of in Vitro Bioactivation and Gelation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1578-1586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Citossi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Thomas Smith
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joel Segal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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28
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Kuruppu AI, Stocks MJ, Bradshaw TD. Abstract P1-03-11: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-03-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- AI Kuruppu
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - MJ Stocks
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - TD Bradshaw
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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29
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Soukarieh F, Vico Oton E, Dubern JF, Gomes J, Halliday N, de Pilar Crespo M, Ramírez-Prada J, Insuasty B, Abonia R, Quiroga J, Heeb S, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M. In Silico and in Vitro-Guided Identification of Inhibitors of Alkylquinolone-Dependent Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2018; 23:E257. [PMID: 29382099 PMCID: PMC6017655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis, wound and nosocomial infections, posing a serious burden to public health, due to its antibiotic resistance. The P. aeruginosa Pseudomonas Quinolone System (pqs) quorum sensing system, driven by the activation of the transcriptional regulator, PqsR (MvfR) by alkylquinolone (AQ) signal molecules, is a key player in the regulation of virulence and a potential target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this study, we performed in silico docking analysis, coupled with screening using a P. aeruginosa mCTX::PpqsA-lux chromosomal promoter fusion, to identify a series of new PqsR antagonists. The hit compounds inhibited pyocyanin and alkylquinolone signal molecule production in P. aeruginosa PAO1-L and PA14 strains. The inhibitor Ia, which showed the highest activity in PA14, reduced biofilm formation in PAO1-L and PA14, increasing their sensitivity to tobramycin. Furthermore, the hepatic and plasma stabilities for these compounds were determined in both rat and human in vitro microsomal assays, to gain a further understanding of their therapeutic potential. This work has uncovered a new class of P. aeruginosa PqsR antagonists with potential for hit to lead optimisation in the search for quorum sensing inhibitors for future anti-infective drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Eduard Vico Oton
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Janice Gomes
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Nigel Halliday
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Maria de Pilar Crespo
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle and Departamento of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali AA 760035, Colombia;
| | - Jonathan Ramírez-Prada
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali AA 25360, Colombia; (J.R.-P.); (B.I.); (R.A.); (J.Q.)
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali AA 25360, Colombia; (J.R.-P.); (B.I.); (R.A.); (J.Q.)
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali AA 25360, Colombia; (J.R.-P.); (B.I.); (R.A.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali AA 25360, Colombia; (J.R.-P.); (B.I.); (R.A.); (J.Q.)
| | - Stephan Heeb
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (F.S.); (E.V.O.); (J.-F.D.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (S.H.); (P.W.)
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30
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Kindon N, Davis A, Dougall I, Dixon J, Johnson T, Walters I, Thom S, McKechnie K, Meghani P, Stocks MJ. From UTP to AR-C118925, the discovery of a potent non nucleotide antagonist of the P2Y 2 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4849-4853. [PMID: 28958619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor, activated by ATP and UTP has been reported as a potential drug target for a wide range of important clinical conditions, such as tumor metastasis, kidney disorders, and in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, pharmacological studies on this receptor have been impeded by the limited reported availability of stable, potent and selective P2Y2R antagonists. This article describes the design and synthesis of AR-C118925, a potent and selective non-nucleotide antagonist of the P2Y2 receptor discovered using the endogenous P2Y2R agonist UTP as the chemical starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kindon
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
| | - Andrew Davis
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Iain Dougall
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - John Dixon
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Timothy Johnson
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Iain Walters
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Steve Thom
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | | | - Premji Meghani
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
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31
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Kindon N, Andrews G, Baxter A, Cheshire D, Hemsley P, Johnson T, Liu YZ, McGinnity D, McHale M, Mete A, Reuberson J, Roberts B, Steele J, Teobald B, Unitt J, Vaughan D, Walters I, Stocks MJ. Discovery of AZD-2098 and AZD-1678, Two Potent and Bioavailable CCR4 Receptor Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:981-986. [PMID: 28947948 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
N-(5-Bromo-3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl)-5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamide 1 was identified as a hit in a CCR4 receptor antagonist high-throughput screen (HTS) of a subset of the AstraZeneca compound bank. As a hit with a lead-like profile, it was an excellent starting point for a CCR4 receptor antagonist program and enabled the rapid progression through the Lead Identification and Lead Optimization phases resulting in the discovery of two bioavailable CCR4 receptor antagonist candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kindon
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Glen Andrews
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Baxter
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - David Cheshire
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Paul Hemsley
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Timothy Johnson
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Yu-Zhen Liu
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Dermot McGinnity
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Mark McHale
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Antonio Mete
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - James Reuberson
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Bryan Roberts
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Steele
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative
Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden
1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Barry Teobald
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Unitt
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Deborah Vaughan
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Iain Walters
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, U.K
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32
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Schwehm C, Kellam B, Garces AE, Hill SJ, Kindon ND, Bradshaw TD, Li J, Macdonald SJF, Rowedder JE, Stoddart LA, Stocks MJ. Design and Elaboration of a Tractable Tricyclic Scaffold To Synthesize Druglike Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4), Antagonists of the C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5), and Highly Potent and Selective Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase δ (PI3Kδ) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1534-1554. [PMID: 28128944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel molecular scaffold has been synthesized, and its incorporation into new analogues of biologically active molecules across multiple target classes will be discussed. In these studies, we have shown use of the tricyclic scaffold to synthesize potent inhibitors of the serine peptidase DPP-4, antagonists of the CCR5 receptor, and highly potent and selective PI3K δ isoform inhibitors. We also describe the predicted physicochemical properties of the resulting inhibitors and conclude that the tractable molecular scaffold could have potential application in future drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schwehm
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Aimie E Garces
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Institute of Cell Signalling, Medical School, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jin Li
- Hitgen Ltd. , F7-10, Building B3, Tianfu Life Science Park, 88 South Kayuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610041
| | - Simon J F Macdonald
- GlaxoSmithKline , Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James E Rowedder
- GlaxoSmithKline , Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Institute of Cell Signalling, Medical School, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham , Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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33
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Abstract
P2Y receptors are expressed in virtually all cells and tissue types and mediate an astonishing array of biological functions, including platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and immune regulation. The P2Y receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are composed of eight members encoded by distinct genes that can be subdivided into two groups on the basis of their coupling to specific G-proteins. Extensive research has been undertaken to find modulators of P2Y receptors, although to date only a limited number of small-molecule P2Y receptor antagonists have been approved by drug/medicines agencies. This Perspective reviews the known P2Y receptor antagonists, highlighting oral drug-like receptor antagonists, and considers future opportunities for the development of small molecules for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Conroy
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nicholas Kindon
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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34
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Marlow M, Al-Ameedee M, Smith T, Wheeler S, Stocks MJ. Linifanib--a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a low molecular weight gelator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6384-7. [PMID: 25761611 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that linifanib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with a key urea containing pharmacophore, self-assembles into a hydrogel in the presence of low amounts of solvent. We demonstrate the role of the urea functional group and that of fluorine substitution on the adjacent aromatic ring in promoting self-assembly. We have also shown that linifanib has superior mechanical strength to two structurally related analogues and hence increased potential for localisation at an injection site for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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35
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Schwehm C, Li J, Song H, Hu X, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Synthesis of New DPP-4 Inhibitors Based on a Novel Tricyclic Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:324-8. [PMID: 25815154 DOI: 10.1021/ml500503n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel molecular scaffold has been synthesized, and its synthesis and incorporation into new analogues of biologically active molecules will be discussed. A comparison of the inhibitory activity of these compounds to the known type-2 diabetes compound (sitagliptin) against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) will be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schwehm
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jin Li
- Hitgen Ltd., F7-10, Building B3, Tianfu Life Science Park, 88 South Kayuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Hitgen Ltd., F7-10, Building B3, Tianfu Life Science Park, 88 South Kayuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Hitgen Ltd., F7-10, Building B3, Tianfu Life Science Park, 88 South Kayuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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36
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Schwehm C, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Preparation and structural analysis of (±)-cis-ethyl 2-sulfanylidenedecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate and (±)-trans-ethyl 2-oxooctahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:1161-8. [DOI: 10.1107/s205322961402436x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bicycle ring closure on a mixture of (4aS,8aR)- and (4aR,8aS)-ethyl 2-oxodecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate, followed by conversion of the separatedcisandtransisomers to the corresponding thioamide derivatives, gave (4aSR,8aRS)-ethyl 2-sulfanylidenedecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate, C11H18N2O2S. Structural analysis of this thioamide revealed a structure with two crystallographically independent conformers per asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). The reciprocal bicycle ring closure on (3aRS,7aRS)-ethyl 2-oxooctahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate, C10H16N2O3, was also accomplished in good overall yield. Here the five-membered ring is disordered over two positions, so that both enantiomers are represented in the asymmetric unit. The compounds act as key intermediates towards the synthesis of potential new polycyclic medicinal chemical structures.
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37
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Dixon J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Young A. Discovery of AZD3199, An Inhaled Ultralong Acting β2 Receptor Agonist with Rapid Onset of Action. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:416-21. [PMID: 24900851 DOI: 10.1021/ml4005232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dibasic des-hydroxy β2 receptor agonists has been prepared and evaluated for potential as inhaled ultralong acting bronchodilators. Determination of activities at the human β-adrenoreceptors demonstrated a series of highly potent and selective β2 receptor agonists that were progressed to further study in a guinea pig histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model. Following further assessment by onset studies in guinea pig tracheal rings and human bronchial rings contracted with methacholine (guinea pigs) or carbachol (humans), duration of action studies in guinea pigs after intratracheal (i.t.) administration and further selectivity and safety profiling AZD3199 was shown to have an excellent over all profile and was progressed into clinical evaluation as a new ultralong acting inhaled β2 receptor agonist with rapid onset of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Roger Bonnert
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Jadeen Christie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Dixon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Connolly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alice Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alexander Humphries
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Ingall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Jordan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alex Mullen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - David Nicholls
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stuart Paine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
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Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Cadogan E, Connolly S, Jewell R, Jordan S, Kindon N, Lister A, Lawson M, Mullen A, Dainty I, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Stocks MJ, Thorne P, Young A. From libraries to candidate: the discovery of new ultra long-acting dibasic β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:689-95. [PMID: 22079756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Libraries of dibasic compounds designed around the molecular scaffold of the DA(2)/β(2) dual agonist sibenadet (Viozan™) have yielded a number of promising starting points that have been further optimised into novel potent and selective target molecules with required pharmacokinetic properties. From a shortlist, 31 was discovered as a novel, high potency, and highly efficacious β(2)-agonist with high selectivity and a duration of action commensurable with once daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, UK.
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Connolly S, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Cadogan E, Christie J, Cook AR, Fisher AJ, Hill S, Humphries A, Ingall AH, Kane Z, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Stocks MJ, Young A. Design-driven LO: The discovery of new ultra long acting dibasic β2-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4612-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Hill S, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, St-Gallay S, Young A. Design driven HtL: The discovery and synthesis of new high efficacy β 2 -agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4027-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bowers K, Donald D, Edwards H, Hunt F, Kindon N, Pairaudeau G, Theaker J, Warner DJ. The discovery of new spirocyclic muscarinic M3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7458-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Roberts B, Liptrot D, Alcaraz L, Luker T, Stocks MJ. Molybdenum-Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Halides with Nucleophiles Using Microwave Irradiation. Org Lett 2010; 12:4280-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1016965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - David Liptrot
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Luker
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Department of Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom
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Guile SD, Alcaraz L, Birkinshaw TN, Bowers KC, Ebden MR, Furber M, Stocks MJ. ChemInform Abstract: Antagonists of the P2X7Receptor. From Lead Identification to Drug Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200936240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guile SD, Alcaraz L, Birkinshaw TN, Bowers KC, Ebden MR, Furber M, Stocks MJ. Antagonists of the P2X(7) receptor. From lead identification to drug development. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3123-41. [PMID: 19191585 DOI: 10.1021/jm801528x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Guile
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, LE11 5RH, UK.
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Stocks MJ, Barber S, Ford R, Leroux F, St-Gallay S, Teague S, Xue Y. Structure-driven HtL: design and synthesis of novel aminoindazole inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3459-62. [PMID: 15950471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new series of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors are reported. The novel series of substituted amino indazoles were designed based on a combination of hits from high-throughput screening and X-ray crystal structure information of the compounds crystallised into the JNK-1 ATP binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough LE11 5RH, UK.
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Abstract
An efficient one-pot, three-component synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles has been developed, utilizing a wide range of substituted primary amines and acyl hydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leics LE11 5RH, United Kingdom.
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Teague SJ, Cooper ME, Stocks MJ. Synthesis of FK506-Cyclosporin hybrid macrocycles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00404-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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