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Deng ZD, Argyelan M, Miller J, Jones TR, Upston J, McClintock SM, Abbott CC. On assumptions and key issues in electric field modeling for ECT. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02567-9. [PMID: 38671213 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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2
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Abbott CC, Miller J, Farrar D, Argyelan M, Lloyd M, Squillaci T, Kimbrell B, Ryman S, Jones TR, Upston J, Quinn DK, Peterchev AV, Erhardt E, Datta A, McClintock SM, Deng ZD. Amplitude-determined seizure-threshold, electric field modeling, and electroconvulsive therapy antidepressant and cognitive outcomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:640-648. [PMID: 38212442 PMCID: PMC10876627 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) pulse amplitude, which dictates the induced electric field (E-field) magnitude in the brain, is presently fixed at 800 or 900 milliamperes (mA) without clinical or scientific rationale. We have previously demonstrated that increased E-field strength improves ECT's antidepressant effect but worsens cognitive outcomes. Amplitude-determined seizure titration may reduce the E-field variability relative to fixed amplitude ECT. In this investigation, we assessed the relationships among amplitude-determined seizure-threshold (STa), E-field magnitude, and clinical outcomes in older adults (age range 50 to 80 years) with depression. Subjects received brain imaging, depression assessment, and neuropsychological assessment pre-, mid-, and post-ECT. STa was determined during the first treatment with a Soterix Medical 4×1 High Definition ECT Multi-channel Stimulation Interface (Investigation Device Exemption: G200123). Subsequent treatments were completed with right unilateral electrode placement (RUL) and 800 mA. We calculated Ebrain defined as the 90th percentile of E-field magnitude in the whole brain for RUL electrode placement. Twenty-nine subjects were included in the final analyses. Ebrain per unit electrode current, Ebrain/I, was associated with STa. STa was associated with antidepressant outcomes at the mid-ECT assessment and bitemporal electrode placement switch. Ebrain/I was associated with changes in category fluency with a large effect size. The relationship between STa and Ebrain/I extends work from preclinical models and provides a validation step for ECT E-field modeling. ECT with individualized amplitude based on E-field modeling or STa has the potential to enhance neuroscience-based ECT parameter selection and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Danielle Farrar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Megan Lloyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Taylor Squillaci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Brian Kimbrell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erik Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Shawn M McClintock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Bruin WB, Oltedal L, Bartsch H, Abbott C, Argyelan M, Barbour T, Camprodon J, Chowdhury S, Espinoza R, Mulders P, Narr K, Oudega M, Rhebergen D, Ten Doesschate F, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, van Exel E, van Verseveld M, Wade B, van Waarde J, Zhutovsky P, Dols A, van Wingen G. Development and validation of a multimodal neuroimaging biomarker for electroconvulsive therapy outcome in depression: a multicenter machine learning analysis. Psychol Med 2024; 54:495-506. [PMID: 37485692 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective intervention for patients with treatment resistant depression. A clinical decision support tool could guide patient selection to improve the overall response rate and avoid ineffective treatments with adverse effects. Initial small-scale, monocenter studies indicate that both structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) biomarkers may predict ECT outcome, but it is not known whether those results can generalize to data from other centers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate neuroimaging biomarkers for ECT outcome in a multicenter setting. METHODS Multimodal data (i.e. clinical, sMRI and resting-state fMRI) were collected from seven centers of the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC). We used data from 189 depressed patients to evaluate which data modalities or combinations thereof could provide the best predictions for treatment remission (HAM-D score ⩽7) using a support vector machine classifier. RESULTS Remission classification using a combination of gray matter volume and functional connectivity led to good performing models with average 0.82-0.83 area under the curve (AUC) when trained and tested on samples coming from the three largest centers (N = 109), and remained acceptable when validated using leave-one-site-out cross-validation (0.70-0.73 AUC). CONCLUSIONS These results show that multimodal neuroimaging data can be used to predict remission with ECT for individual patients across different treatment centers, despite significant variability in clinical characteristics across centers. Future development of a clinical decision support tool applying these biomarkers may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Benjamin Bruin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Tracy Barbour
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan Camprodon
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samadrita Chowdhury
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Departments of Neurology, and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mardien Oudega
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Mental Health Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Ten Doesschate
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate, Department of Psychiatry, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Exel
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Paul Zhutovsky
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Rubio JM, Lencz T, Cao H, Kraguljac N, Dhamala E, Homan P, Horga G, Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Gallego J, Cholewa J, Barber A, Kane JM, Malhotra AK. Replication of a neuroimaging biomarker for striatal dysfunction in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02381-9. [PMID: 38177349 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To bring biomarkers closer to clinical application, they should be generalizable, reliable, and maintain performance within the constraints of routine clinical conditions. The functional striatal abnormalities (FSA), is among the most advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in schizophrenia, trained to discriminate diagnosis, with post-hoc analyses indicating prognostic properties. Here, we attempt to replicate its diagnostic capabilities measured by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operator characteristic curves discriminating individuals with psychosis (n = 101) from healthy controls (n = 51) in the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis. We also measured the test-retest (run 1 vs 2) and phase encoding direction (i.e., AP vs PA) reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Additionally, we measured effects of scan length on classification accuracy (i.e., AUCs) and reliability (i.e., ICCs). Finally, we tested the prognostic capability of the FSA by the correlation between baseline scores and symptom improvement over 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in a separate cohort (n = 97). Similar analyses were conducted for the Yeo networks intrinsic connectivity as a reference. The FSA had good/excellent diagnostic discrimination (AUC = 75.4%, 95% CI = 67.0-83.3%; in non-affective psychosis AUC = 80.5%, 95% CI = 72.1-88.0%, and in affective psychosis AUC = 58.7%, 95% CI = 44.2-72.0%). Test-retest reliability ranged between ICC = 0.48 (95% CI = 0.35-0.59) and ICC = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.06-0.36), which was comparable to that of networks intrinsic connectivity. Phase encoding direction reliability for the FSA was ICC = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.42-0.59), generally lower than for networks intrinsic connectivity. By increasing scan length from 2 to 10 min, diagnostic classification of the FSA increased from AUC = 71.7% (95% CI = 63.1-80.3%) to 75.4% (95% CI = 67.0-83.3%) and phase encoding direction reliability from ICC = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.14-0.43) to ICC = 0.51 (95% CI = 0.42-0.59). FSA scores did not correlate with symptom improvement. These results reassure that the FSA is a generalizable diagnostic - but not prognostic - biomarker. Given the replicable results of the FSA as a diagnostic biomarker trained on case-control datasets, next the development of prognostic biomarkers should be on treatment-response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Rubio
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Todd Lencz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elvisha Dhamala
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Gallego
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Cholewa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Barber
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Verdijk JPAJ, van de Mortel LA, Ten Doesschate F, Pottkämper JCM, Stuiver S, Bruin WB, Abbott CC, Argyelan M, Ousdal OT, Bartsch H, Narr K, Tendolkar I, Calhoun V, Lukemire J, Guo Y, Oltedal L, van Wingen G, van Waarde JA. Longitudinal resting-state network connectivity changes in electroconvulsive therapy patients compared to healthy controls. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:140-147. [PMID: 38101469 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for major depressive episodes. Understanding of underlying mechanisms has been increased by examining changes of brain connectivity but studies often do not correct for test-retest variability in healthy controls (HC). In this study, we investigated changes in resting-state networks after ECT in a multicenter study. METHODS Functional resting-state magnetic resonance imaging data, acquired before start and within one week after ECT, from 90 depressed patients were analyzed, as well as longitudinal data of 24 HC. Group-information guided independent component analysis (GIG-ICA) was used to spatially restrict decomposition to twelve canonical resting-state networks. Selected networks of interest were the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and left and right frontoparietal network (LFPN, and RFPN). Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses were used to assess group differences at baseline, group by time interactions, and correlations with treatment effectiveness. In addition, between-network connectivity and within-network strengths were computed. RESULTS Within-network strength of the DMN was lower at baseline in ECT patients which increased after ECT compared to HC, after which no differences were detected. At baseline, ECT patients showed lower whole-brain voxel-wise DMN connectivity in the precuneus. Increase of within-network strength of the LFPN was correlated with treatment effectiveness. We did not find whole-brain voxel-wise or between-network changes. CONCLUSION DMN within-network connectivity normalized after ECT. Within-network increase of the LFPN in ECT patients was correlated with higher treatment effectiveness. In contrast to earlier studies, we found no whole-brain voxel-wise changes, which highlights the necessity to account for test-retest effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey P A J Verdijk
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Laurens A van de Mortel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Freek Ten Doesschate
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia C M Pottkämper
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Stuiver
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Willem B Bruin
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher C Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olga T Ousdal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) Center, Emory University, USA
| | - Joshua Lukemire
- Emory Center for Biomedical Imaging Statistics, Emory University, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Emory Center for Biomedical Imaging Statistics, Emory University, USA
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A van Waarde
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, the Netherlands
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6
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Argyelan M, Deng ZD, Ousdal OT, Oltedal L, Angulo B, Baradits M, Spitzberg AJ, Kessler U, Sartorius A, Dols A, Narr KL, Espinoza R, van Waarde JA, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, van Wingen GA, Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Jorgensen MB, Jorgensen A, Paulson OB, Yrondi A, Péran P, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Cano M, van Diermen L, Schrijvers D, Belge JB, Emsell L, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M, Kiebs M, Hurlemann R, Mulders PC, Redlich R, Dannlowski U, Kavakbasi E, Kritzer MD, Ellard KK, Camprodon JA, Petrides G, Malhotra AK, Abbott CC. Correction: Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02358-8. [PMID: 38052984 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brian Angulo
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mate Baradits
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hungary
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin B Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiological Research Unit Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, Fondation Fondamental, CHU Toulouse, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Univerité de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Univeristé de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cano
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linda van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Psychiatric Center Bethanie, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, 2980, Zoersel, Belgium
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel, 2570, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Emsell
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maximilian Kiebs
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Cr Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Erhan Kavakbasi
- Department of Mental Health, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anil K Malhotra
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
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Calarco N, Oliver LD, Joseph M, Hawco C, Dickie EW, DeRosse P, Gold JM, Foussias G, Argyelan M, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN. Multivariate Associations Among White Matter, Neurocognition, and Social Cognition Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1518-1529. [PMID: 36869812 PMCID: PMC10686342 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Neurocognitive and social cognitive abilities are important contributors to functional outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). An unanswered question of considerable interest is whether neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits arise from overlapping or distinct white matter impairment(s). STUDY DESIGN We sought to fill this gap, by harnessing a large sample of individuals from the multi-center Social Processes Initiative in the Neurobiology of the Schizophrenia(s) (SPINS) dataset, unique in its collection of advanced diffusion imaging and an extensive battery of cognitive assessments. We applied canonical correlation analysis to estimates of white matter microstructure, and cognitive performance, across people with and without an SSD. STUDY RESULTS Our results established that white matter circuitry is dimensionally and strongly related to both neurocognition and social cognition, and that microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus and the rostral body of the corpus callosum may assume a "privileged role" subserving both. Further, we found that participant-wise estimates of white matter microstructure, weighted by cognitive performance, were largely consistent with participants' categorical diagnosis, and predictive of (cross-sectional) functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated strength of the relationship between white matter circuitry and neurocognition and social cognition underscores the potential for using relationships among these variables to identify biomarkers of functioning, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navona Calarco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Joseph
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Division of Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Argyelan M, Deng ZD, Ousdal OT, Oltedal L, Angulo B, Baradits M, Spitzberg AJ, Kessler U, Sartorius A, Dols A, Narr KL, Espinoza R, van Waarde JA, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, van Wingen GA, Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Jorgensen MB, Jorgensen A, Paulson OB, Yrondi A, Péran P, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Cano M, van Diermen L, Schrijvers D, Belge JB, Emsell L, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M, Kiebs M, Hurlemann R, Mulders PC, Redlich R, Dannlowski U, Kavakbasi E, Kritzer MD, Ellard KK, Camprodon JA, Petrides G, Malhotra AK, Abbott CC. Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02318-2. [PMID: 37985787 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurostimulation is a mainstream treatment option for major depression. Neuromodulation techniques apply repetitive magnetic or electrical stimulation to some neural target but significantly differ in their invasiveness, spatial selectivity, mechanism of action, and efficacy. Despite these differences, recent analyses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS)-treated individuals converged on a common neural network that might have a causal role in treatment response. We set out to investigate if the neuronal underpinnings of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are similarly associated with this causal depression network (CDN). Our aim here is to provide a comprehensive analysis in three cohorts of patients segregated by electrode placement (N = 246 with right unilateral, 79 with bitemporal, and 61 with mixed) who underwent ECT. We conducted a data-driven, unsupervised multivariate neuroimaging analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the cortical and subcortical volume changes and electric field (EF) distribution to explore changes within the CDN associated with antidepressant outcomes. Despite the different treatment modalities (ECT vs TMS and DBS) and methodological approaches (structural vs functional networks), we found a highly similar pattern of change within the CDN in the three cohorts of patients (spatial similarity across 85 regions: r = 0.65, 0.58, 0.40, df = 83). Most importantly, the expression of this pattern correlated with clinical outcomes (t = -2.35, p = 0.019). This evidence further supports that treatment interventions converge on a CDN in depression. Optimizing modulation of this network could serve to improve the outcome of neurostimulation in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brian Angulo
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mate Baradits
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hungary
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin B Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiological Research Unit Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, Fondation Fondamental, CHU Toulouse, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Univerité de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Univeristé de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cano
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linda van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Psychiatric Center Bethanie, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, 2980, Zoersel, Belgium
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel, 2570, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Emsell
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maximilian Kiebs
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Cr Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Erhan Kavakbasi
- Department of Mental Health, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen K Ellard
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anil K Malhotra
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Behavioral Science, Manhasset, NY, USA
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
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9
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Dickie EW, Shahab S, Hawco C, Miranda D, Herman G, Argyelan M, Ji JL, Jeyachandra J, Anticevic A, Malhotra AK, Voineskos AN. Robust hierarchically organized whole-brain patterns of dysconnectivity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders observed after personalized intrinsic network topography. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5153-5166. [PMID: 37605827 PMCID: PMC10502662 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial patterns of brain functional connectivity can vary substantially at the individual level. Applying cortical surface-based approaches with individualized rather than group templates may accelerate the discovery of biological markers related to psychiatric disorders. We investigated cortico-subcortical networks from multi-cohort data in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and healthy controls (HC) using individualized connectivity profiles. METHODS We utilized resting-state and anatomical MRI data from n = 406 participants (n = 203 SSD, n = 203 HC) from four cohorts. Functional timeseries were extracted from previously defined intrinsic network subregions of the striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum as well as 80 cortical regions of interest, representing six intrinsic networks using (1) volume-based approaches, (2) a surface-based group atlas approaches, and (3) Personalized Intrinsic Network Topography (PINT). RESULTS The correlations between all cortical networks and the expected subregions of the striatum, cerebellum, and thalamus were increased using a surface-based approach (Cohen's D volume vs. surface 0.27-1.00, all p < 10-6 ) and further increased after PINT (Cohen's D surface vs. PINT 0.18-0.96, all p < 10-4 ). In SSD versus HC comparisons, we observed robust patterns of dysconnectivity that were strengthened using a surface-based approach and PINT (Number of differing pairwise-correlations: volume: 404, surface: 570, PINT: 628, FDR corrected). CONCLUSION Surface-based and individualized approaches can more sensitively delineate cortical network dysconnectivity differences in people with SSDs. These robust patterns of dysconnectivity were visibly organized in accordance with the cortical hierarchy, as predicted by computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W. Dickie
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioUSA
| | - Saba Shahab
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioUSA
| | - Dayton Miranda
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gabrielle Herman
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside HospitalGlen CoveNew YorkUSA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNew YorkUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNew YorkUSA
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jerrold Jeyachandra
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside HospitalGlen CoveNew YorkUSA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNew YorkUSA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNew YorkUSA
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Center for Addiction and Mental HealthCampbell Family Mental Health ResearchTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioUSA
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10
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Argyelan M, Fenoy AJ. Objective Measure of a Subjective Experience: A Real-Time Biomarker of Mood Status? Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:438-439. [PMID: 37611982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York.
| | - Albert J Fenoy
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
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11
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Cao H, Barber AD, Rubio JM, Argyelan M, Gallego JA, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Effects of phase encoding direction on test-retest reliability of human functional connectome. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120238. [PMID: 37364743 PMCID: PMC10529794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of human connectome studies in the literature based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data use either an anterior-to-posterior (AP) or a posterior-to-anterior (PA) phase encoding direction (PED). However, whether and how PED would affect test-retest reliability of functional connectome is unclear. Here, in a sample of healthy subjects with two sessions of fMRI scans separated by 12 weeks (two runs per session, one with AP, the other with PA), we tested the influence of PED on global, nodal, and edge connectivity in the constructed brain networks. All data underwent the state-of-the-art Human Connectome Project (HCP) pipeline to correct for phase-encoding-related distortions before entering analysis. We found that at the global level, the PA scans showed significantly higher intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for global connectivity compared with AP scans, which was particularly prominent when using the Seitzman-300 atlas (versus the CAB-NP-718 atlas). At the nodal level, regions most strongly affected by PED were consistently mapped to the cingulate cortex, temporal lobe, sensorimotor areas, and visual areas, with significantly higher ICCs during PA scans compared with AP scans, regardless of atlas. Better ICCs were also observed during PA scans at the edge level, in particular when global signal regression (GSR) was not performed. Further, we demonstrated that the observed reliability differences between PEDs may relate to a similar effect on the reliability of temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) in the same regions (that PA scans were associated with higher reliability of tSNR than AP scans). Averaging the connectivity outcome from the AP and PA scans could increase median ICCs, especially at the nodal and edge levels. Similar results at the global and nodal levels were replicated in an independent, public dataset from the HCP-Early Psychosis (HCP-EP) study with a similar design but a much shorter scan session interval. Our findings suggest that PED has significant effects on the reliability of connectomic estimates in fMRI studies. We urge that these effects need to be carefully considered in future neuroimaging designs, especially in longitudinal studies such as those related to neurodevelopment or clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
| | - Anita D Barber
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jose M Rubio
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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12
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Rubio J, Lencz T, Cao H, Kraguljac N, Dhamala E, Homan P, Horga G, Sarpal D, Argyelan M, Gallego J, Cholewa J, Barber A, Kane J, Maholtra A. Replication of a neuroimaging biomarker for striatal dysfunction in psychosis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3185688. [PMID: 37609149 PMCID: PMC10441472 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185688/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
To bring biomarkers closer to clinical application, they should be generalizable, reliable, and maintain performance within the constraints of routine clinical conditions. The functional striatal abnormalities (FSA), is among the most advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in schizophrenia, trained to discriminate diagnosis, with post-hoc analyses indicating prognostic properties. Here, we attempt to replicate its diagnostic capabilities measured by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operator characteristic curves discriminating individuals with psychosis (n=101) from healthy controls (n=51) in the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis. We also measured the test-retest (run 1 vs 2) and phase encoding direction (i.e., AP vs PA) reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Additionally, we measured effects of scan length on classification accuracy (i.e., AUCs) and reliability (i.e., ICCs). Finally, we tested the prognostic capability of the FSA by the correlation between baseline scores and symptom improvement over 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in a separate cohort (n=97). Similar analyses were conducted for the Yeo networks intrinsic connectivity as a reference. The FSA had good/excellent diagnostic discrimination (AUC=75.4%, 95%CI=67.0%-83.3%; in non-affective psychosis AUC=80.5%, 95%CI=72.1-88.0%, and in affective psychosis AUC=58.7%, 95%CI=44.2-72.0%). Test-retest reliability ranged between ICC=0.48 (95%CI=0.35-0.59) and ICC=0.22 (95%CI=0.06-0.36), which was comparable to that of networks intrinsic connectivity. Phase encoding direction reliability for the FSA was ICC=0.51 (95%CI=0.42-0.59), generally lower than for networks intrinsic connectivity. By increasing scan length from 2 to 10 minutes, diagnostic classification of the FSA increased from AUC=71.7% (95%CI=63.1%-80.3%) to 75.4% (95%CI=67.0%-83.3%) and phase encoding direction reliability from ICC=0.29 (95%CI=0.14-0.43) to ICC=0.51 (95%CI=0.42-0.59). FSA scores did not correlate with symptom improvement. These results reassure that the FSA is a generalizable diagnostic - but not prognostic - biomarker. Given the replicable results of the FSA as a diagnostic biomarker trained on case-control datasets, next the development of prognostic biomarkers should be on treatment-response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rubio
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes of Medical Research, Northwell Health
| | - Todd Lencz
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
| | - Hengyi Cao
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
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Rubio JM, Lencz T, Cao H, Kraguljac N, Dhamala E, Homan P, Horga G, Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Gallego J, Cholewa J, Barber A, Kane J, Malhotra A. Replication of a neuroimaging biomarker for striatal dysfunction in psychosis. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.17.23292779. [PMID: 37503088 PMCID: PMC10371185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.23292779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
To bring biomarkers closer to clinical application, they should be generalizable, reliable, and maintain performance within the constraints of routine clinical conditions. The functional striatal abnormalities (FSA), is among the most advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in schizophrenia, trained to discriminate diagnosis, with post-hoc analyses indicating prognostic properties. Here, we attempt to replicate its diagnostic capabilities measured by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operator characteristic curves discriminating individuals with psychosis (n=101) from healthy controls (n=51) in the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis. We also measured the test-retest (run 1 vs 2) and phase encoding direction (i.e., AP vs PA) reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Additionally, we measured effects of scan length on classification accuracy (i.e., AUCs) and reliability (i.e., ICCs). Finally, we tested the prognostic capability of the FSA by the correlation between baseline scores and symptom improvement over 12 weeks of antipsychotic treatment in a separate cohort (n=97). Similar analyses were conducted for the Yeo networks intrinsic connectivity as a reference. The FSA had good/excellent diagnostic discrimination (AUC=75.4%, 95%CI=67.0%-83.3%; in non-affective psychosis AUC=80.5%, 95%CI=72.1-88.0%, and in affective psychosis AUC=58.7%, 95%CI=44.2-72.0%). Test-retest reliability ranged between ICC=0.48 (95%CI=0.35-0.59) and ICC=0.22 (95%CI=0.06-0.36), which was comparable to that of networks intrinsic connectivity. Phase encoding direction reliability for the FSA was ICC=0.51 (95%CI=0.42-0.59), generally lower than for networks intrinsic connectivity. By increasing scan length from 2 to 10 minutes, diagnostic classification of the FSA increased from AUC=71.7% (95%CI=63.1%-80.3%) to 75.4% (95%CI=67.0%-83.3%) and phase encoding direction reliability from ICC=0.29 (95%CI=0.14-0.43) to ICC=0.51 (95%CI=0.42-0.59). FSA scores did not correlate with symptom improvement. These results reassure that the FSA is a generalizable diagnostic - but not prognostic - biomarker. Given the replicable results of the FSA as a diagnostic biomarker trained on case-control datasets, next the development of prognostic biomarkers should be on treatment-response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Rubio
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Nina Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elvisha Dhamala
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Juan Gallego
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - John Cholewa
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anita Barber
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - John Kane
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anil Malhotra
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University - Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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14
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Ten Doesschate F, Bruin W, Zeidman P, Abbott CC, Argyelan M, Dols A, Emsell L, van Eijndhoven PFP, van Exel E, Mulders PCR, Narr K, Tendolkar I, Rhebergen D, Sienaert P, Vandenbulcke M, Verdijk J, van Verseveld M, Bartsch H, Oltedal L, van Waarde JA, van Wingen GA. Effective resting-state connectivity in severe unipolar depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1128-1134. [PMID: 37517467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for severe depressive disorders. A recent multi-center study found no consistent changes in correlation-based (undirected) resting-state connectivity after ECT. Effective (directed) connectivity may provide more insight into the working mechanism of ECT. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether there are consistent changes in effective resting-state connectivity. METHODS This multi-center study included data from 189 patients suffering from severe unipolar depression and 59 healthy control participants. Longitudinal data were available for 81 patients and 24 healthy controls. We used dynamic causal modeling for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine effective connectivity in the default mode, salience and central executive networks before and after a course of ECT. Bayesian general linear models were used to examine differences in baseline and longitudinal effective connectivity effects associated with ECT and its effectiveness. RESULTS Compared to controls, depressed patients showed many differences in effective connectivity at baseline, which varied according to the presence of psychotic features and later treatment outcome. Additionally, effective connectivity changed after ECT, which was related to ECT effectiveness. Notably, treatment effectiveness was associated with decreasing and increasing effective connectivity from the posterior default mode network to the left and right insula, respectively. No effects were found using correlation-based (undirected) connectivity. CONCLUSIONS A beneficial response to ECT may depend on how brain regions influence each other in networks important for emotion and cognition. These findings further elucidate the working mechanisms of ECT and may provide directions for future non-invasive brain stimulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Ten Doesschate
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Willem Bruin
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Christopher C Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annemieke Dols
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Emsell
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip F P van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van Exel
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C R Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Huispost 961, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joey Verdijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hauke Bartsch
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Deng ZD, Ousdal OT, Oltedal L, Angulo B, Baradits M, Spitzberg A, Kessler U, Sartorius A, Dols A, Narr K, Espinoza R, Van Waarde J, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, van Wingen G, Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Jorgensen M, Jorgensen A, Paulson O, Yrondi A, Peran P, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Cano M, van Diermen L, Schrijvers D, Belge JB, Emsell L, Bouckaert F, Vandenbulcke M, Kiebs M, Hurlemann R, Mulders P, Redlich R, Dannlowski U, Kavakbasi E, Kritzer M, Ellard K, Camprodon J, Petrides G, Maholtra A, Abbott C, Argyelan M. Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2925196. [PMID: 37398308 PMCID: PMC10312966 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2925196/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurostimulation is a mainstream treatment option for major depression. Neuromodulation techniques apply repetitive magnetic or electrical stimulation to some neural target but significantly differ in their invasiveness, spatial selectivity, mechanism of action, and efficacy. Despite these differences, recent analyses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS)-treated individuals converged on a common neural network that might have a causal role in treatment response. We set out to investigate if the neuronal underpinnings of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are similarly associated with this common causal network (CCN). Our aim here is to provide a comprehensive analysis in three cohorts of patients segregated by electrode placement (N = 246 with right unilateral, 79 with bitemporal, and 61 with mixed) who underwent ECT. We conducted a data-driven, unsupervised multivariate neuroimaging analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) of the cortical and subcortical volume changes and electric field (EF) distribution to explore changes within the CCN associated with antidepressant outcomes. Despite the different treatment modalities (ECT vs TMS and DBS) and methodological approaches (structural vs functional networks), we found a highly similar pattern of change within the CCN in the three cohorts of patients (spatial similarity across 85 regions: r = 0.65, 0.58, 0.40, df = 83). Most importantly, the expression of this pattern correlated with clinical outcomes. This evidence further supports that treatment interventions converge on a CCN in depression. Optimizing modulation of this network could serve to improve the outcome of neurostimulation in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen
| | - Brian Angulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen
| | - Mate Baradits
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen
| | | | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen
| | | | - Annemiek Dols
- Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Katherine Narr
- Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Narcís Cardoner
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Sa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Hurlemann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster
| | - Peter Mulders
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster
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16
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Blanken MAJT, Oudega ML, Hoogendoorn AW, Sonnenberg CS, Rhebergen D, Klumpers UMH, Van Diermen L, Birkenhager T, Schrijvers D, Redlich R, Dannlowski U, Heindel W, Coenjaerts M, Nordanskog P, Oltedal L, Kessler U, Frid LM, Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Jorgensen MB, Jorgensen A, Bolwig T, Emsell L, Sienaert P, Bouckaert F, Abbott CC, Péran P, Arbus C, Yrondi A, Kiebs M, Philipsen A, van Waarde JA, Prinsen E, van Verseveld M, Van Wingen G, Ten Doesschate F, Camprodon JA, Kritzer M, Barbour T, Argyelan M, Cardoner N, Urretavizcaya M, Soriano-Mas C, Narr KL, Espinoza RT, Prudic J, Rowny S, van Eijndhoven P, Tendolkar I, Dols A. Sex-specifics of ECT outcome. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:243-248. [PMID: 36632848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD). Given the known sex differences in MDD, improved knowledge may provide more sex-specific recommendations in clinical guidelines and improve outcome. In the present study we examine sex differences in ECT outcome and its predictors. METHODS Clinical data from 20 independent sites participating in the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were obtained for analysis, totaling 500 patients with MDD (58.6 % women) with a mean age of 54.8 years. Severity of depression before and after ECT was assessed with validated depression scales. Remission was defined as a HAM-D score of 7 points or below after ECT. Variables associated with remission were selected based on literature (i.e. depression severity at baseline, age, duration of index episode, and presence of psychotic symptoms). RESULTS Remission rates of ECT were independent of sex, 48.0 % in women and 45.7 % in men (X2(1) = 0.2, p = 0.70). In the logistic regression analyses, a shorter index duration was identified as a sex-specific predictor for ECT outcome in women (X2(1) = 7.05, p = 0.01). The corresponding predictive margins did show overlapping confidence intervals for men and women. CONCLUSION The evidence provided by our study suggests that ECT as a biological treatment for MDD is equally effective in women and men. A shorter duration of index episode was an additional sex- specific predictor for remission in women. Future research should establish whether the confidence intervals for the corresponding predictive margins are overlapping, as we find, or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A J T Blanken
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M L Oudega
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health (Research Institute), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A W Hoogendoorn
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health (Research Institute), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C S Sonnenberg
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health (Research Institute), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ Parnassia NH, Specialized Mental Health Care, Castricum, the Netherlands
| | - D Rhebergen
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health (Research Institute), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ Centraal, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - U M H Klumpers
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health (Research Institute), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Van Diermen
- Psychiatric Center Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, 2980 Zoersel, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center (UPC) Duffel, Stationsstraat 22c, 2570 Duffel, Belgium
| | - T Birkenhager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Schrijvers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp. Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; University Psychiatric Center (UPC) Duffel, Stationsstraat 22c, 2570 Duffel, Belgium
| | - R Redlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Germany; Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster Germany, Germany
| | - U Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster Germany, Germany
| | - W Heindel
- Department of Radiology, University of Münster Germany, Germany
| | - M Coenjaerts
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Nordanskog
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Department of Psychiatry, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
| | - L Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L M Frid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M B Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Bolwig
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Emsell
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC) - KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - F Bouckaert
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - C C Abbott
- University of New Mexico Department of Psychiatry, 87131, United States of America
| | - P Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - C Arbus
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - A Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU Toulouse, Hospital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - M Kiebs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Section of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; School of Medicine & Health Sciences University Hospital Oldenburg at the Karl-Jaspers Clinic, Germany
| | - A Philipsen
- Section of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - G Van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Ten Doesschate
- Rijnstate Arnhem, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A Camprodon
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M Kritzer
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - T Barbour
- Massachusetts General Hospital, United States of America
| | - M Argyelan
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - N Cardoner
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Urretavizcaya
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K L Narr
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - R T Espinoza
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - J Prudic
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | - S Rowny
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | | | - I Tendolkar
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Dols
- Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Unal G, Poon C, FallahRad M, Thahsin M, Argyelan M, Bikson M. Quasi-static pipeline in electroconvulsive therapy computational modeling. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:607-618. [PMID: 36933652 PMCID: PMC10988926 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computational models of current flow during Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) rely on the quasi-static assumption, yet tissue impedance during ECT may be frequency specific and change adaptively to local electric field intensity. OBJECTIVES We systematically consider the application of the quasi-static pipeline to ECT under conditions where 1) static impedance is measured before ECT and 2) during ECT when dynamic impedance is measured. We propose an update to ECT modeling accounting for frequency-dependent impedance. METHODS The frequency content on an ECT device output is analyzed. The ECT electrode-body impedance under low-current conditions is measured with an impedance analyzer. A framework for ECT modeling under quasi-static conditions based on a single device-specific frequency (e.g., 1 kHz) is proposed. RESULTS Impedance using ECT electrodes under low-current is frequency dependent and subject specific, and can be approximated at >100 Hz with a subject-specific lumped parameter circuit model but at <100 Hz increased non-linearly. The ECT device uses a 2 μA 800 Hz test signal and reports a static impedance that approximate 1 kHz impedance. Combined with prior evidence suggesting that conductivity does not vary significantly across ECT output frequencies at high-currents (800-900 mA), we update the adaptive pipeline for ECT modeling centered at 1 kHz frequency. Based on individual MRI and adaptive skin properties, models match static impedance (at 2 μA) and dynamic impedance (at 900 mA) of four ECT subjects. CONCLUSIONS By considering ECT modeling at a single representative frequency, ECT adaptive and non-adaptive modeling can be rationalized under a quasi-static pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Cynthia Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamad FallahRad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myesha Thahsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore- Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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van de Mortel L, Bruin W, Thomas R, Abbott C, Argyelan M, van Eijndhoven P, Mulders P, Narr K, Tendolkar I, Verdijk J, van Waarde J, Bartsch H, Oltedal L, van Wingen G. Electroconvulsive therapy induced large-scale grey matter increases do not lead to any significant functional brain changes. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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19
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Unal G, Poon C, FallahRad M, Thahsin M, Argyelan M, Bikson M. Quasi-static assumption in electroconvulsive therapy computational modeling. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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20
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Lencz T, Moyett A, Argyelan M, Barber AD, Cholewa J, Birnbaum ML, Gallego JA, John M, Szeszko PR, Robinson DG, Malhotra AK. Frontal lobe fALFF measured from resting-state fMRI as a prognostic biomarker in first-episode psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2245-2251. [PMID: 36198875 PMCID: PMC9630308 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clinical response to antipsychotic drug treatment is highly variable, yet prognostic biomarkers are lacking. The goal of the present study was to test whether the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), as measured from baseline resting-state fMRI data, can serve as a potential biomarker of treatment response to antipsychotics. Patients in the first episode of psychosis (n = 126) were enrolled in two prospective studies employing second-generation antipsychotics (risperidone or aripiprazole). Patients were scanned at the initiation of treatment on a 3T MRI scanner (Study 1, GE Signa HDx, n = 74; Study 2, Siemens Prisma, n = 52). Voxelwise fALFF derived from baseline resting-state fMRI scans served as the primary measure of interest, providing a hypothesis-free (as opposed to region-of-interest) search for regions of the brain that might be predictive of response. At baseline, patients who would later meet strict criteria for clinical response (defined as two consecutive ratings of much or very much improved on the CGI, as well as a rating of ≤3 on psychosis-related items of the BPRS-A) demonstrated significantly greater baseline fALFF in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex compared to non-responders. Thus, spontaneous activity in orbitofrontal cortex may serve as a prognostic biomarker of antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Lencz
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Ashley Moyett
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Anita D Barber
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - John Cholewa
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Michael L Birnbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Majnu John
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Science, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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21
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Hawco C, Dickie EW, Herman G, Turner JA, Argyelan M, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN. A longitudinal multi-scanner multimodal human neuroimaging dataset. Sci Data 2022; 9:332. [PMID: 35701471 PMCID: PMC9198098 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuroimaging has led to an overwhelming amount of research into brain function in healthy and clinical populations. However, a better appreciation of the limitations of small sample studies has led to an increased number of multi-site, multi-scanner protocols to understand human brain function. As part of a multi-site project examining social cognition in schizophrenia, a group of "travelling human phantoms" had structural T1, diffusion, and resting-state functional MRIs obtained annually at each of three sites. Scan protocols were carefully harmonized across sites prior to the study. Due to scanner upgrades at each site (all sites acquired PRISMA MRIs during the study) and one participant being replaced, the end result was 30 MRI scans across 4 people, 6 MRIs, and 4 years. This dataset includes multiple neuroimaging modalities and repeated scans across six MRIs. It can be used to evaluate differences across scanners, consistency of pipeline outputs, or test multi-scanner harmonization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Herman
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Deng ZD, Argyelan M, Miller J, Quinn DK, Lloyd M, Jones TR, Upston J, Erhardt E, McClintock SM, Abbott CC. Electroconvulsive therapy, electric field, neuroplasticity, and clinical outcomes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1676-1682. [PMID: 34853404 PMCID: PMC9095458 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the gold-standard treatment for patients with depressive episodes, but the underlying mechanisms for antidepressant response and procedure-induced cognitive side effects have yet to be elucidated. Such mechanisms may be complex and involve certain ECT parameters and brain regions. Regarding parameters, the electrode placement (right unilateral or bitemporal) determines the geometric shape of the electric field (E-field), and amplitude determines the E-field magnitude in select brain regions (e.g., hippocampus). Here, we aim to determine the relationships between hippocampal E-field strength, hippocampal neuroplasticity, and antidepressant and cognitive outcomes. We used hippocampal E-fields and volumes generated from a randomized clinical trial that compared right unilateral electrode placement with different pulse amplitudes (600, 700, and 800 mA). Hippocampal E-field strength was variable but increased with each amplitude arm. We demonstrated a linear relationship between right hippocampal E-field and right hippocampal neuroplasticity. Right hippocampal neuroplasticity mediated right hippocampal E-field and antidepressant outcomes. In contrast, right hippocampal E-field was directly related to cognitive outcomes as measured by phonemic fluency. We used receiver operating characteristic curves to determine that the maximal right hippocampal E-field associated with cognitive safety was 112.5 V/m. Right hippocampal E-field strength was related to the whole-brain ratio of E-field strength per unit of stimulation current, but this whole-brain ratio was unrelated to antidepressant or cognitive outcomes. We discuss the implications of optimal hippocampal E-field dosing to maximize antidepressant outcomes and cognitive safety with individualized amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Megan Lloyd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erik Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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23
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Unal G, Swami J, Canela C, Cohen S, Khadka N, Rad M, Short B, Argyelan M, Sackeim H, Bikson M. Computational model of electroconvulsive therapy considering electric field dependent skin conductivity. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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24
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Argyelan M, Lencz T, Kang S, Ali S, Masi PJ, Moyett E, Joanlanne A, Watson P, Sanghani S, Petrides G, Malhotra AK. ECT-induced cognitive side effects are associated with hippocampal enlargement. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:516. [PMID: 34625534 PMCID: PMC8501017 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is of the most effective treatments available for treatment-resistant depression, yet it is underutilized in part due to its reputation of causing cognitive side effects in a significant number of patients. Despite intensive neuroimaging research on ECT in the past two decades, the underlying neurobiological correlates of cognitive side effects remain elusive. Because the primary ECT-related cognitive deficit is memory impairment, it has been suggested that the hippocampus may play a crucial role. In the current study, we investigated 29 subjects with longitudinal MRI and detailed neuropsychological testing in two independent cohorts (N = 15/14) to test if volume changes were associated with cognitive side effects. The two cohorts underwent somewhat different ECT study protocols reflected in electrode placements and the number of treatments. We used longitudinal freesurfer algorithms (6.0) to obtain a bias-free estimate of volume changes in the hippocampus and tested its relationship with neurocognitive score changes. As an exploratory analysis and to evaluate how specific the effects were to the hippocampus, we also calculated this relationship in 41 other areas. In addition, we also analyzed cognitive data from a group of healthy volunteers (N = 29) to assess practice effects. Our results supported the hypothesis that hippocampus enlargement was associated with worse cognitive outcomes, and this result was generalizable across two independent cohorts with different diagnoses, different electrode placements, and a different number of ECT sessions. We found, in both cohorts, that treatment robustly increased the volume size of the hippocampus (Cohort 1: t = 5.07, Cohort 2: t = 4.82; p < 0.001), and the volume increase correlated with the neurocognitive T-score change. (Cohort 1: r = -0.68, p = 0.005; Cohort 2: r = -0.58; p = 0.04). Overall, our research indicates that novel treatment methods serving to avoid hippocampal volume increase may result in a better side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA.
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Todd Lencz
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Simran Kang
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Sana Ali
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Masi
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Emily Moyett
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Joanlanne
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Philip Watson
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
| | - Sohag Sanghani
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Petrides
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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25
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Unal G, Swami JK, Canela C, Cohen SL, Khadka N, FallahRad M, Short B, Argyelan M, Sackeim HA, Bikson M. Adaptive current-flow models of ECT: Explaining individual static impedance, dynamic impedance, and brain current density. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1154-1168. [PMID: 34332156 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcomes have followed refinement in device electrical output and electrode montage. The physical properties of the ECT stimulus, together with those of the patient's head, determine the impedances measured by the device and govern current delivery to the brain and ECT outcomes. OBJECTIVE However, the precise relations among physical properties of the stimulus, patient head anatomy, and patient-specific impedance to the passage of current are long-standing questions in ECT research and practice. To this end, we develop a computational framework based on diverse clinical data sets. METHODS We developed anatomical MRI-derived models of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) that included changes in tissue conductivity due to local electrical current flow. These "adaptive" models simulate ECT both during therapeutic stimulation using high current (∼1 A) and when dynamic impedance is measured, as well as prior to stimulation when low current (∼1 mA) is used to measure static impedance. We modeled two scalp layers: a superficial scalp layer with adaptive conductivity that increases with electric field up to a subject-specific maximum (σSS¯), and a deep scalp layer with a subject-specific fixed conductivity (σDS). RESULTS We demonstrated that variation in these scalp parameters may explain clinical data on subject-specific static impedance and dynamic impedance, their imperfect correlation across subjects, their relationships to seizure threshold, and the role of head anatomy. Adaptive tES models demonstrated that current flow changes local tissue conductivity which in turn shapes current delivery to the brain in a manner not accounted for in fixed tissue conductivity models. CONCLUSIONS Our predictions that variation in individual skin properties, rather than other aspects of anatomy, largely govern the relationship between static impedance, dynamic impedance, and ECT current delivery to the brain, themselves depend on assumptions about tissue properties. Broadly, our novel modeling pipeline opens the door to explore how adaptive-scalp conductivity may impact transcutaneous electrical stimulation (tES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jaiti K Swami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carliza Canela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha L Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Niranjan Khadka
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Mohamad FallahRad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baron Short
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore- Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Harold A Sackeim
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Opel N, Narr KL, Abbott C, Argyelan M, Espinoza R, Emsell L, Bouckaert F, Sienaert P, Vandenbulcke M, Nordanskog P, Repple J, Kavakbasi E, Jorgensen MB, Paulson OB, Hanson LG, Dols A, van Exel E, Oudega ML, Takamiya A, Kishimoto T, Ousdal OT, Haavik J, Hammar Å, Oedegaard KJ, Kessler U, Bartsch H, Dale AM, Baune BT, Dannlowski U, Oltedal L, Redlich R. Elevated body weight modulates subcortical volume change and associated clinical response following electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E418-E426. [PMID: 34223741 PMCID: PMC8410473 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a frequent somatic comorbidity of major depression, and it has been associated with worse clinical outcomes and brain structural abnormalities. Converging evidence suggests that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces both clinical improvements and increased subcortical grey matter volume in patients with depression. However, it remains unknown whether increased body weight modulates the clinical response and structural neuroplasticity that occur with ECT. METHODS To address this question, we conducted a longitudinal investigation of structural MRI data from the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) in 223 patients who were experiencing a major depressive episode (10 scanning sites). Structural MRI data were acquired before and after ECT, and we assessed change in subcortical grey matter volume using FreeSurfer and Quarc. RESULTS Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with a significantly lower increase in subcortical grey matter volume following ECT. We observed significant negative associations between BMI and change in subcortical grey matter volume, with pronounced effects in the thalamus and putamen, where obese participants showed increases in grey matter volume that were 43.3% and 49.6%, respectively, of the increases found in participants with normal weight. As well, BMI significantly moderated the association between subcortical grey matter volume change and clinical response to ECT. We observed no significant association between BMI and clinical response to ECT. LIMITATIONS Because only baseline BMI values were available, we were unable to study BMI changes during ECT and their potential association with clinical and grey matter volume change. CONCLUSION Future studies should take into account the relevance of body weight as a modulator of structural neuroplasticity during ECT treatment and aim to further explore the functional relevance of this novel finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Opel
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Christopher Abbott
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Randall Espinoza
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Louise Emsell
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Jonathan Repple
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Erhan Kavakbasi
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Martin B. Jorgensen
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Olaf B. Paulson
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Lars G. Hanson
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Annemieke Dols
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Eric van Exel
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Mardien L. Oudega
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Jan Haavik
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Åsa Hammar
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Ketil Joachim Oedegaard
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Ute Kessler
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Anders M. Dale
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Leif Oltedal
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
| | - Ronny Redlich
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Opel, Repple, Dannlowski, Redlich); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Kavakbasi, Baune); the Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (Narr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM (Abbott); the Institute of Behavioral Science, Feintein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Argyelan); the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles (Espinoza); the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (Emsell, Vandenbulcke); the KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry & Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Belgium (Bouckaert); the Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC)-KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium (Sienaert); the Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (Nordanskog); the Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark (Jorgensen); the Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Paulson); the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark (Hanson); the Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark (Hanson); the GGZ in Geest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, Van Exel, Oudega); the Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dols, van Exel, Oudega); the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Takamiya, Kishimoto); the Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Ousdal); the Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Haavik); the Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Haavik, Hammar); the Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway (Hammar); the NORMENT, Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler); the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (Oedegaard, Kessler, Oltedal); the Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Bartsch); the Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (Bartsch, Oltedal); the Departments of Radiology, Neurosciences, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Dale); the Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (Dale); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Baune); the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (Baune); and the Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany (Redlich)
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Oliver LD, Hawco C, Homan P, Lee J, Green MF, Gold JM, DeRosse P, Argyelan M, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN. Social Cognitive Networks and Social Cognitive Performance Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Control Participants. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2020; 6:1202-1214. [PMID: 33579663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) feature social cognitive deficits, although their neural basis remains unclear. Social cognitive performance may relate to neural circuit activation patterns more than to diagnosis, which would have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The current study aimed to determine how functional connectivity within and between social cognitive networks relates to social cognitive performance across individuals with SSDs and healthy control participants. METHODS Participants with SSDs (n = 164) and healthy control participants (n = 117) completed the Empathic Accuracy task during functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as lower-level (e.g., emotion recognition) and higher-level (e.g., theory of mind) social cognitive measures outside the scanner. Functional connectivity during the Empathic Accuracy task was analyzed using background connectivity and graph theory. Data-driven social cognitive networks were identified across participants. Regression analyses were used to examine network connectivity-performance relationships across individuals. Positive and negative within- and between-network connectivity strengths were also compared in poor versus good social cognitive performers and in SSD versus control groups. RESULTS Three social cognitive networks were identified: motor resonance, affect sharing, and mentalizing. Regression and group-based analyses demonstrated reduced between-network negative connectivity, or segregation, and greater within- and between-network positive connectivity in worse social cognitive performers. There were no significant effects of diagnostic group on within- or between-network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the neural circuitry of social cognitive performance may exist dimensionally. Across participants, better social cognitive performance was associated with greater segregation between social cognitive networks, whereas poor versus good performers may compensate via hyperconnectivity within and between social cognitive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philipp Homan
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Veterans Affairs, Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Ali SA, Moyett A, Argyelan M, Barber AD, Homan P, Rubio JM, Fales C, Gallego JA, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. The effects of lorazepam on cortico-striatal connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 223:363-365. [PMID: 32718769 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sana A Ali
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Moyett
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Anita D Barber
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Philipp Homan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Jose M Rubio
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Christina Fales
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States of America
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Unal G, Cohen S, Fallah Rad M, Canela C, Swami J, Short B, Argyelan M, Petrides G, Unal S, Badran B, Sackeim H, Bikson M. P288 Dynamic models of electroconvulsive therapy: Implications for programming, electrodes, and current flow. Clin Neurophysiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Ousdal OT, Argyelan M, Narr KL, Abbott C, Wade B, Vandenbulcke M, Urretavizcaya M, Tendolkar I, Takamiya A, Stek ML, Soriano-Mas C, Redlich R, Paulson OB, Oudega ML, Opel N, Nordanskog P, Kishimoto T, Kampe R, Jorgensen A, Hanson LG, Hamilton JP, Espinoza R, Emsell L, van Eijndhoven P, Dols A, Dannlowski U, Cardoner N, Bouckaert F, Anand A, Bartsch H, Kessler U, Oedegaard KJ, Dale AM, Oltedal L. Brain Changes Induced by Electroconvulsive Therapy Are Broadly Distributed. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:451-461. [PMID: 31561859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is associated with volumetric enlargements of corticolimbic brain regions. However, the pattern of whole-brain structural alterations following ECT remains unresolved. Here, we examined the longitudinal effects of ECT on global and local variations in gray matter, white matter, and ventricle volumes in patients with major depressive disorder as well as predictors of ECT-related clinical response. METHODS Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) were used to investigate changes in white matter, gray matter, and ventricle volumes before and after ECT in 328 patients experiencing a major depressive episode. In addition, 95 nondepressed control subjects were scanned twice. We performed a mega-analysis of single subject data from 14 independent GEMRIC sites. RESULTS Volumetric increases occurred in 79 of 84 gray matter regions of interest. In total, the cortical volume increased by mean ± SD of 1.04 ± 1.03% (Cohen's d = 1.01, p < .001) and the subcortical gray matter volume increased by 1.47 ± 1.05% (d = 1.40, p < .001) in patients. The subcortical gray matter increase was negatively associated with total ventricle volume (Spearman's rank correlation ρ = -.44, p < .001), while total white matter volume remained unchanged (d = -0.05, p = .41). The changes were modulated by number of ECTs and mode of electrode placements. However, the gray matter volumetric enlargements were not associated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ECT induces gray matter volumetric increases that are broadly distributed. However, gross volumetric increases of specific anatomically defined regions may not serve as feasible biomarkers of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine and Landschaftsverband Rheinland Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Max L Stek
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mardien L Oudega
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Kampe
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hanson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Louise Emsell
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Dols
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Narcis Cardoner
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ute Kessler
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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31
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Mulders PCR, Llera A, Beckmann CF, Vandenbulcke M, Stek M, Sienaert P, Redlich R, Petrides G, Oudega ML, Oltedal L, Oedegaard KJ, Narr KL, Magnusson PO, Kessler U, Jorgensen A, Espinoza R, Enneking V, Emsell L, Dols A, Dannlowski U, Bolwig TG, Bartsch H, Argyelan M, Anand A, Abbott CC, van Eijndhoven PFP, Tendolkar I. Structural changes induced by electroconvulsive therapy are associated with clinical outcome. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:696-704. [PMID: 32289700 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment option for major depressive disorder, so understanding whether its clinical effect relates to structural brain changes is vital for current and future antidepressant research. OBJECTIVE To determine whether clinical response to ECT is related to structural volumetric changes in the brain as measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, if so, which regions are related to this clinical effect. We also determine whether a similar model can be used to identify regions associated with electrode placement (unilateral versus bilateral ECT). METHODS Longitudinal MRI and clinical data (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) was collected from 10 sites as part of the Global ECT-MRI research collaboration (GEMRIC). From 192 subjects, relative changes in 80 (sub)cortical areas were used as potential features for classifying treatment response. We used recursive feature elimination to extract relevant features, which were subsequently used to train a linear classifier. As a validation, the same was done for electrode placement. We report accuracy as well as the structural coefficients of regions included in the discriminative spatial patterns obtained. RESULTS A pattern of structural changes in cortical midline, striatal and lateral prefrontal areas discriminates responders from non-responders (75% accuracy, p < 0.001) while left-sided mediotemporal changes discriminate unilateral from bilateral electrode placement (81% accuracy, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The identification of a multivariate discriminative pattern shows that structural change is relevant for clinical response to ECT, but this pattern does not include mediotemporal regions that have been the focus of electroconvulsive therapy research so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C R Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Stek
- GGZ InGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic Center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center (UPC) - KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georgios Petrides
- - Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, USA
| | - Mardien Leoniek Oudega
- GGZ InGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Departments of Neurology Psychiatry, Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter O Magnusson
- Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden; Previous: Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen & University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Departments of Neurology Psychiatry, Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Louise Emsell
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Dols
- GGZ InGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tom G Bolwig
- Previous: Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- - Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, USA; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, USA
| | - Amit Anand
- Center of Behavioral Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Philip F P van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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32
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Blair Thies M, DeRosse P, Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Fales CL, Gallego JA, Robinson DG, Lencz T, Homan P, Malhotra AK. Interaction of Cannabis Use Disorder and Striatal Connectivity in Antipsychotic Treatment Response. Schizophr Bull Open 2020; 1:sgaa014. [PMID: 32803161 PMCID: PMC7418867 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP) medications are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but their efficacy is unpredictable and widely variable. Substantial efforts have been made to identify prognostic biomarkers that can be used to guide optimal prescription strategies for individual patients. Striatal regions involved in salience and reward processing are disrupted as a result of both SSD and cannabis use, and research demonstrates that striatal circuitry may be integral to response to AP drugs. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the relationship between a history of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a striatal connectivity index (SCI), a previously developed neural biomarker for AP treatment response in SSD. Patients were part of a 12-week randomized, double-blind controlled treatment study of AP drugs. A sample of 48 first-episode SSD patients with no more than 2 weeks of lifetime exposure to AP medications, underwent a resting-state fMRI scan pretreatment. Treatment response was defined a priori as a binary (response/nonresponse) variable, and a SCI was calculated in each patient. We examined whether there was an interaction between lifetime CUD history and the SCI in relation to treatment response. We found that CUD history moderated the relationship between SCI and treatment response, such that it had little predictive value in SSD patients with a CUD history. In sum, our findings highlight that biomarker development can be critically impacted by patient behaviors that influence neurobiology, such as a history of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Blair Thies
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Christina L Fales
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Juan A Gallego
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Graduate Center—City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Philipp Homan
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
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33
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Argyelan M, Oltedal L, Deng ZD, Wade B, Bikson M, Joanlanne A, Sanghani S, Bartsch H, Cano M, Dale AM, Dannlowski U, Dols A, Enneking V, Espinoza R, Kessler U, Narr KL, Oedegaard KJ, Oudega ML, Redlich R, Stek ML, Takamiya A, Emsell L, Bouckaert F, Sienaert P, Pujol J, Tendolkar I, van Eijndhoven P, Petrides G, Malhotra AK, Abbott C. Electric field causes volumetric changes in the human brain. eLife 2019; 8:49115. [PMID: 31644424 PMCID: PMC6874416 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent longitudinal neuroimaging studies in patients with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) suggest local effects of electric stimulation (lateralized) occur in tandem with global seizure activity (generalized). We used electric field (EF) modeling in 151 ECT treated patients with depression to determine the regional relationships between EF, unbiased longitudinal volume change, and antidepressant response across 85 brain regions. The majority of regional volumes increased significantly, and volumetric changes correlated with regional electric field (t = 3.77, df = 83, r = 0.38, p=0.0003). After controlling for nuisance variables (age, treatment number, and study site), we identified two regions (left amygdala and left hippocampus) with a strong relationship between EF and volume change (FDR corrected p<0.01). However, neither structural volume changes nor electric field was associated with antidepressant response. In summary, we showed that high electrical fields are strongly associated with robust volume changes in a dose-dependent fashion. Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT for short, can be an effective treatment for severe depression. Many patients who do not respond to medication find that their symptoms improve after ECT. During an ECT session, the patient is placed under general anesthesia and two electrodes are attached to the scalp to produce an electric field that generates currents within the brain. These currents activate neurons and make them fire, causing a seizure, but it remains unclear how this reduces symptoms of depression. For many years, researchers thought that the induced seizure must be key to the beneficial effects of ECT, but recent studies have cast doubt on this idea. They show that increasing the strength of the electric field alters the clinical effects of ECT, without affecting the seizure. This suggests that the benefits of ECT depend on the electric field itself. Argyelan et al. now show that electric fields affect the brain by making a part of the brain known as the gray matter expand. In a large multinational study, 151 patients with severe depression underwent brain scans before and after a course of ECT. The scans revealed that the gray matter of the patients’ brains expanded during the treatment. The patients who experienced the strongest electric fields showed the largest increase in brain volume, and individual brain areas expanded if the electric field within them exceeded a certain threshold. This effect was particularly striking in two areas, the hippocampus and the amygdala. Both of these areas are critical for mood and memory. Further studies are needed to determine why the brain expands after ECT, and how long the effect lasts. Another puzzle is why the improvements in depression that the patients reported after their treatment did not correlate with changes in brain volume. Disentangling the relationships between ECT, brain volume and depression will ultimately help develop more robust treatments for this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, United States
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Andrea Joanlanne
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, United States
| | - Sohag Sanghani
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Marta Cano
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, GGZinGeest, Old Age Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mardien L Oudega
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, GGZinGeest, Old Age Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Max L Stek
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, GGZinGeest, Old Age Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Akihiro Takamiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Louise Emsell
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Academic center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- Academic center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Jesus Pujol
- CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine and LVR Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Petrides
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, United States
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, United States
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, United States
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Klok MPC, van Eijndhoven PF, Argyelan M, Schene AH, Tendolkar I. Structural brain characteristics in treatment-resistant depression: review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e76. [PMID: 31474243 PMCID: PMC6737518 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to structural brain characteristics that are correlated with the severity of disease. However, the correlation of these structural changes is less well clarified in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). AIMS To summarise the existing literature on structural brain characteristics in TRD to create an overview of known abnormalities of the brain in patients with MDD, to form hypotheses about the absence or existence of a common pathophysiology of MDD and TRD. METHOD A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 1998 and August of 2016 investigating structural brain changes in patients with TRD compared with healthy controls or patients with MDD. RESULTS Fourteen articles are included in this review. Lower grey matter volume (GMV) in the anterior cingulate cortex, right cerebellum, caudate nucleus, superior/medial frontal gyrus and hippocampus does not seem to differentiate TRD from milder forms of MDD. However, lower GMV in the putamen, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, angular- and post-central gyri together with specific mainly parietal white matter tract changes seem to be more specific structural characteristics of TRD. CONCLUSIONS The currently available data on structural brain changes in patients with TRD compared with milder forms of MDD and healthy controls cannot sufficiently distinguish between a 'shared continuum hypothesis' and a 'different entity hypothesis'. Our review clearly suggests that although there is some overlap in affected brain regions between milder forms of MDD and TRD, TRD also comes with specific alterations in mainly the putamen and parietal white matter tracts. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip F van Eijndhoven
- Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center; and Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, the Netherlands
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Psychiatrist, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; andDivision of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, USA
| | - Aart H Schene
- Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center; and Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, the Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, the Netherlands;and LVR-Hospital Essen, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Hawco C, Buchanan RW, Calarco N, Mulsant BH, Viviano JD, Dickie EW, Argyelan M, Gold JM, Iacoboni M, DeRosse P, Foussias G, Malhotra AK, Voineskos AN. Separable and Replicable Neural Strategies During Social Brain Function in People With and Without Severe Mental Illness. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:521-530. [PMID: 30606045 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Case-control study design and disease heterogeneity may impede biomarker discovery in brain disorders, including serious mental illnesses. To identify biologically and/or behaviorally driven as opposed to diagnostically driven subgroups of individuals, the authors used hierarchical clustering to identify individuals with similar patterns of brain activity during a facial imitate/observe functional MRI task. METHODS Participants in the Social Processes Initiative in Neurobiology of the Schizophrenia(s) study (N=179; 109 with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and 70 healthy control participants) underwent MRI scanning at three sites. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify new data-driven groups of participants; differences on social and neurocognitive tests completed outside the scanner were compared among the new groups. RESULTS Three clusters with distinct patterns of neural activity were found. Cluster membership was not related to diagnosis or scan site. The largest cluster consisted of "typical activators," with activity in the canonical "simulation" circuit. The other clusters represented a "hyperactivating" group and a "deactivating" group. Between-participants Euclidean distances were smaller within clusters than within site or diagnostics groups. The deactivating group had the highest social cognitive and neurocognitive test scores. The hierarchical clustering analysis was repeated on a replication sample (N=108; 32 schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 37 euthymic bipolar disorder, and 39 healthy control participants), which exhibited the same three cluster patterns. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrate replicable differing patterns of neural activity among individuals during a socio-emotional task, independent of DSM diagnosis or scan site. The findings may provide objective neuroimaging endpoints (biomarkers) for subgroups of individuals in target engagement research aimed at enhancing cognitive performance independent of diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Navona Calarco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Joseph D Viviano
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - James M Gold
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
| | -
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto (Hawco, Calarco, Mulsant, Viviano, Dickie, Foussias, Voineskos); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Hawco, Foussias, Mulsant, Voineskos); Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. (Buchanan, Gold); Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, N.Y. (Argyelan, DeRosse, Malhotra); the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (Iacoboni)
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Homan P, Argyelan M, DeRosse P, Szeszko PR, Gallego JA, Hanna L, Robinson DG, Kane JM, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Structural similarity networks predict clinical outcome in early-phase psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:915-922. [PMID: 30679724 PMCID: PMC6461949 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances, there is still a major need for prediction of treatment success in schizophrenia, a condition long considered a disorder of dysconnectivity in the brain. Graph theory provides a means to characterize the connectivity in both healthy and abnormal brains. We calculated structural similarity networks in each participant and hypothesized that the "hubness", i.e., the number of edges connecting a node to the rest of the network, would be associated with clinical outcome. This prospective controlled study took place at an academic research center and included 82 early-phase psychosis patients (23 females; mean age [SD] = 21.6 [5.5] years) and 58 healthy controls. Medications were administered in a double-blind randomized manner, and patients were scanned at baseline prior to treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. Symptoms were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at baseline and over the course of 12 weeks. Nodal degree of structural similarity networks was computed for each subject and entered as a predictor of individual treatment response into a partial least squares (PLS) regression. The model fit was significant in a permutation test with 1000 permutations (P = 0.006), and the first two PLS regression components explained 29% (95% CI: 27; 30) of the variance in treatment response after cross-validation. Nodes loading strongly on the first PLS component were primarily located in the orbito- and prefrontal cortex, whereas nodes loading strongly on the second PLS component were primarily located in the superior temporal, precentral, and middle cingulate cortex. These data suggest a link between brain network morphology and clinical outcome in early-phase psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Homan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- 0000 0004 0420 1184grid.274295.fJames J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Juan A. Gallego
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Lauren Hanna
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Delbert G. Robinson
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - John M. Kane
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- 0000 0000 9566 0634grid.250903.dCenter for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,0000 0001 2168 3646grid.416477.7Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY USA ,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY USA
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Hawco C, Viviano JD, Chavez S, Dickie EW, Calarco N, Kochunov P, Argyelan M, Turner JA, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN. A longitudinal human phantom reliability study of multi-center T1-weighted, DTI, and resting state fMRI data. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 282:134-142. [PMID: 29945740 PMCID: PMC6482446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-center MRI studies can enhance power, generalizability, and discovery for clinical neuroimaging research in brain disorders. Here, we sought to establish the utility of a clustering algorithm as an alternative to more traditional intra-class correlation coefficient approaches in a longitudinal multi-center human phantom study. We completed annual reliability scans on 'travelling human phantoms'. Acquisitions across sites were harmonized prospectively. Twenty-seven MRI sessions were available across four participants, scanned on five scanners, across three years. For each scan, three metrics were extracted: cortical thickness (CT), white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), and resting state functional connectivity (FC). For each metric, hierarchical clustering (Ward's method) was performed. The cluster solutions were compared to participant and scanner using the adjusted Rand index (ARI). For all metrics, data clustered by participant rather than by scanner (ARI > 0.8 comparing clusters to participants, ARI < 0.2 comparing clusters to scanners). These results demonstrate that hierarchical clustering can reliably identify structural and functional scans from different participants imaged on different scanners across time. With increasing interest in data-driven approaches in psychiatric and neurologic brain imaging studies, our findings provide a framework for multi-center analytic approaches aiming to identify subgroups of participants based on brain structure or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph D Viviano
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Navona Calarco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd St, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd St, Glen Oaks, NY, United States; The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lehner KR, Yeagle EM, Argyelan M, Klimaj Z, Du V, Megevand P, Hwang ST, Mehta AD. Validation of corpus callosotomy after laser interstitial thermal therapy: a multimodal approach. J Neurosurg 2018; 131:1095-1105. [PMID: 30497188 DOI: 10.3171/2018.4.jns172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres by corpus callosotomy (CC) is an established means to palliate refractory generalized epilepsy. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is gaining acceptance as a minimally invasive approach to treating epilepsy, but this method has not been evaluated in clinical series using established methodologies to assess connectivity. The goal in this study was to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of MRI-guided LITT for CC and to assess disconnection by using electrophysiology- and imaging-based methods. Methods Retrospective chart and imaging review was performed in 5 patients undergoing LITT callosotomy at a single center. Diffusion tensor imaging and resting functional MRI were performed in all patients to assess anatomical and functional connectivity. In 3 patients undergoing simultaneous intracranial electroencephalography monitoring, corticocortical evoked potentials and resting electrocorticography were used to assess electrophysiological correlates. Results All patients had generalized or multifocal seizure onsets. Three patients with preoperative evidence for possible lateralization underwent stereoelectroencephalography depth electrode implantation during the perioperative period. LITT ablation of the anterior corpus callosum was completed in a single procedure in 4 patients. One complication involving misplaced devices required a second procedure. Adequacy of the anterior callosotomy was confirmed using contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Resting functional MRI, corticocortical evoked potentials, and resting electrocorticography demonstrated functional disconnection of the hemispheres. Postcallosotomy monitoring revealed lateralization of the seizures in all 3 patients with preoperatively suspected occult lateralization. Four of 5 patients experienced > 80% reduction in generalized seizure frequency. Two patients undergoing subsequent focal resection are free of clinical seizures at 2 years. One patient developed a 9-mm intraparenchymal hematoma at the site of entry and continued to have seizures after the procedure. Conclusions MRI-guided LITT provides an effective minimally invasive alternative method for CC in the treatment of seizures associated with drop attacks, bilaterally synchronous onset, and rapid secondary generalization. The disconnection is confirmed using anatomical and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Lehner
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
| | - Erin M Yeagle
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
- 2The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; and
| | | | | | - Victor Du
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
| | | | - Sean T Hwang
- 3Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
- 2The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; and
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Viviano JD, Buchanan RW, Calarco N, Gold JM, Foussias G, Bhagwat N, Stefanik L, Hawco C, DeRosse P, Argyelan M, Turner J, Chavez S, Kochunov P, Kingsley P, Zhou X, Malhotra AK, Voineskos AN. Resting-State Connectivity Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance and Social Function in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:665-674. [PMID: 29779671 PMCID: PMC6177285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in neurocognition and social cognition are drivers of reduced functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with potentially shared neurobiological underpinnings. Many studies have sought to identify brain-based biomarkers of these clinical variables using a priori dichotomies (e.g., good vs. poor cognition, deficit vs. nondeficit syndrome). METHODS We evaluated a fully data-driven approach to do the same by building and validating a brain connectivity-based biomarker of social cognitive and neurocognitive performance in a sample using resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 74 healthy control participants, n = 114 persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 188 total). We used canonical correlation analysis followed by clustering to identify a functional connectivity signature of normal and poor social cognitive and neurocognitive performance. RESULTS Persons with poor social cognitive and neurocognitive performance were differentiated from those with normal performance by greater resting-state connectivity in the mirror neuron and mentalizing systems. We validated our findings by showing that poor performers also scored lower on functional outcome measures not included in the original analysis and by demonstrating neuroanatomical differences between the normal and poorly performing groups. We used a support vector machine classifier to demonstrate that functional connectivity alone is enough to distinguish normal and poorly performing participants, and we replicated our findings in an independent sample (n = 75). CONCLUSIONS A brief functional magnetic resonance imaging scan may ultimately be useful in future studies aimed at characterizing long-term illness trajectories and treatments that target specific brain circuitry in those with impaired cognition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Viviano
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Catonsville, Maryland
| | - Navona Calarco
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Catonsville, Maryland
| | - George Foussias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Nikhil Bhagwat
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Brain Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Stefanik
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Colin Hawco
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, Manhasset; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, Manhasset; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Jessica Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; MRI Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Catonsville, Maryland
| | - Peter Kingsley
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, Manhasset; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Xiangzhi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, Manhasset; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, Manhasset; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York; Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Research Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
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Jiang R, Abbott CC, Jiang T, Du Y, Espinoza R, Narr KL, Wade B, Yu Q, Song M, Lin D, Chen J, Jones T, Argyelan M, Petrides G, Sui J, Calhoun VD. SMRI Biomarkers Predict Electroconvulsive Treatment Outcomes: Accuracy with Independent Data Sets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1078-1087. [PMID: 28758644 PMCID: PMC5854791 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid and robust clinical effects, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) represents an optimal model to develop and test treatment predictors for major depressive disorders (MDDs), whereas imaging markers can be informative in identifying MDD patients who will respond to a specific antidepressant treatment or not. Here we aim to predict post-ECT depressive rating changes and remission status using pre-ECT gray matter (GM) in 38 MDD patients and validate in two independent data sets. Six GM regions including the right hippocampus/parahippocampus, right orbitofrontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left postcentral gyrus/precuneus, left supplementary motor area, and left lingual gyrus were identified as predictors of ECT response, achieving accuracy of 89, 90 and 86% for remission prediction in three independent, age-matched data sets, respectively. For MDD patients, GM density increases only in the left supplementary motor cortex and left postcentral gyrus/precuneus after ECT. These results suggest that treatment-predictive and treatment-responsive regions may be anatomically different but functionally related in the context of ECT response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to quantitatively identify and validate the ECT treatment biomarkers using multi-site GM data. We address a major clinical challenge and provide potential opportunities for more effective and timely interventions for electroconvulsive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA,School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qingbao Yu
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ming Song
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Georgios Petrides
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China,The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, China, Tel: +86 82544518, Fax: +86 82544777, E-mail:
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Sarpal DK, Robinson DG, Fales C, Lencz T, Argyelan M, Karlsgodt KH, Gallego JA, John M, Kane JM, Szeszko PR, Malhotra AK. Relationship between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Intrinsic Corticostriatal Connectivity in Patients with Early Phase Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2214-2221. [PMID: 28294137 PMCID: PMC5603815 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patients with first-episode psychosis experience psychotic symptoms for a mean of up to 2 years prior to initiation of treatment, and long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, evidence compiled from numerous studies suggests that longer DUP is not associated with structural brain abnormalities. To date, few studies have examined the relationship between DUP and functional neuroimaging measures. In the present study, we used seed-based resting-state functional connectivity to examine the impact of DUP on corticostriatal circuitry. We included 83 patients with early phase schizophrenia and minimal exposure to antipsychotic drugs (<2 years), who underwent resting state scanning while entering 12 weeks of prospective treatment with second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Functional connectivity maps of the striatum were generated and examined in relation to DUP as a covariate. Mediation analyses were performed on a composite measure of corticostriatal connectivity derived from the significant results of our DUP analysis. We found that longer DUP correlated with worse response to treatment as well as overall decreased functional connectivity between striatal nodes and specific regions within frontal and parietal cortices. Moreover, the relationship between DUP and treatment response was significantly mediated by corticostriatal connectivity. Our results indicate that variation in corticostriatal circuitry may play a role in the relationship between longer DUP and worsened response to treatment. Future prospective studies are necessary to further characterize potential causal links between DUP, striatal circuitry and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Christina Fales
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | - Juan A Gallego
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Majnu John
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA, Tel: 718 470 8012, Fax: 718 343 1659, E-mail:
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42
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Oltedal L, Bartsch H, Sørhaug OJE, Kessler U, Abbott C, Dols A, Stek ML, Ersland L, Emsell L, van Eijndhoven P, Argyelan M, Tendolkar I, Nordanskog P, Hamilton P, Jorgensen MB, Sommer IE, Heringa SM, Draganski B, Redlich R, Dannlowski U, Kugel H, Bouckaert F, Sienaert P, Anand A, Espinoza R, Narr KL, Holland D, Dale AM, Oedegaard KJ. The Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC): Establishing a multi-site investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying response to electroconvulsive therapy. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 14:422-432. [PMID: 28275543 PMCID: PMC5328749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depression, currently the world's primary cause of disability, leads to profound personal suffering and increased risk of suicide. Unfortunately, the success of antidepressant treatment varies amongst individuals and can take weeks to months in those who respond. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), generally prescribed for the most severely depressed and when standard treatments fail, produces a more rapid response and remains the most effective intervention for severe depression. Exploring the neurobiological effects of ECT is thus an ideal approach to better understand the mechanisms of successful therapeutic response. Though several recent neuroimaging studies show structural and functional changes associated with ECT, not all brain changes associate with clinical outcome. Larger studies that can address individual differences in clinical and treatment parameters may better target biological factors relating to or predictive of ECT-related therapeutic response. We have thus formed the Global ECT-MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) that aims to combine longitudinal neuroimaging as well as clinical, behavioral and other physiological data across multiple independent sites. Here, we summarize the ECT sample characteristics from currently participating sites, and the common data-repository and standardized image analysis pipeline developed for this initiative. This includes data harmonization across sites and MRI platforms, and a method for obtaining unbiased estimates of structural change based on longitudinal measurements with serial MRI scans. The optimized analysis pipeline, together with the large and heterogeneous combined GEMRIC dataset, will provide new opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of ECT response and the factors mediating and predictive of clinical outcomes, which may ultimately lead to more effective personalized treatment approaches. A global collaboration for longitudinal neuroimaging of ECT was established. A secure data portal with individual-patient level data. The feasibility of a standardized image analysis pipeline is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | | | - Max L Stek
- VUmc Amsterdam/GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Louise Emsell
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Pia Nordanskog
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Iris E Sommer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sophie M Heringa
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - CHUV, University Lausanne, Switzerland; Max-Planck-Institute for Human Brain and Cognitive Neurosciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Filip Bouckaert
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic center for ECT and Neurostimulation (AcCENT), Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Center for Behavioral Health, Cleveland, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA
| | - Dominic Holland
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway
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Chang EH, Argyelan M, Aggarwal M, Chandon TSS, Karlsgodt KH, Mori S, Malhotra AK. Diffusion tensor imaging measures of white matter compared to myelin basic protein immunofluorescence in tissue cleared intact brains. Data Brief 2016; 10:438-443. [PMID: 28054004 PMCID: PMC5198630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide datasets from combined ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Clear Lipid-exchanged, Anatomically Rigid, Imaging/immunostaining compatible, Tissue hYdrogel (CLARITY) performed on intact mouse brains. DTI-derived measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were compared to antibody-based labeling of myelin basic protein (MBP), as measured by fluorescence microscopy. We used a customized CLARITY hydrogel solution to facilitate whole brain tissue clearing and subsequent immunolabeling. We describe how CLARITY was made compatible with magnetic resonance imaging with the intention of facilitating future multimodal imaging studies that may combine noninvasive imaging with 3D immunohistochemistry. These data and methods are related to the accompanying research article entitled, 'The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains' (E.H. Chang, M. Argyelan, M. Aggarwal, T-S. Chandon, K.H. Karlsgodt, S. Mori, A.K. Malhotra, 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Chang
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Toni-Shay S Chandon
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Chang EH, Argyelan M, Aggarwal M, Chandon TSS, Karlsgodt KH, Mori S, Malhotra AK. The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains. Neuroimage 2016; 147:253-261. [PMID: 27986605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used extensively in neuroscience to noninvasively estimate white matter (WM) microarchitecture. However, the diffusion signal is inherently ambiguous because it infers WM structure from the orientation of water diffusion and cannot identify the biological sources of diffusion changes. To compare inferred WM estimates to directly labeled axonal elements, we performed a novel within-subjects combination of high-resolution ex vivo DTI with two-photon laser microscopy of intact mouse brains rendered optically transparent by Clear Lipid-exchanged, Anatomically Rigid, Imaging/immunostaining compatible, Tissue hYdrogel (CLARITY). We found that myelin basic protein (MBP) immunofluorescence significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA), especially in WM regions with coherent fiber orientations and low fiber dispersion. Our results provide evidence that FA is particularly sensitive to myelination in WM regions with these characteristics. Furthermore, we found that radial diffusivity (RD) was only sensitive to myelination in a subset of WM tracts, suggesting that the association of RD with myelin should be used cautiously. This combined DTI-CLARITY approach illustrates, for the first time, a framework for using brain-wide immunolabeling of WM targets to elucidate the relationship between the diffusion signal and its biological underpinnings. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of a within-subject combination of noninvasive neuroimaging and tissue clearing techniques that has broader implications for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Chang
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA.
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Toni-Shay S Chandon
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Argyelan M, Lencz T, Kaliora S, Sarpal DK, Weissman N, Kingsley PB, Malhotra AK, Petrides G. Subgenual cingulate cortical activity predicts the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e789. [PMID: 27115120 PMCID: PMC4872412 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for depression, yet its mechanism of action is unknown. Our goal was to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of ECT response using longitudinally collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in 16 patients with treatment-resistant depression and 10 healthy controls. Patients received bifrontal ECT 3 times a week under general anesthesia. We acquired rs-fMRI at three time points: at baseline, after the 1st ECT administration and after the course of the ECT treatment; depression was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The primary measure derived from rs-fMRI was fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF), which provides an unbiased voxel-wise estimation of brain activity. We also conducted seed-based functional connectivity analysis based on our primary findings. We compared treatment-related changes in HAM-D scores with pre- and post-treatment fALFF and connectivity measures. Subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) demonstrated higher BOLD signal fluctuations (fALFF) at baseline in depressed patients, and SCC fALFF decreased over the course of treatment. The baseline level of fALFF of SCC predicted response to ECT. In addition, connectivity of SCC with bilateral hippocampus, bilateral temporal pole, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced over the course of treatment. These results suggest that the antidepressant effect of ECT may be mediated by downregulation of SCC activity and connectivity. SCC function may serve as an important biomarker of target engagement in the development of novel therapies for depression that is resistant to treatment with standard medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. E-mail:
| | - T Lencz
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - S Kaliora
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - D K Sarpal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - N Weissman
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - P B Kingsley
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - A K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - G Petrides
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Sarpal DK, Argyelan M, Robinson DG, Szeszko PR, Karlsgodt KH, John M, Weissman N, Gallego JA, Kane JM, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Baseline Striatal Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Response to Antipsychotic Drug Treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:69-77. [PMID: 26315980 PMCID: PMC4845897 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical response to antipsychotic drug treatment is highly variable, yet prognostic biomarkers are lacking. The authors recently demonstrated that successful antipsychotic drug treatment alters resting-state functional connectivity of the striatum. The goal of the present study was to test whether intrinsic striatal connectivity patterns provide prognostic information and can serve as a potential biomarker of treatment response to antipsychotic drugs. METHOD The authors used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to develop a prognostic index in a discovery cohort of 41 first-episode schizophrenia patients, then tested this index in an independent cohort of 40 newly hospitalized chronic patients with acute psychosis. In the discovery cohort, patients underwent resting-state fMRI scanning at the initiation of randomized controlled treatment with a second-generation antipsychotic. Whole-brain functional connectivity maps were generated for each subject from striatal seed regions. A stringent measure of clinical response was calculated that required sustained improvement over two consecutive study visits. Clinical response was entered into a survival analysis, and Cox regression was applied to the functional connectivity data. A striatal connectivity index was created, comprising functional connections of the striatum that predicted treatment response. This striatal connectivity index was tested on a generalizability cohort of patients with psychotic disorders who were hospitalized for an acute psychotic episode. RESULTS A total of 91 regions functionally connected with the striatum provided significant prognostic information. Connectivity in these regions was used to create a baseline striatal connectivity index that predicted response to antipsychotic treatment with high sensitivity and specificity in both the discovery and generalizability cohorts. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that individual differences in striatal functional connectivity predict response to antipsychotic drug treatment in acutely psychotic patients. With further development, this has the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker with clinical utility and to reduce the overall burden associated with psychotic illnesses.
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Ikuta T, DeRosse P, Argyelan M, Karlsgodt KH, Kingsley PB, Szeszko PR, Malhotra AK. Subcortical modulation in auditory processing and auditory hallucinations. Behav Brain Res 2015; 295:78-81. [PMID: 26275927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hearing perception in individuals with auditory hallucinations has not been well studied. Auditory hallucinations have previously been shown to involve primary auditory cortex activation. This activation suggests that auditory hallucinations activate the terminal of the auditory pathway as if auditory signals are submitted from the cochlea, and that a hallucinatory event is therefore perceived as hearing. The primary auditory cortex is stimulated by some unknown source that is outside of the auditory pathway. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of stimulating the primary auditory cortex through the auditory pathway in individuals who have experienced auditory hallucinations. Sixteen patients with schizophrenia underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions, as well as hallucination assessments. During the fMRI session, auditory stimuli were presented in one-second intervals at times when scanner noise was absent. Participants listened to auditory stimuli of sine waves (SW) (4-5.5kHz), English words (EW), and acoustically reversed English words (arEW) in a block design fashion. The arEW were employed to deliver the sound of a human voice with minimal linguistic components. Patients' auditory hallucination severity was assessed by the auditory hallucination item of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). During perception of arEW when compared with perception of SW, bilateral activation of the globus pallidus correlated with severity of auditory hallucinations. EW when compared with arEW did not correlate with auditory hallucination severity. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of the globus pallidus to the human voice is associated with the severity of auditory hallucination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Katherine H Karlsgodt
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Peter B Kingsley
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, USA; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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48
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Sarpal DK, Robinson DG, Lencz T, Argyelan M, Ikuta T, Karlsgodt K, Gallego JA, Kane JM, Szeszko PR, Malhotra AK. Antipsychotic treatment and functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:5-13. [PMID: 25372846 PMCID: PMC4286512 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous evidence has implicated corticostriatal abnormalities in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Although the striatum is the primary target of all efficacious antipsychotics, the relationship between its functional connectivity and symptomatic reduction remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the longitudinal effect of treatment with second-generation antipsychotics on functional connectivity of the striatum during the resting state in patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective controlled study took place at a clinical research center and included 24 patients with first-episode psychosis and 24 healthy participants matched for age, sex, education, and handedness. Medications were administered in a double-blind randomized manner. INTERVENTIONS Patients were scanned at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with either risperidone or aripiprazole. Their symptoms were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at baseline and follow-up. Healthy participants were scanned twice within a 12-week interval. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Functional connectivity of striatal regions was examined via functional magnetic resonance imaging using a seed-based approach. Changes in functional connectivity of these seeds were compared with reductions in ratings of psychotic symptoms. RESULTS Patients had a median exposure of 1 day to antipsychotic medication prior to being scanned (mean [SD] = 4.5 [6.1]). Eleven patients were treated with aripiprazole and 13 patients were treated with risperidone. As psychosis improved, we observed an increase in functional connectivity between striatal seed regions and the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and limbic regions such as the hippocampus and anterior insula (P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Conversely, a negative relationship was observed between reduction in psychosis and functional connectivity of striatal regions with structures within the parietal lobe (P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results indicated that corticostriatal functional dysconnectivity in psychosis is a state-dependent phenomenon. Increased functional connectivity of the striatum with prefrontal and limbic regions may be a biomarker for improvement in symptoms associated with antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Delbert G. Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Todd Lencz
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Miklos Argyelan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Katherine Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Juan A. Gallego
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - John M. Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
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Gruner P, Vo A, Argyelan M, Ikuta T, Degnan AJ, John M, Peters BD, Malhotra AK, Uluğ AM, Szeszko PR. Independent component analysis of resting state activity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5306-15. [PMID: 24867148 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an often severely disabling illness with onset generally in childhood or adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the pattern of brain resting state activity in OCD early in the course of illness. We therefore examined differences in brain resting state activity in patients with pediatric OCD compared with healthy volunteers and their clinical correlates. Twenty-three pediatric OCD patients and 23 healthy volunteers (age range 9-17), matched for sex, age, handedness, and IQ completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging exam at 3T. Patients completed the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Scale. Data were decomposed into 36 functional networks using spatial group independent component analysis (ICA) and logistic regression was used to identify the components that yielded maximum group separation. Using ICA we identified three components that maximally separated the groups: a middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate network, an anterior/posterior cingulate network, and a visual network yielding an overall group classification of 76.1% (sensitivity = 78.3% and specificity = 73.9%). Independent component expression scores were significantly higher in patients compared with healthy volunteers in the middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate and the anterior/posterior cingulate networks, but lower in patients within the visual network. Higher expression scores in the anterior/posterior cingulate network correlated with greater severity of compulsions among patients. These findings implicate resting state fMRI abnormalities within the cingulate cortex and related control regions in the pathogenesis and phenomenology of OCD early in the course of the disorder and prior to extensive pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
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50
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Argyelan M, Ikuta T, DeRosse P, Braga RJ, Burdick KE, John M, Kingsley PB, Malhotra AK, Szeszko PR. Resting-state fMRI connectivity impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:100-10. [PMID: 23851068 PMCID: PMC3885301 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share aspects of phenomenology and neurobiology and thus may represent a continuum of disease. Few studies have compared connectivity across the brain in these disorders or investigated their functional correlates. METHODS We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate global and regional connectivity in 32 healthy controls, 19 patients with bipolar disorder, and 18 schizophrenia patients. Patients also received comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical assessments. We computed correlation matrices among 266 regions of interest within the brain, with the primary dependent measure being overall global connectivity strength of each region with every other region. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower global connectivity compared with healthy controls, whereas patients with bipolar disorder had global connectivity intermediate to and significantly different from those of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that compared with healthy controls, both patient groups had significantly lower connectivity in the paracingulate gyrus and right thalamus. Patients with schizophrenia also had significantly lower connectivity in the temporal occipital fusiform cortex, left caudate nucleus, and left thalamus compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences among the patient groups in any of these regions. Lower global connectivity among all patients was associated with worse neuropsychological and clinical functioning, but these effects were not specific to any patient group. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may represent a continuum of global disconnectivity in the brain but that regional functional specificity may not be evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Argyelan
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, US; tel: 718-470-4486, fax: 718-343-1659, e-mail:
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;
| | - Raphael J. Braga
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;
| | | | - Majnu John
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY;
| | - Peter B. Kingsley
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY;
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY; ,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY; ,Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore–LIJ Health System, Glen Oaks, NY; ,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
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