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Klesser R, Blick T, Fritze MA, Marten A, Hemauer M, Kastner L, Höfer H, Jäger G, Husemann M. Ice cage: new records and cryptic, isolated lineages in wingless snow flies (Diptera, Limoniidae: Chionea spp.) in German lower mountain ranges. Naturwissenschaften 2024; 111:15. [PMID: 38478046 PMCID: PMC10937758 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In Earth's history warm and cold periods have alternated. Especially, during the Pleistocene, the alternation between these different climatic conditions has led to frequent range expansions and retractions of many species: while thermophilic species dispersed during warm periods, cold adapted species retracted to cold refugia and vice versa. After the last Pleistocene cycle many cold adapted taxa found refuges in relict habitats in mountain ranges. One example for such a cold adapted relict is the flightless snow fly Chionea araneoides (Dalman, 1816). It can be found in lower mountain ranges of Central Europe exclusively in stone runs and stony accumulations which provide cold microclimates. Imagines develop only in winter. They have strongly restricted ranges and hence experienced strong isolation predicting that local populations may show local adaptation and hence also genetic differentiation. We investigated this for several middle mountain ranges of Germany using the COI barcoding gene. Our analyses revealed two distinct lineages, one in the Bavarian Forest and a second one in all other more northern locations up to Scandinavia. These lineages likely go back to post-Pleistocene isolation and should be studied in more detail in the future, also to confirm the taxonomic status of both lineages. Further, we confirmed former records of the species for Germany and report new records for the federal states of Saxony, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. Finally, we provide the first evidence of two types of males for the species, a small and a larger male type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klesser
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, ztm, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Naturkundemuseum Leipzig, Lortzingstraße 3, D-04105, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Theo Blick
- Private researcher, Heidloh 8, D-95503, Hummeltal, Germany
| | - Michael-Andreas Fritze
- Arbeitsgruppe für Tierökologie und Planung GmbH, Johann-Strauß-Str. 22, 70794, Filderstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Marten
- Harz National Park, Lindenallee 35, D-38855, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Michael Hemauer
- Private researcher, Wallbergstraße 20, D-81539, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Kastner
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hubert Höfer
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gero Jäger
- Private researcher, Fuldatalstraße 55, D-34125, Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Husemann
- Leibniz Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, ztm, Zoologisches Museum Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstr. 13, D-76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
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