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Ayele AD, Kassa BG, Mihretie GN, Belay HG, Sewyew DA, Semahegn AM, Yehuala ED, Tiruneh GA, Tenaw LA, Sendekie AD, Teffera AG, Aychew EW, Belachew YY, Liyeh TM, Worke MD. Level of adherence to option B+ program and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298119. [PMID: 38662634 PMCID: PMC11045077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite policy initiatives and strategic measures highly focused on preventing mother-to-child transmission through the implementation of the Option B+ program, adherence to the treatment is still challenging. The level of adherence and determinants of Option B+ program utilization reported by different studies were highly inconsistent in Ethiopia. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adherence to the Option B+ program and its predictors among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched for published articles from March 2010 to March 2022. The pooled prevalence of adherence was estimated using a weighted DerSimonian-Laird random effect model. The I2 statistics was used to identify the degree of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled estimate of the option B+ program among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia was 81.58% (95% CI: 77.33-85.84). Getting social and financial support (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.12, 6.58), disclosure of HIV status to partners (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.41), time to reach a health facility (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.67), receiving counseling on drug side effects (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.74, 6.11), experience of drug side effects (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.36), and knowledge (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.51) were significantly associated with adherence to the Option B+ program. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that the level of adherence to the Option B+ program in Ethiopia is lower than the 95% level of adherence planned to be achieved in 2020. Social and financial support, disclosure of HIV status, time to reach the health facility, counseling, drug side effects, and knowledge of PMTCT were significantly associated with option B+ adherence. The findings of this meta-analysis highlight that governmental, non-governmental, and other stakeholders need to design an effective strategy to scale up the level of disclosing one's own HIV status, access health facilities, improve knowledge of PMTCT, and counsel the potential side effects of Option B+ drugs, and advocate the program to reduce the multidimensional burden of HIV/AIDS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospero registration: CRD42022320947. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022320947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Degu Ayele
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Getnet Kassa
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Gebrehana Belay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Dagne Addisu Sewyew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abenezer Melkie Semahegn
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Enyew Dagnew Yehuala
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Lebeza Alemu Tenaw
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adanech Getie Teffera
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Eden Workneh Aychew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yismaw Yimam Belachew
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Muche Liyeh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Tewabe DS, Azage M, Wubetu GY, Fenta SA, Worke MD, Asres AM, Getnet WA, Kassie GG, Menber Y, Munea AM, Zeru T, Bekele SA, Abdulahi SO, Adamne TB, Belete HD, Beyene BB, Abte M, Mersha TB, Dadi AF, Enquobahrie DA, Frissa SM, Geda YE. Gender-based violence in the context of armed conflict in Northern Ethiopia. Confl Health 2024; 18:1. [PMID: 38172905 PMCID: PMC10763028 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence (GBV) particularly against women is unfortunately common during armed conflicts. No rigorous and comprehensive empirical work has documented the extent of GBV and its consequences that took place during the two years of devastating armed conflict in Northern Ethiopia. This study aims to assess GBV and its consequences in war-torn areas of northern Ethiopia. METHODS We used a qualitative method augmented by quantitative method to enroll research participants. We conducted in-depth interviews to characterize the lived experiences of GBV survivors. All interviews were conducted confidentially. The data were collected to the point of data saturation. All interviews were transcribed verbatim into local language, translated into English, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. We also used reports from healthcare facilities and conducted a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics of study participants. RESULTS One thousand one hundred seventy-seven persons reported GBV to healthcare providers. The qualitative study identified several forms of violence (sexual, physical, and psychological). Gang rape against women including minors as young as 14 years old girls was reported. Additionally, the perpetrators sexually violated women who were pregnant, and elderly women as old as 65 years, who took refuge in religious institutions. The perpetrators committed direct assaults on the body with items (e.g., burning the body with cigarette fire) or weapons, holding women and girls as captives, and deprivation of sleep and food. GBV survivors reported stigma, prejudice, suicide attempts, nightmares, and hopelessness. GBV survivors dealt with the traumatic stress by outmigration (leaving their residences), seeking care at healthcare facilities, self-isolation, being silent, dropping out of school, and seeking counseling. CONCLUSION GBV survivors were subjected to multiple and compounding types of violence, with a wide range of adverse health consequences for survivors and their families. GBV survivors require multifaceted interventions including psychological, health, and economic support to rehabilitate them to lead a productive life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muluken Azage
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.o.Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Sisay Awoke Fenta
- Emergency Response and Recovery Officer, Amhara Region, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wallelign Alemnew Getnet
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Genet Gedamu Kassie
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.o.Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonatan Menber
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.o.Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemtsehay Mekonnen Munea
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.o.Box: 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Taye Zeru
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Amhara Region, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Melkamu Abte
- Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Amhara Region, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Abel Fekadu Dadi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Souci M Frissa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Department of Neurology and the Franke Barrow Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Alemu FM, Yimer NB, Kasegn BB, Kassie BA, Ibrahim IY, Abdo AA, Worke MD. Effectiveness of simulation-based cesarean section education on improving non-physician clinician midwife's competency in performing cesarean section in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:961. [PMID: 38098058 PMCID: PMC10722683 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based education enhances fundamental and clinical knowledge, procedural abilities, teamwork, and communication skills, as well as quality of care and patient safety. Due to excessive clinical loads and a lack of physicians, even classic teaching methods like bedside instruction are constrained in low-income settings. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain if simulation-based cesarean section education successfully raises non-physician clinician midwives' competency in Ethiopia. METHODS A quasi-experimental study design triangulated with a qualitative design was implemented. Sixty Masters Clinical Midwifery students (29 intervention and 31 control) were taken in 5 universities. Three questionnaires (knowledge, confidence levels, and skills) were used. Qualitative data was also collected from 14 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. P < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. A difference-in-difference with a 95% confidence level was employed to control the potential confounders for knowledge and self-confidence. Multiple linear regression was fitted to identify the independent effect of simulation-based education interventions while controlling for other variables. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2020. RESULT The age of the respondents varies from 24 to 34 years, with the control group's mean age being 28.8 (± 2.3) years and the intervention group's mean age being 27.2 (± 2.01) years. The intervention and control groups' pre-intervention and post-intervention knowledge scores showed a statistically significant difference. There was a substantial increase in self-confidence mean scores in both the intervention and control groups and between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods in both the intervention and control groups. Furthermore, there was a substantial improvement in cesarean section skills in the intervention group as compared to the control group (59.6 (3.3) vs. 51.5 (4.8). The qualitative findings supported these. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that simulation-based education improved students' procedural knowledge, self-confidence, and skills. As a result, professional care teams can create simulation-based teaching packages to help students prepare for their residency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigus Bililgn Yimer
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | | | - Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abdella Amano Abdo
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debra Tabor, Ethiopia.
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Dadi TL, Abebo TA, Yeshitla A, Abera Y, Tadesse D, Tsegaye S, Gerbaba MJ, Worke MD, Tadesse D, Medhin G. Impact of quality improvement interventions on facility readiness, quality and uptake of maternal and child health services in developing regions of Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of programme data. BMJ Open Qual 2023; 12:e002140. [PMID: 37923343 PMCID: PMC10626795 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality improvement intervention (QI) was implemented from 2018 to 2021 in health facilities of developing regional states of Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of QI interventions on facility readiness, service availability, quality and usage of health services in these regions. METHODS We used district health information system data of 56 health facilities (HFs). We also used baseline and endline QI monitoring data from 28 HFs. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and various tests. Regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of QI interventions on various outcomes. RESULT The QI intervention improved readiness of HFs, service availability and quality of maternal and child health service delivery. The mean availability of basic amenities increased from 1.89 to 2.89; HF cleanliness score increased from 4.43 to 5.96; family planning method availability increased from 4 to 5.75; score for emergency drugs at labour ward increased from 5.32 to 7.00; and the mean score for basic emergency obstetric and newborn care service availability increased from 5.68 to 6.75; intrauterine contraceptive devices removal service increased from 39.3% to 82.1%; and partograph use increased from 53.6% to 92.9%. HFs that use partograph for labour management increased by 39.3%. The QI intervention increased the quality of antenatal care by 29.3%, correct partograph use by 51.7% and correct active third-stage labour management, a 19.6% improvement from the baseline. The interventions also increased the service uptake of maternal health services, but not significantly associated with improvement in contraceptive service uptake. CONCLUSION The integrated QI interventions in HFs could have an impact on facility readiness for service delivery, service accessibility and quality of service delivery. The effectiveness of the QI intervention should be evaluated using robust methods, and efforts to enhance contraceptive services through a QI approach requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegene Legese Dadi
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- MERQ Consultancy PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Abuka Abebo
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Yeshitla
- USAID Transform Health in Developing Regions, IntraHealth International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Abera
- USAID Transform Health in Developing Regions, Amref Health Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Derebe Tadesse
- USAID Transform Health in Developing Regions, Amref Health Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sentayehu Tsegaye
- USAID Transform Health in Developing Regions, Amref Health Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulusew Jebena Gerbaba
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Girmay Medhin
- MERQ Consultancy PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Aklilu Lema Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mihretie GN, Kassa BG, Ayele AD, Liyeh TM, Belay HG, Miskr AD, Minuye B, Azanaw MM, Worke MD. Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286850. [PMID: 37289839 PMCID: PMC10249834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transactional sex is casual sex between two people to receive material incentives in exchange for sexual favors. Transactional sex is associated with negative consequences, which increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and physiological trauma. In Sub-Saharan Africa, several primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the prevalence and associated factors of transactional sex among women. These studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the pooled prevalence of the practice of transactional sex among women and its associated factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHOD Data source: PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched from March 6 to April 24, 2022, and included studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. The pooled prevalence of transactional sex and associated factors was estimated using Random Effect Model. Stata (version 16.0) was used to analyze the data. The I-squared statistic, a funnel plot, and Egger's test were used to check for heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. A subgroup analysis was done based on the study years, source of data, sample sizes, and geographical location. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.55% (9.59%-15.52%). Early sexual debut (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.27), substance abuse (OR = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.62, 8.08), history of sexual experience (OR = 4.87, 95% CI: 2.37, 10.02), physical violence abuse (OR = 6.70, 95% CI: 3.32, 13.53), orphanhood (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.47), and sexual violence abuse (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.08, 13.05) were significantly associated with transactional sex. CONCLUSION The prevalence of transactional sex among women in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Alcohol consumption, substance abuse, early sex debuts, having a history of sexual experiences, physical violence, and sexual violence increased the practice of transactional sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Getnet Kassa
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Degu Ayele
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Habtamu Gebrehana Belay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Agernesh Dereje Miskr
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye
- School of Public health at University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw
- Department of Social and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Mengstie MA, Worke MD, Belay Y, Chekol Abebe E, Asmamaw Dejenie T, Abdu Seid M, Azezew MT. Undernutrition and associated factors among internally displaced lactating mothers in Sekota camps, northern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1108233. [PMID: 36866050 PMCID: PMC9971014 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition is the term used to describe when a person consumes insufficient amounts of nutrients and energy to meet their needs for maintaining health. Despite substantial progress, undernutrition remains a serious public health concern in many low and middle-income nations, including Ethiopia. Women and children are, in reality, the most nutritionally vulnerable individuals, particularly in times of crisis. In Ethiopia, 27 percent of lactating women are thin or malnourished, and 38% of children are stunted. Although the issue of undernutrition may worsen in times of emergency, like war, there are limited studies available in Ethiopia that show the nutritional status of lactating mothers in humanitarian settings. Objectives The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and investigate the factors associated with undernutrition among internally displaced lactating mothers in Sekota camps, in northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study through a simple random sampling technique was conducted among 420 randomly selected lactating mothers in Sekota Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent factors associated with maternal undernutrition. Results Using a cut-off mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm, the prevalence of undernutrition among internally displaced lactating mothers was 54.8%. Large family size [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.35; 95% CI: 1.32, 10.22], short birth interval (AOR = 4.85; 95% CI: 1.24, 10.00), low maternal daily meal frequency (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.75), and low dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were all significantly associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The prevalence of undernutrition among internally displaced lactating mothers is relatively high. Governments and other concerned organizations involved in providing care and support to Sekota IDP camps should increase their efforts to improve the nutritional status of lactating mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie, ; orcid.org/000-0002-9711-8640
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemshet Belay
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdu Seid
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Teshome Azezew
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Consequences of exposure to sexual harassment among women working in hospitality workplaces in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: a structural equation model. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:7. [PMID: 36653869 PMCID: PMC9847057 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual harassment is undoubtedly widespread, and many countries have enacted laws to punish and prevent it as insulting behavior. However, its impacts on the job, psyche, and physical health, especially reproductive health, are still severe and noticeable. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impacts of sexual harassment on the job, psychology, physical health, and reproductive health of women in the hospitality industry. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 1 and November 30, 2021. Data were collected among 689 women who experienced sexual harassment in the hospitality industry. In selecting the participants, two-stage cluster sampling techniques were used. The data collection was carried out in two complementary ways. The model of structural equations examines the relationship between the experience of sexual harassment and coping with consequences. The associations were confirmed via AMOS 23. RESULTS Sexual harassment positively predicted job outcomes and negatively predicted physical health. In contrast, coping with sexual harassment positively predicts health at work and in the body and is negatively associated with health in reproduction. Physical health fully mediated the link between sexual harassment (β = 0.017, t = 0.85, p = 0.022) and reproductive health outcomes and partially mediated (β = -0.021, t = -1.235, p = 0.017) between sexual harassment coping and physical health. The interaction between sexual harassment experiences and work experiences also strengthens the negative relationship between sexual harassment experiences and physical health. CONCLUSIONS The impact of sexual harassment on women's reproductive health was investigated in this study. It expands awareness of the effects of sexual harassment exposure, how to survive it, and how to establish effective preventative strategies, particularly in the hospitality industry. Effective prevention depends on preventing psychological and physical health, ultimately improving reproductive health. Thus, safe workplace initiatives and reproductive health care services are needed. Hospitality organizations should also devise a strategy for providing a supportive environment that can significantly improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- grid.510430.3College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia ,grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Health Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Mihretie GN, Ayele AD, Liyeh TM, Beyene FY, Kassa BG, Arega DT, Belay HG, Worke MD. Active management of the third stage of labour in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281343. [PMID: 37079501 PMCID: PMC10118110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-partum haemorrhage occurs in over 10% of all births and is the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 25% of all maternal deaths worldwide. Active management of the third stage of labor is the most important intervention for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality by preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Previously, documented primary studies had been great discrepancy, inconsistent results, and there is a lack of comprehensive study. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were intended to assess the prevalence and associated factors of the practice of active management of the third stage of labour among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia. METHOD Cross-sectional studies were systematically searched from January 01, 2010, to December 24, 2020, using PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, Cochrane Library, and grey literature. The pooled prevalence of active management of the third stage of labour practice and associated factors was estimated using DerSemonial-Laird Random Effect Model. Stata (version 16.0) was used to analyze the data. The I-squared statistic was used to assess the studies' heterogeneity. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. A subgroup analysis was performed to minimize the underline heterogeneity depending on the study years and the sample sizes. RESULTS Seven hundred fifty articles were extracted. The final ten studies were included in this systematic review, including 2438 participants. The pooled prevalence of practices of active management of the third stage of labour among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia was 39.65% (30.86, 48.45%). Educational status (OR = 6.11, 95%CI, 1.51-10.72), obstetric care training (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.66, 4.45), work experience (OR = 2.17, 95%CI, 0.47, 3.87) and knowledge of active management of the third stage of labour (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.71, 6.28) were significantly associated with active management of the third stage of labour practices. CONCLUSION The practice of active management of the third stage of labour in Ethiopia was low. This study showed that educational status, taking obstetric care training, knowledge of AMTSL, and work experience of obstetric care providers were associated with of practices of active management of the third stage of labour. Therefore, obstetric care professionals should improve their academic level, knowledge, and skills in order to provide useful service to AMTSL and save mothers' lives. All obstetric care providers should get obstetric care training. Furthermore, the government should increase obstetric care professionals' educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Degu Ayele
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Muche Liyeh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Fentahun Yenealem Beyene
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Getnet Kassa
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tiruneh Arega
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Gebrehana Belay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Demelash H, Meseret L, Bezie M, Abebe F. Factors associated with sexual violence among waitresses working in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: a mixed-method study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35668442 PMCID: PMC9172177 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When a worker is abused, threatened, or assaulted while at work, it poses an explicit or implicit threat to his/her safety, well-being, or health. However, the magnitude and understanding of the problem and its associated factors have received little attention in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain the magnitude, perceptions, and associated factors of workplace sexual violence among waitresses in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods Parallel sampling was used in a facility-based convergent mixed-methods study. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Four hundred six waitresses provided quantitative information. To collect data, a pretested structured interview administered questionnaire was used. Qualitative data from ten in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were also collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were cleaned before being entered into Epidata version 7 and exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. Using odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and a P value of less than 0.05, binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors. Thematic analysis was performed using ATLAS ti version 8.4.25 after the recorded audios were transcribed. Results The overall prevalence of workplace sexual violence was 45.9% (95% CI 41, 50.8). Waitresses who had heard about sexual violence and workplace sexual violence, had witnessed family violence as a child, had a family who valued their honor over their children’s safety and health, and lacked employment opportunities were more likely to experience workplace sexual violence. Waitresses who worked in emotionally supportive work environments and were educated were less likely to experience workplace sexual violence. Conclusions Many of the waitresses in this study had experienced workplace sexual violence. Its awareness, witnessing family violence as a child, growing up in a family that prioritized their honor over their children’s safety and health, and lack of employment opportunities exacerbated it. In contrast, emotionally supportive work environments and education have protected them. This implies that organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, civic organizations, and other responsible bodies must pay attention to the identified factors. Additionally, Ethiopian hospitality workplaces should develop policies to protect women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01806-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Habtamu Demelash
- Department of Social and Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Lealem Meseret
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Minale Bezie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Development and validation of contextual measures of sexual harassment perceptions, experiences, and coping for women employees in Ethiopian hospitality workplaces. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:59. [PMID: 35180896 PMCID: PMC8857844 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual harassment among female employees in the hospitality industry is a complex phenomenon, and it has ramifications for employment, psychological, physical, and reproductive health. Nevertheless, our interpretation is constrained by a lack of agreement on its definition and measurement. As a result, hospitality workplaces require accurate tools that provide a detailed understanding of sexual harassment and inputs for action to limit adverse outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to develop a reliable and valid measure of female hospitality employees’ perceptions, experiences, and coping features concerning sexual harassment. Methods Item development, scale development, and scale evaluation were all parts of the design process. Following a round of feedback from the expert group, qualitative results, and a comprehensive literature review on related themes, item pools were created for the first version of the questionnaire. Pre-testing, survey administration, item reduction, and transformation of extracted latent factors of individual items into a unified and measurable construct were also performed. Field testing included five cognitive interviews with women who had experienced sexual harassment, a pre-test study of 30 women, and a survey of 345 women who worked in hospitality workplaces. Finally, tests for dimensionality, reliability, and validity were conducted. Results In Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 345 women working in the hospitality workplaces, with a mean age of 24.31 ± 4.30 years, took part in this study. The robust maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to do confirmatory factor analysis. The model’s stability was determined by calculating the goodness of fit and the factorial invariance. Subsequently, the validity was confirmed. The findings supported the validity and reliability of the questionnaires designed for the target group. Therefore, the questionnaires can be used as research instruments. Conclusions The sexual harassment perceptions, experiences and coping scales provide a locally verified method for assessing sexual harassment in Ethiopia by government authorities and local and international non-governmental organisations, which aid in providing necessary services and the evaluation of efforts aimed at improving workplace safety, workplace health, and psychosocial well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00828-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. .,Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Belay HG, Arage G, Degu A, Getnet B, Necho W, Dagnew E, Melkie A, Seid T, Bezie M, Nibret G, Worke MD. Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08526. [PMID: 34934842 PMCID: PMC8661021 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most developing countries, meeting young people's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs remains a problem. Despite policy initiatives and strategic measures aimed at increasing youth utilization of sexual and reproductive health services in Ethiopia, its utilization remains very low. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Ethiopia's youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services' utilisation and determinants. METHODS Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles published until March 2021. The pooled prevalence and effect size of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health service use and associated factors were estimated using a weighted DerSimonian-laird random effect model. The I2 statistics were used to determine the degree of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to examine publication bias. Subgroup analyses were performed to reduce underlying heterogeneity. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and ninety-one articles were generated from various databases, and a final 26 articles were included in the review, including 16246 participants. Ethiopia's pooled prevalence of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health service utilization was 42.73 % (95% CI: 35.38-50.09). The findings of this study showed that grade level 11-12, grade level 9-10, close to home sexual and reproductive health services, male sex, and discussion of sexual and reproductive health service with family, friends, and groups, ever experience sexual activity were associated with utilization of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. Maternal educational status secondary school and above, age 15-19 years, age 20-24 years, having ever experienced reproductive problems, living with a partner, living alone, knowing about sexual and reproductive health, having a convenient working hour for youth-friendly service, and participation in a school clubs were also associated with the utilization of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. CONCLUSION We found several determinant factors for adolescent and youth utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. The review highlights the importance of improving service usage through youth education and promotion and the scaling up and institutionalizing of youth-friendly services through extensive capacity building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Gebrehana Belay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Arage
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Degu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Getnet
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Necho
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Enyew Dagnew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abenezer Melkie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Seid
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Minale Bezie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaye Nibret
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Mekonnen AT, Limenh SK. Incidence and determinants of neonatal mortality in the first three days of delivery in northwestern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:647. [PMID: 34556077 PMCID: PMC8461935 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing sustainable development goals to reduce neonatal mortality remains a global challenge, and it is a concern in Ethiopia. As a result, the goal of this study was to assess the incidence and determinants of neonatal mortality in the first 3 days among babies delivered in the referral hospitals of the Amhara National Regional State. Methods A hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 810 neonates in the first 3 days of delivery between March 1 and August 30, 2018. The neonates were followed up from the time of admission to 72 h. Interviewer-administered questionnaires and medical record reviews were conducted for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.4 and analysed using STATA™ version 16.0. The neonate’s survival time was calculated using the Cox-Proportional hazards model. Results The overall incidence of neonatal mortality in this study was 151/1000 births. Neonatal mortality was significantly higher among neonates whose mothers came between 17 and 28 weeks of gestation for the first visit; among those whose mothers labour was not monitored with a partograph, mothers experienced postpartum haemorrhage and developed a fistula first 24 h, and experienced obstructed labour. However, 39% were less risky among neonates whose mothers were directly admitted and whose mothers had visited health facilities in less than 1-h, both. Conclusions This study revealed that approximately 1 in 7 neonates died within the first 3 days of life. The determinants were the timing of the first antenatal visit, quality of labour monitoring, maternal complications, and delay in seeking care. Thus, scaling up evidence-based interventions and harmonising efforts to improve antenatal care quality, promote institutional deliveries, provide optimal essential and emergency obstetric care, and ensure immediate postnatal care may improve neonatal survival. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04122-8.
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Coping strategies and perceived barriers of women hospitality workplace employees to sexual harassment in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia: a grounded theory approach. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:143. [PMID: 34530938 PMCID: PMC8444371 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coping depicts how people detect, appraise, deal with, and learn from stressful encounters. Applying preferred coping strategies in various situations makes the issue a persistent agenda in hospitality workplaces, where women are unduly victims of sexual harassment. Thus, this study aimed to develop a context specific and data-driven coping strategy framework and barriers to coping strategy mechanisms for sexual harassment victimisation against women working in hospitality workplaces. Methods A qualitative, grounded theory approach was used. Data were collected from female employees, managers, cashiers, and customers. Semi-structured focus-group discussions and in-depth interview guides were employed. A constant comparative approach was used to describe the meanings and summarise the data. Data were coded, categorised, and networks were visualised using the ATLAS ti version 8.4.24 software package. Results In this study, six focus group discussions, ten in-depth interviews, and thirteen key informant interviews were conducted. The provided context specific coping strategic framework consists of four strictly interconnected dimensions with corresponding barriers practised by female hospitality employees. These were normalisation, engagement, help-seeking, and detachment. The normalisation dimension encompasses silence, acceptance, denial, refusal, grief, and tolerance. Confrontation, negotiation, retaliation/threatening, and discrimination of the perpetrators were included in the engagement dimension. Elements such as discussing with friends, complaining with supervisors, consulting professionals, and accusing perpetrators were in the help-seeking dimension. Lastly, job-hopping, job withdrawal, work withdrawal, and distancing were in the detachment dimension. Some barriers deterred all dimensions, some factors facilitated normalisation, and some adverse outcomes ended the engagement dimension. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the coping capacities of sexual harassment among female hospitality employees have been apparent, providing space for stakeholders to intervene. Our new coping strategy framework can serve as a valuable guide for designing context-specific interventions. These interventions could help women and stakeholders prevent sexual harassment, decrease barriers, and alleviate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Perception and experiences of sexual harassment among women working in hospitality workplaces of Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1119. [PMID: 34116672 PMCID: PMC8196489 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace sexual harassment is a public health problem that depends on gender, context, and perceived ideology. Although studies have documented the prevalence and consequences of workplace sexual harassment worldwide, victims' perceptions and experiences are still poorly understood in low and middle-income countries, particularly Ethiopia. Female workers in the hospitality industry, including hotels, bars, restaurants, fast-food restaurants, and cafeterias, are particularly affected. Hence, this study aimed to explore sexual harassment perceptions and experiences among women working in these workplaces. METHODS An exploratory qualitative study was conducted from 1 January to 30 August 2019. Data were collected from female employees and key informants from several hospitality workplaces in Bahir Dar City. Data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key-informant interviews. Women who experienced sexual harassment were selected using the snowball method, and key informants were recruited purposefully. Six focus group discussions, ten in-depth interviews, and thirteen key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using the ATLAS ti version 8.4.24. RESULTS In this study, most participants perceived that sexual harassment is pressuring, threatening, touching, abducting sexual advances, and experiencing verbal, physical, and non-verbal types. Similarly, the perceived risk factors were related to the organisations, the customers, and the victims, with the consequences being work-related, health-related, financial-related, and family-related. CONCLUSIONS Workplace sexual harassment in hospitality workplaces is poorly understood, but many women experience it. A variety of factors also caused it, and it influenced both organisations and people. Public awareness programs, pre-service preparation, in-service training, prevention, and psychosocial support are needed. Similarly, policies and strategies for the organisations should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Ayele AD, Belay HG, Kassa BG, Worke MD. Knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health 2021; 18:78. [PMID: 33858438 PMCID: PMC8048176 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconception care is the provision of biomedical, behavioural, and social health interventions provided to women and couples before conception. However, in Ethiopia, little is known and practised to support preconception care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess women's knowledge and utilisation of preconception care and its associated factors in Ethiopia using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD In the current meta-analysis, variables were searched from different electronic database systems, which included PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINAR, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature. Data were extracted using a standardised data collection measurement tool. The data were analysed by using STATA 14 statistical software. I2 tests assessed heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was used to forecast the pooled knowledge and utilisation of preconception care. RESULTS Thirteen full-text studies were included. The pooled prevalence of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care among women in Ethiopia was 30.95% and 16.27% respectivelly. Secondary education (OR = 2.78, 95% CI,2.01-3.85), college and above (OR = 5.05, 95% CI,2.70-9.44), and antenatal care (OR = 3.89, 95% CI, 1.69-8.98) were significantly associated with knowledge level whereas; age (OR = 2.43, 95% CI, 1.30-4.53) and knowledge on preconception care (OR = 3.95, 95% CI,2.35-6.62) were positively associated with utilisation of preconception. CONCLUSIONS Women's level of knowledge and utilisation of preconception care was significantly low. Educational status and antenatal care follow-up were factors shown to affect knowledge of preconception care. Age and having a sound knowledge of preconception care indicated a significant association towards utilisation of preconception care. Thus, integrating preconception care strategies and policies that can address all the components of preconception care services with other maternal and child health services will be essential when designing effective implementation strategies to improve preconception care uptake. Besides this, advocating for better education for women, awareness creation, and increasing antenatal care services are essential. Prospero registration: CRD42020218062.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Degu Ayele
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Habtamu Gebrehana Belay
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Getnet Kassa
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health 2020; 17:195. [PMID: 33298107 PMCID: PMC7724841 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-01050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace sexual violence is a significant public health problem in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, except for individual studies with varying prevalence rates in different occupations, there are no national prevalence studies conducted in workplace settings in Ethiopia. Appropriate estimation of the problem is essential to formulate health service plans most fitted for workplaces. Hence, this review and meta-analysis intended to estimate the national pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence in Ethiopia. METHODS The databases used were; PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. For a critical appraisal of the papers, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis and MetaXL software. Descriptive information of studies was presented in narrative form, and quantitative results were presented in forest plots. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were employed to test heterogeneity across studies. A random-effect model computed the pooled estimate prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence was 22% (95% CI 17%, 28%). The pooled prevalence was 14.1% (95% CI 10.4%, 18.9%) for attempted rape, 8% (95% CI 5.7%, 11.1%) for rape, and 33.2% (95% CI 24.1%, 43.7%) for sexual harassment. The pooled prevalence was the highest among female university staffs 49% (95% CI 45%, 56%), and among commercial sex workers 28% (95% CI 3%, 59%). CONCLUSIONS This analysis revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence and sexual harassment in Ethiopian workplaces is high. It was also exceptionally high among female faculty staff, commercial sex workers, and workplaces in Tigray National regional state. Thus, concerned stakeholders must design and implement effective interventions to prevent workplace sexual violence in workplaces in Ethiopia and provide necessary support and care to the victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Enyew HD, Dagnew MM. Magnitude of maternal near misses and the role of delays in Ethiopia: a hospital based cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:585. [PMID: 31533861 PMCID: PMC6749669 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of maternal near misses and the role of delays including other risk factors. A Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at three referral hospitals of Amhara region on 572 mothers who came to obtain obstetrics care services from February 01 to July 30, 2018. RESULTS The magnitude of maternal near miss was 26.6% (95% CI 23, 30). With regards to delays, 83 (14.5%), 226 (39.5%), and 154 (26.9%) of women delayed in the decision to seek care, in reaching care, and in receiving care respectively. Women who had no antenatal care [AOR = 3.16; CI (1.96, 5.10)], who stayed in hospital 7 days or more [AOR = 2.20; CI (1.33, 3.63)] and those who had delay in reaching health facility [AOR = 1.99; CI (1.10, 3.61)] were more likely to be near miss. While, women whose husband was able to read and write [AOR = 0.29; CI (0.09, 0.96)] and those with monthly household income between 2001 and 3000 ETB [AOR = 0.35; CI (0.18, 0.70)] were 71% and 65% less likely to be near misses respectively. Promoting antenatal care and increasing maternal health care access could have significant impact in reducing maternal near misses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Habtamu Demelash Enyew
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Maru Mekie Dagnew
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Worke MD, Bezabih LM, Woldetasdik MA. Utilization of contraception among sexually active HIV positive women attending art clinic in University of Gondar Hospital: a hospital based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2016; 16:67. [PMID: 27769220 PMCID: PMC5073466 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-016-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraception helps to prevent unplanned pregnancies among human immune virus positive women. The contraceptive utilization status and associated factors were not well addressed in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess utilization of contraceptives and associated factors among human immune virus positive reproductive age group women appearing at anti-retroviral therapy clinic at the University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia. METHOD An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 systematically selected HIV positive reproductive age women who visited ART unit of the University of Gondar teaching referral hospital from January 8-20, 2014. The data were collected using pre tested and structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. The data were entered into Epi-Info version 3.5, and cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive summary of the data and logistic regression were used to identify possible predictors using odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval and P-value of 0.05. RESULTS The study revealed that the overall utilization of any type of contraception was 50 %. Of them, 4.1 % got contraception from anti-retroviral therapy unit. Fear of side effects was the most common (42 %) reason for not using contraception. Women who attended secondary education, married and who had 4-6 children were more likely to use contraception than their counterparts were; (AOR: 5.63; 95 % CI: 1.74-18.21), (AOR: 8.07; 95 % CI: 3.10-20.99) and (AOR: 3.61; 95 % CI: 1.16-11.26) respectively. However, Women between 35-49 years, had no intention to have another child and discordant couples were 83 %, 76 % and 65 % less likely to use contraception respectively than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that the utilization of contraception was low. Women between 35-49 years, those who had no intention to have another child and whose partner was HIV sero-negative and fear of side effect of the contraception played an important role for not using contraception. Therefore, there is a need to give attention about integration of family planning service with HIV care and support service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Lealem Meseret Bezabih
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Adefris Woldetasdik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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