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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Pustelnik A, Ropka-Molik K. First transcriptomic insight into the working muscles of racing pigeons during a competition flight. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:625. [PMID: 38717527 PMCID: PMC11078782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently known homing pigeon is a result of a sharp one-sided selection for flight characteristics focused on speed, endurance, and spatial orientation. This has led to extremely well-adapted athletic phenotypes in racing birds. METHODS Here, we identify genes and pathways contributing to exercise adaptation in sport pigeons by applying next-generation transcriptome sequencing of m.pectoralis muscle samples, collected before and after a 300 km competition flight. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes pictured the central role of pathways involved in fuel selection and muscle maintenance during flight, with a set of genes, in which variations may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of the racing pigeon population towards specific categories of competition flights. CONCLUSIONS The presented results are a background to understanding the genetic processes in the muscles of birds during flight and also are the starting point of further selection of genetic markers associated with racing performance in carrier pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland.
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Kraków, 30-059, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, The University of Agriculture in Krakow, Rędzina 1C, Kraków, 30-248, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pustelnik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
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Myćka G, Ropka-Molik K, Cywińska A, Szmatoła T, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. Molecular insights into the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:586-597. [PMID: 37565649 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that in Arabian horse muscle, long-term exercise-induced expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and the downregulation of genes belonging to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signalling pathways. Long-lasting physical exertion may trigger the metabolism to switch the main energy source from carbohydrates to lipids due to higher caloric content. OBJECTIVES To describe the metabolism adaptation at the whole transcriptome of blood to endurance effort in Arabian horses. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Venous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses were taken before and after a 120 km long endurance ride to isolate the RNA and perform the high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The results, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses, allowed us to describe the most significantly upregulated-ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2 and downregulated-ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, the increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K-Akt was shown. MAIN LIMITATIONS Limited sample size, Arabians used for endurance racing were not compared to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines. CONCLUSIONS This general insight into the processes described supports the thesis of the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch in endurance Arabian horses and provides the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Myćka
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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Brown C, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Decloedt A, Beijerink N, Hamilton NA, Velie BD. Congenital heart defects in Arabian horses and the prospects of genetic testing: A review. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38272847 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) can have profound and potentially life-threatening consequences on horses' health and performance capability. While CHDs are rare in the general horse population, the Arabian breed is disproportionately overrepresented and thus is widely suspected to be genetically predisposed. This review discusses the most common CHDs in Arabian horses, including ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), patent duct arteriosus (PDA), tricuspid valve atresia (TVA) and atrial septal defect (ASD). This review also explores how future research into the genetic factors that likely underpin many CHDs can revolutionise the way these disorders are managed in Arabian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Brown
- Equine Genetics and Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Annelies Decloedt
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek Beijerink
- Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Vught, The Netherlands
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha A Hamilton
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brandon D Velie
- Equine Genetics and Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Myćka G, Bieniek A, Yasynetska N. Characteristic of Przewalski horses population from Askania-Nova reserve based on genetic markers. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7121-7126. [PMID: 37365410 PMCID: PMC10374732 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Przewalski horses are considered the last living population of wild horses, however, they are secondarily feral offspring of herds domesticated ~ 5000 years ago by the Botai culture. After Przewalski horses were almost extinct at the beginning of the twentieth century, their population is about 2500 individuals worldwide, with one of the largest breeding centers in Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve (Ukraine). The research aimed to establish the maternal variation of Przewalski horses population maintained in Askania-Nova Reserve based on mitochondrial DNA hypervariable 1 and hypervariable 2 regions profiling, as well as, analysis of Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism unique for Przewalski horses, and coat color markers: MC1R and TBX3. The mtDNA hypervariable regions analysis in 23 Przewalski horses allowed assigning them to three distinctly different haplotypes, showing the greatest similarity to the Equus caballus reference, the Equus przewalskii reference, and to extinct species-Haringtonhippus. The Y chromosome analysis using fluorescently labelled assays differentiated horses in terms of polymorphism (g731821T>C) characteristic of Equus przewalskii. All male individuals presented genotype C characteristics for Przewalski horses. The polymorphisms within the coat color genes indicated only native, wild genotypes. The Y chromosome and coat color analysis denied admixtures of the tested horses with other Equidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna D Musiał
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Myćka
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bieniek
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083, Balice, Poland
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5
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Piórkowska K, Ropka-Molik K. Equine Metabolic Syndrome: A Complex Disease Influenced by Multifactorial Genetic Factors. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1544. [PMID: 37628596 PMCID: PMC10454496 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) has become an important issue in modern veterinary medicine and is linked to the common, extremely painful, most-of-the-time performance-terminating hoof laminitis. The growing knowledge in the field of genetic background, inducing environmental factors, diagnosis, treatment and maintenance of affected equines led us to summarise the available information to be used not only for scientific purposes but for fieldwork. In horses, the clinical presentation of EMS includes: obesity or local fat deposition, bilateral lameness or hoof rings attributed to ongoing or previous (pasted) laminitis with the key feature of the occurrence of insulin dysregulation, disturbing the homeostasis within insulin, glucose and lipid metabolism. The management of EMS is based on dietary and fitness discipline; however, intensive research is ongoing in the field of regenerative medicine to develop modern and promising therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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Bozlak E, Radovic L, Remer V, Rigler D, Allen L, Brem G, Stalder G, Castaneda C, Cothran G, Raudsepp T, Okuda Y, Moe KK, Moe HH, Kounnavongsa B, Keonouchanh S, Van NH, Vu VH, Shah MK, Nishibori M, Kazymbet P, Bakhtin M, Zhunushov A, Paul RC, Dashnyam B, Nozawa K, Almarzook S, Brockmann GA, Reissmann M, Antczak DF, Miller DC, Sadeghi R, von Butler-Wemken I, Kostaras N, Han H, Manglai D, Abdurasulov A, Sukhbaatar B, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Lopes MS, da Câmara Machado A, Kalashnikov VV, Kalinkova L, Zaitev AM, Novoa-Bravo M, Lindgren G, Brooks S, Rosa LP, Orlando L, Juras R, Kunieda T, Wallner B. Refining the evolutionary tree of the horse Y chromosome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8954. [PMID: 37268661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome carries information about the demography of paternal lineages, and thus, can prove invaluable for retracing both the evolutionary trajectory of wild animals and the breeding history of domesticates. In horses, the Y chromosome shows a limited, but highly informative, sequence diversity, supporting the increasing breeding influence of Oriental lineages during the last 1500 years. Here, we augment the primary horse Y-phylogeny, which is currently mainly based on modern horse breeds of economic interest, with haplotypes (HT) segregating in remote horse populations around the world. We analyze target enriched sequencing data of 5 Mb of the Y chromosome from 76 domestic males, together with 89 whole genome sequenced domestic males and five Przewalski's horses from previous studies. The resulting phylogeny comprises 153 HTs defined by 2966 variants and offers unprecedented resolution into the history of horse paternal lineages. It reveals the presence of a remarkable number of previously unknown haplogroups in Mongolian horses and insular populations. Phylogenetic placement of HTs retrieved from 163 archaeological specimens further indicates that most of the present-day Y-chromosomal variation evolved after the domestication process that started around 4200 years ago in the Western Eurasian steppes. Our comprehensive phylogeny significantly reduces ascertainment bias and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing horse population dynamics and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozlak
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Radovic
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Remer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Rigler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucy Allen
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caitlin Castaneda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gus Cothran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yu Okuda
- Museum of Dinosaur Research, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kyaw Kyaw Moe
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Hla Hla Moe
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar
| | - Bounthavone Kounnavongsa
- National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (Lao) Resources, Livestock Research Center, Xaythany District, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Soukanh Keonouchanh
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Van
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Hai Vu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Manoj Kumar Shah
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, 44209, Nepal
| | - Masahide Nishibori
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Polat Kazymbet
- Radiobiological Research Institute, JSC Astana Medical University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Meirat Bakhtin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Asankadyr Zhunushov
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ripon Chandra Paul
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Bumbein Dashnyam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaan Baator, Mongolia
| | - Ken Nozawa
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Saria Almarzook
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Reissmann
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Donald C Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Raheleh Sadeghi
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ines von Butler-Wemken
- Barb Horse Breeding Organisation VFZB E. V., Verein der Freunde und Züchter Des Berberpferdes E.V., Kirchgasse 11, 67718, Schmalenberg, Germany
| | | | - Haige Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dugarjaviin Manglai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Abdugani Abdurasulov
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Osh State University, 723500, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Boldbaatar Sukhbaatar
- Sector of Surveillance and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, State Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Animal Molecular Biology, 31-047, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Maria Susana Lopes
- Biotechnology Centre of Azores, University of Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | | | | | - Liliya Kalinkova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, Ryazan, 391105, Russia
| | - Alexander M Zaitev
- All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, Ryazan, 391105, Russia
| | - Miguel Novoa-Bravo
- Genética Animal de Colombia SAS., Av. Calle 26 #69-76, 111071, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biosystems, Center for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Laura Patterson Rosa
- Department of Agriculture and Industry, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX, 79832, USA
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rytis Juras
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan.
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Myćka G, Musiał AD, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Długosz B, Piórkowska K, Bieniek A, Szmatoła T, Ropka-Molik K. PLNGene Analysis in Horses: Multiway Approach for the Investigation and Validation of Molecular Variation. Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a molecular characterisation of the PLN gene with whole genome sequencing (WGS) and complete transcriptome sequencing data was performed on 868 horses, supported by Sanger sequencing and the PCR-RFLP method. The PLN gene encodes phospholamban – an
integral membrane protein – and while phosphorylated inhibits the SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transport of Ca2+ into reticulum in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. According to the current knowledge, we hypothesised that the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
(SNPs) in the PLN gene sequence may be related to an individual's lifestyle and would remain under selection pressure. The obtained results indicated the occurrence of 14 polymorphisms of which 7 were upstream, and 7 downstream PLN gene variants according to the EquCan3.0 reference.
The mRNA sequencing confirmed the presence of 3' and 5' UTR regions belonging to the PLN transcript that was in accordance with EquCab2.0, and was missed in the current version. The comparison of two reference genomes and the validation of the NGS data allowed for the 3'UTR variant
(rs1146603334) to be detected, showing differences in the genotype and allele distributions across five horse breeds. A similar genotype frequency in warmblood breeds of horses (Arabians and Thoroughbreds), compared to native and heavy horses (Polish Konik, Draft and Hucul horses), indicated
that this locus was under selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Myćka
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Adrianna D. Musiał
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Bogusława Długosz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bieniek
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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Ayad A, Besseboua O, Aissanou S, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Piórkowska K, Musiał AD, Długosz B, Kozłowska A, Ropka-Molik K. Profiling of genetic markers useful for breeding decision in Selle Francais Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 116:104059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nowacka-Woszuk J, Mackowski M, Mantaj W, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Cieslak J. Equine STX17 intronic triplication confirmed by droplet digital PCR analysis of its breakpoints. Anim Genet 2021; 52:567-568. [PMID: 33939848 DOI: 10.1111/age.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mackowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland.,Horse Genetic Markers Laboratory, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - Weronika Mantaj
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieslak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
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10
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Andres K, Piórkowska K, Ropka-Molik K. Low diversity of mitochondrial DNA in fancy pigeons (Columba livia) revealed by partial D-loop sequencing. Anim Genet 2021; 52:382. [PMID: 33847379 DOI: 10.1111/age.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Andres
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, Balice, 32-083, Poland
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Nowacka-Woszuk J, Mackowski M, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Cieslak J. The equine graying with age mutation of the STX17 gene: A copy number study using droplet digital PCR reveals a new pattern. Anim Genet 2021; 52:223-227. [PMID: 33550611 DOI: 10.1111/age.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The equine graying with age causative mutation in the syntaxin-17 gene (STX17) has been known for over a decade, but proper genotyping of this variant remains challenging due to its molecular character (4.6-kb tandem duplication). Precise information on gray mutation status is important for horse breeders and veterinarians, since gray homozygous horses are more prone to developing aggressive melanoma tumors than heterozygotes. Since recent studies have confirmed that droplet digital PCR is a valuable technique for copy number analysis, we decided to investigate whether this method can be used for accurate genotyping of the horse graying-related variant and established the copy numbers of the 4.6-kb fragment in the available cohort (n = 75) of gray and nongray horses of various breeds. Surprisingly, we found that our STX17 genotype results varied from what has been previously published, suggesting that gray phenotype is associated with the presence of six (GG) or four (Gg) copies of studied region. All the examined nongray horses (gg) have the two copies of these fragments. This new pattern and its inheritance were also confirmed by an analysis conducted for the Polish Warmblood horse family. We noted no further copy number variation in the entire tested samples set. Our study confirmed the usefulness and accuracy of droplet digital PCR for genotyping STX17 gene variant. Further studies on a broader range of materials are needed to fully understand the origin and molecular structure of the graying causative mutation in the horse STX17.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - M Mackowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland.,Horse Genetic Markers Laboratory, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
| | - M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - J Cieslak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, Poznan, 60-637, Poland
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Jasielczuk I, Gurgul A, Szmatoła T, Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Polak G, Tomczyk-Wrona I, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Linkage disequilibrium, haplotype blocks and historical effective population size in Arabian horses and selected Polish native horse breeds. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Fontanel M, Todd E, Drabbe A, Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Myćka G, Velie BD. Variation in the SLC16A1 and the ACOX1 Genes Is Associated with Gallop Racing Performance in Arabian Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 93:103202. [PMID: 32972674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arabian horses are not only one of the most ancient breeds in the world, but they are also one of the most appreciated racehorse breeds today. The breed generates attention for their phenomenal endurance ability and their capability for gallop racing. Consequently, genetic testing to select the best individuals is attracting ever increasing interests from the Arabian industry. As such, the aim of this study was to further investigate associations between performance and variation at candidate genes suspected of having a key role in Arabian gallop racing performance. Generalized linear models were fit to test associations between eight candidate gene variants and a variety of gallop racing performance traits in a sample of Arabian racehorses (n = 287). Two genes, solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), were significantly associated with multiple gallop racing performance traits, whereas another gene, actinin alpha 3 (ACTN3) was associated with best race distance. Previously established associations between these three genes and equine metabolism strongly suggest further investigation of these genes, and their relationship with Arabian horse performance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fontanel
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Agrosup Dijon, Institut national supérieur des sciences agronomiques et de l'alimentation et de l'environnement, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Evelyn Todd
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alize Drabbe
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Myćka
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Brandon D Velie
- Equine Genetics & Genomics Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Piórkowska K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. The use of the SLC16A1 gene as a potential marker to predict race performance in Arabian horses. BMC Genet 2019; 20:73. [PMID: 31510920 PMCID: PMC6740031 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabian horses are commonly believed to be one of the oldest and the most popular horse breeds in the world, characterized by favourable stamina traits and exercise phenotypes. During intensive training, the rates of lactate production and utilization are critical to avoid muscle fatigue and a decrease in exercise performance. The key factor determining transmembrane lactate transport is the monocarboxylate transporter 1 protein coded for by the SLC16A1 gene. The aim of the present research was to identify polymorphisms in the coding sequence and UTRs in the equine SLC16A1 gene and to evaluate their potential association with race performance traits in Arabian horses. Based on RNA-seq data, SNPs were identified and genotyped using PCR-RFLP or PCR-HRM methods in 254 Arabian horses that competed in flat races. An association analysis between polymorphisms and racing results was performed. RESULTS Novel polymorphisms in the equine SLC16A1 locus have been identified (missense and 5'UTR variants: g.55601543C > T and g.55589063 T > G). Analysis showed a significant association between the 5'UTR polymorphism and several racing results as follows: the possibility of winning first or second place, the number of races in which horses started and total financial benefits. The analysis also showed differences in genotype distribution depending on race distance. In the studied population, the shorter distance races were only won by TT horses. The GG and TG horses took first and second places in middle- and long-distance races, and the percentage of winning heterozygotes increased from 19.5 to 27% at the middle and long distances, respectively. The p.Val432Ile (g.55601543C > T) polymorphism was not significantly related to the analysed racing results. CONCLUSION Our results showed that g.55589063 T > G polymorphism affected the possibility of winning first or second place and of competing in more races. The different distribution of genotypes depending on race distance indicated the possibility of using a SNP in the SLC16A1 gene as a marker to predict the best race distance for a horse. The presented results provide a basis for further research to validate the use of the SLC16A1 gene as a potential marker associated with racing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.,University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1,, 32-083, Balice, Poland.,Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
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15
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Szmatoła T, Łątka J, Długosz B, Ropka-Molik K. The Blood and Muscle Expression Pattern of the Equine TCAP Gene during the Race Track Training of Arabian Horses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E574. [PMID: 31426609 PMCID: PMC6720385 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse musculature has been shaped through evolution by environmental and human factors, which has resulted in several extraordinary adaptations to physical effort. Skeletal muscle plasticity results from the response to mechanical stimulation causing hypertrophy, where sarcomeres increase the muscle's cross-sectional area under the influence of contractile forces. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of transcript abundance of the telethonin (TCAP) gene, which is a part of the sarcomere macromolecular mechanosensory complex in the gluteus medius muscle, and the whole blood of Arabian horses during flat race training. The analysis, performed by quantitative PCR, showed an increase of TCAP transcripts in skeletal muscle. However, in whole blood, the transcript abundance decreased after the first stage of training and further increased after the second phase. The obtained results indicate a lack of similarity of TCAP gene expression in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
- Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Łątka
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Długosz
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-159 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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16
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Musiał AD, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Jaworska J, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. ACTN3 genotype distribution across horses representing different utility types and breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5795-5803. [PMID: 31392535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In horses, the identification of the genetic background of phenotypic variation, especially with regard to performance characteristics and predisposition to effort, has been extensively studied. As α-actinin-3 function is related to the regulation of muscle contraction and cell metabolism, the ACTN3 gene is considered one of the main genetic factors determining muscle strength. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotype distribution of two SNP variants within the equine ACTN3 gene (g.1104G > A and c.2334C > T) across different utility types and horse breeds. The analyses were performed on five breeds representing horses of different types, origins and utilities according to performance (in total 877 horses): primitive (Polish koniks; Hucul horses), draught (Polish heavy draught) and light (Thoroughbred and Arabian horses). Two polymorphisms within the ACTN3 gene locus were genotyped and genotype and allele frequency were compared across populations in order to verify if the identified differences contribute to the phenotypic variation observed in horse breeds. The present study allowed confirmation of the significant differences in genotype distribution of g.1104G > A localized in the promoter region between native breeds and racehorse breeds such as Thoroughbreds and Arabians. The allele/genotype variations between primitive and light breeds confirmed that the analysed variant was under selection pressure and can be correlated with racing ability. Moreover, the significant differences for the c.2334C > T genotype frequency between Arabian horses and other breeds indicate its relationship with endurance and athletic performance. The predominance of the T allele (85%) in Arabians suggests that the T variant was favoured during selection focused on improving stamina and could be one of the genetic factors determining endurance ability. Further research is needed to confirm the association of both polymorphisms with exact racing and/or riding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna D Musiał
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland. .,Laboratory of Genomics, Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn - UWM, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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17
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Łuszczyński J, Pieszka M, Petrych W, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. The Frequency of Errors in Determining Age Based on Selected Features of the Incisors of Icelandic Horses. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060298. [PMID: 31151265 PMCID: PMC6617252 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and changes occurring to horses' teeth during ontogeny are not only used to assess the degree of somatic maturity but also the development of universal patterns and is therefore used to determine the age of horses. Research shows that methods of assessing the age of horses based on the appearance of teeth tend to suffer from relatively large errors. This is probably influenced by the results of intensive selection and being kept in living conditions that differ substantially from their natural environment. This study aimed to assess the suitability of selected features of the incisors to determine the age of Icelandic horses. One hundred and twenty-six Icelandic horses (78 mares and 48 stallions) of different ages (range: 0-24 years; groups: 0-2 years, >2-5 years, >5-11 years, and >11 years) were examined by an experienced horse person who was blinded to the actual age of the horse and did not know which age group horses were in. Age was determined by the inspection of each horse's teeth and was compared to the actual age of the horse recorded in the breeding documentation, and the percentage of mistakes made regarding the age group was calculated. The estimated age did not match the real age in 36.5% of the horses. The age was more often underestimated (19.0%) by, on average, 0.9 ± 1.0 years than overestimated (17.5%) by, on average, 1.3 ± 1.4 years. Within age groups, the least number of errors in determining age were made in young horses aged 0-2 years, when the eruption and growing of the deciduous incisors and the disappearance of the cups was considered. The average percentage of errors in this group (2.1%) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than for older horses, whose age was estimated based on the exchange of deciduous to permanent teeth (55.8%), disappearance of the cups (68.0%), and shape changes on the grinding surface (40.0%). Significantly more frequent underestimation of age based on replacing deciduous for permanent incisors and significantly more frequent overestimation of age on the basis of the disappearance of the cup may indicate that Icelandic horses up to 5 years of age are characterized by a slower rate of growth than horses of other breeds, especially warmblood horses. These results suggest that patterns used to determine the real age of horses based on changes occurring on the incisors should be modified in order to consider the specificity of the course of growth and maturation processes of horses of various types and breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Łuszczyński
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural University, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Pieszka
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural University, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Weronika Petrych
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural University, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural University, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
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18
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Bugno-Poniewierska M, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, -Kajtoch AP, Fornal A, Piórkowska K, Ropka-Molik K. Genetic screening for cerebellar abiotrophy, severe combined immunodeficiency and lavender foal syndrome in Arabian horses in Poland. Vet J 2019; 248:71-73. [PMID: 31113566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The highly selective breeding of Arabian horses results in inbreeding depression and genetic disorders, thereby causing significant economic loss. The Polish population of Arabians has a great impact on many breeding programmes. The aim of the current study was to monitor genetic variants involved in the most common genetic disorders of this breed. A total of 808 elite Arabian horses were screened for cerebellar abiotrophy (CA), severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and lavender foal syndrome (LFS) genetic disorders by Sanger sequencing and allelic discrimination methods. The investigated population was clear of LFS. The unfavourable SCID allele was detected in three heterozygous horses (q = 0.00185). Regarding CA, the minor allele frequency was q = 0.04029. This is the first report of SCID carriers in Poland. This investigation demonstrates the value of genetic testing to support breeding decisions and to facilitate genetic disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Agriculture, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, University of Agriculture, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Piestrzyńska -Kajtoch
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Fornal
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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19
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Molecular characterization of the apoptosis-related SH3RF1 and SH3RF2 genes and their association with exercise performance in Arabian horses. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:237. [PMID: 30107803 PMCID: PMC6092840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis plays an important role in the regulation of healthy tissue growth and development as well as in controlling the maintenance of homeostasis in exercising muscles. During an intensive physical effort, the regulation of cell death by apoptosis results in the replacement of unaccustomed muscle cells by new cells that are better suited to exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of two genes (SH3FR1 and SH3RF2) that control apoptosis in muscle tissues during training periods characterized by different intensities. The gene expression levels were estimated using real-time PCR method in skeletal muscle biopsies collected from 15 Arabian horses (untrained, after an intense gallop phase, and at the end of the racing season). An association study was performed on 250 Arabian horses to assess the effect of the SH3RF2:c.796 T > C (p.Ser266Pro) variant on race performance traits in flat gallop-racing. RESULTS A gene expression analysis confirmed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the anti-apoptotic SH3RF2 (POSHER) gene during training periods that differed in intensity. The highest SH3RF2 expression level was detected in the muscles of untrained horses, whereas the lowest expression was identified at the end of the racing season in horses that were fully adapted to the exercise. A non-significant decrease in SH3RF1 gene expression following the training periods was observed. Moreover, a serine substitution by proline at amino acid position 266 (CC genotype) was negatively associated with the probability of winning races, the number of races in which a horse occurred and the financial value of the prizes. Horses with the TT genotype achieved the highest financial benefits, both for total winnings and for winnings per race in which the horses participated. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the supposed regulation mechanism of exercise-induced apoptosis in horses at the molecular level. The identified SH3RF2: c.796 T > C missense variant was associated with selected racing performance traits, which is important information during the evaluation of horses' exercise predisposition. The association results and frequencies of the CT and TT genotypes suggest the possibility of using SH3RF2 variant in selection to improve the racing performance of Arabian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland. .,Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland.
| | - M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, the University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Ropka-Molik K, Piórkowska K, Żukowski K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Transcriptomic hallmarks of bone remodelling revealed by RNA-Seq profiling in blood of Arabian horses during racing training regime. Gene 2018; 676:256-262. [PMID: 30021131 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exercises on young developing organisms is still of interest to researchers. Similarly like Thoroughbreds, Arabian horses competing at the race track. The high percent of lameness and loss of days in training are often the result of weakness in the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The objective of the presented study was to identify by RNA-Seq method, the possible skeletal system originating transcriptomic profile in peripheral blood of Arabian horses undergoing race training. Obtained results showed that one of the most significantly deregulated pathway involved in bone homeostasis was those involved in osteoclast differentiation. Among the significantly expressed molecules, we recognized twelve genes potentially involved in the metabolism of the skeletal system: BGLAP, CTSK, TYROBP, PDLIM7, SLC9B2, TWSG1, NOTCH2, IL6ST, VAV3, NFATc1, CLEC5A, TXLNG. The panel of identified genes should be evaluated as candidate biomarkers for bone homeostasis indicators of Arabians performing on race tracks to assess bone remodelling states during training for race track competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, the University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - K Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - K Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 1 Krakowska, 32-083 Balice, Poland
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21
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Ropka-Molik K, Zagrajczuk A, Piórkowska K, Szmatoła T, Łuszczyński J, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Genetic variability in equine GDF9 and BMP15 genes in Arabian and Thoroughbred mares. Annals of Animal Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In horses, multiple ovulation resulting in implantation of multiple embryos is adverse. However, understanding the mechanisms underlying initiation of multiple ovulation (MO) is advantageous and is related to an increase in efficiency of embryo transfer techniques. It has been postulated that MO may have a genetic background. Two major genes: bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are considered to play a crucial role in folliculogenesis and controlling the ovulation rate. Thus, the aim of the presented study was to identify the variation within equine BMP15 and GDF9 genes to verify their potential role on spontaneous, repetitive multiple ovulations in mares. In addition, variation screening of investigated genes in population of Thoroughbred and Arabian breeds was performed together with establishment of transcript abundance of BMP15 and GDF9 genes in equine ovarian tissue. Sanger sequencing of Arabian and Thoroughbred mares divided according to ovulation rate, revealed occurrence of 3 SNPs in BMP15 and STS in GDF9 genes. The PCR-RLFP and statistical analysis indicated that none of the genotype frequencies were significant in any breeds and none of them were claimed as functional according to ovulation rate. Furthermore, evaluation of transcript abundance by RT -PCR of both genes in ovarian tissues showed that expression of both genes was similar but GDF9 was significantly expressed in growing follicles with 21-30 mm diameter and in ovarian parenchyma, which suggest their potential role in folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków , Poland
| | - Agata Zagrajczuk
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine, Jagiellonian University – University of Agriculture, 31-120 Kraków , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków , Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków , Poland
| | - Jarosław Łuszczyński
- Department of Horse Breeding, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków , Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków , Poland
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Z˙ukowski K, Piórkowska K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Exercise-induced modification of the skeletal muscle transcriptome in Arabian horses. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:318-326. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00130.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been found that Arabian and Thoroughbred horses differ in muscle fiber structure and thus in physiological changes occurring in muscles during exercise. The aim of the present study was to identify the global gene expression modifications that occur in skeletal muscle following a training regime to prepare for flat racing. Whole transcriptomes of muscle (gluteus medius) were compared between three time points of tissue collection: T0 (untrained horses), T1 (horses after intense gallop phase), and T2 (horses at the end of racing season), 23 samples in total. The numerous groups of exercise-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to muscle cell structure and signaling and included insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor ( IGF1R), insulin receptor ( INSR), transforming growth factor beta receptors 1 and 2 ( TGFBR1, TGFBR2), vascular endothelial growth factor B ( VEGFB); epidermal growth factor ( EGF), hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor D ( FIGF). In Arabian horses, exercise modified the expression of genes belonging to the PPAR signaling pathway (e.g., PPARA, PPARD, and PLIN2), calcium signaling pathway, and pathways associated with metabolic processes (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle). According to detected gene expression modifications, our results suggested that in Arabian horses, exercise switches energy generation toward fatty acid utilization and enhances glycogen transport and calcium signaling. The use of the RNA-Seq approach in analyzing the skeletal muscle transcriptome allowed for the proposal of a panel of new candidate genes potentially related to body homeostasis maintenance and racing performance in Arabian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Poland; and
| | - Kacper Z˙ukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Cracow, Poland
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23
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Żukowski K, Piórkowska K, Gurgul A, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood during training regimens. BMC Genet 2017; 18:31. [PMID: 28381206 PMCID: PMC5382464 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabian horses are believed to be one of the oldest and most influential horse breeds in the world. Blood is the main tissue involved in maintaining body homeostasis, and it is considered a marker of the processes taking place in the other tissues. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify the genetic basis of changes occurring in the blood of Arabian horses subjected to a training regimen and to compare the global gene expression profiles between different training periods (T1: after a slow canter phase that is considered a conditioning phase, T2: after an intense gallop phase, and T3: at the end of the racing season) and between trained and untrained horses (T0). RNA sequencing was performed on 37 samples with a 75-bp single-end run on a HiScanSQ platform (Illumina), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on DESeq2 (v1.11.25) software. RESULTS An increase in the number of DEGs between subsequent training periods was observed, and the highest amount of DEGs (440) was detected between untrained horses (T0) and horses at the end of the racing season (T3). The comparisons of the T2 vs. T3 transcriptomes and the T0 vs. T3 transcriptomes showed a significant gain of up-regulated genes during long-term exercise (up-regulation of 266 and 389 DEGs in the T3 period compared to T2 and T0, respectively). Forty differentially expressed genes were detected between the T1 and T2 periods, and 296 between T2 and T3. Functional annotation showed that the most abundant genes up-regulated in exercise were involved in pathways regulating cell cycle (PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), cell communication (cAMP-dependent pathway), proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, as well as immunity processes (Jak-STAT signalling pathway). CONCLUSIONS We investigated whether training causes permanent transcriptome changes in horse blood as a reflection of adaptation to conditioning and the maintenance of fitness to compete in flat races. The present study identified the overrepresented molecular pathways and genes that are essential for maintaining body homeostasis during long-term exercise in Arabian horses. Selected DEGs should be further investigated as markers that are potentially associated with racing performance in Arabian horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland.
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Horse Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Kracow, Poland
| | - Kacper Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piórkowska
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Artur Gurgul
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Ropka-Molik K, Zukowski K, Piórkowska K. P5051 Transcriptome hallmarks of musculoskeletal fatigue in blood of Arabian horses under racing training regime. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4140x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ropka-Molik K, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M, Zukowski K, Piorkowska K, Gurgul A. P5027 Transcriptome profiling of Arabian horse blood tissue during training regime using Next Generation Sequencing method. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4128x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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